阿濟格 Ājìgé
Biography
阿濟格
阿濟格，太祖第十二子。初授台吉。天命十年，從貝勒莽古爾泰伐察哈爾，至農安塔。十一年，偕台吉碩託伐喀爾喀巴林部，復從貝勒代善伐紥魯特，皆有功，授貝勒。天聰元年，偕貝勒阿敏伐朝鮮，克五城。從上伐明，偕莽古爾泰衛塔山糧運。會師錦州，薄寧遠，明兵千餘人為車營，掘壕，前列火器，阿濟格擊殲之。總兵滿桂出城陣，上欲進擊，諸貝勒以距城近，諫不可，獨阿濟格請從。上督阿濟格馳擊明騎兵至城下，諸貝勒皆慚，奮不及胄，亦進擊其步軍，明兵死者大半。二年，以擅主弟多鐸婚，削爵，尋復之。
三年，偕濟爾哈朗略明錦州、寧遠，焚其積聚，俘三千。復從上伐明，克龍井關，下漢兒莊城，克洪山口。進次遵化，擊斬明總兵趙率教。薄明都，袁崇煥、祖大壽以兵二萬赴援，屯廣渠門外，師逐之，迫壕，阿濟格馬創，乃還。尋偕阿巴泰等略通州，至張家灣。尋從上閱薊州，遇明山海關援兵，阿濟格偕代善突入敵陣，大破之。
四年，復從伐明，趨廣寧，會師大凌河。夜圍錦州，明兵襲阿濟格營，霧不見人，阿濟格嚴陣待。青氣降，霧豁若門闢，急縱擊，獲明裨將一、甲械及馬二百餘。上酌金卮親勞之，授圍城方略。尋聞明增兵，上命揚古利率八旗巴牙喇兵之半以益軍。大壽弟大弼逐我軍中偵騎近上前，上擐甲與戰，阿濟格馳至，明兵步騎遝出，奮擊卻之，斬明裨將一。上以所統兵付阿濟格，明監軍道張春援至，又戰於大凌河，截殺過半，逐北四十里。
六年，從伐察哈爾，林丹汗遁。上移師伐明，令阿濟格統左翼及蒙古兵略大同、宣府，盡得張家口所貯犒邊財物。七年，城通遠堡，迎降將孔有德，拒明及朝鮮兵。詔問攻明及朝鮮、察哈爾三者何先，阿濟格言當攻明。偕阿巴泰略山海關，詔責其不深入，阿濟格言；「臣欲息馬候糧，諸貝勒不從。」上曰：「汝果堅不還，諸貝勒將棄汝行乎？」八年，從伐明，克保全，拔靈丘。
Ajige
Ajige was the twelfth son of Taizu. He was first appointed taiji. In the tenth year of Tianming he followed Beile Manggu'ertai in the campaign against the Chahar and reached Nong'an Pagoda. In the eleventh year, with the taiji Shuotuo, he attacked the Balin tribe of Ka'erka, and again followed Beile Daishan in attacking the Zhalute; he had merit in all of these and was appointed beile. In the first year of Tiancong, with Beile A'min, he attacked Korea and took five cities. He followed the emperor in the campaign against the Ming, and with Manggu'ertai guarded the grain transport at Tashan. The army joined forces at Jin Department and pressed upon Ningyuan; more than a thousand Ming troops formed a camp of carts, dug trenches, and ranged firearms in front, and Ajige destroyed them. The Brigade General Man Gui came out of the city and drew up his line; the emperor wished to advance and attack, but the beile remonstrated that it was too near the city and not permissible, and Ajige alone asked to follow. The emperor led Ajige in a charge on the Ming cavalry as far as the foot of the city wall; the beile were all ashamed, and rushed forward without time to put on their helmets, and also attacked the Ming infantry, and more than half the Ming troops died. In the second year, for having presided on his own authority over the marriage of his younger brother Duoduo, he was stripped of his rank, but soon it was restored. Edit
In the third year, with Ji'erhalang, he raided the Ming Jin Department and Ningyuan, burned their stores and took three thousand captives. He again followed the emperor in the campaign against the Ming, took Longjing Pass, took the city of Han'erzhuang and took Hongshankou. Advancing to camp at Zunhua, he killed and beheaded the Ming Brigade General Zhao Shuaijiao. He pressed upon the Ming capital; Yuan Chonghuan and Zu Dashou came to its relief with twenty thousand troops and camped outside Guangqu Gate, and our army drove them off and pressed them to their trench; Ajige's horse was wounded, and so he withdrew. Soon afterwards, with Abatai and others, he raided Tong Department and reached Zhangjiawan. Soon afterwards he followed the emperor in an inspection of Ji Department, and met relief troops of the Ming from Shanhai Pass; Ajige and Daishan charged into the enemy line and utterly defeated them. Edit
In the fourth year he again followed the campaign against the Ming, hastened to Guangning, and joined forces at the Daling River. At night he surrounded Jin Department; Ming troops raided Ajige's camp, the fog was so thick that men could not be seen, and Ajige formed a strict line and waited. A blue vapour descended and the fog opened like a door being thrown open; he at once let loose his attack and captured one Ming lieutenant-general, armour and weapons, and more than two hundred horses. The emperor poured a golden cup with his own hand to reward him and gave him a plan for the siege of the city. Soon he heard that the Ming were increasing their troops, and the emperor ordered Yangguli to lead half of the Eight Banners' bayara troops to reinforce the army. Dabi, younger brother of Zu Dashou, pursued our scouts to the emperor's front; the emperor put on armour and fought them, and Ajige galloped up; the Ming infantry and cavalry poured out in crowds, and he attacked fiercely and drove them back, killing a Ming lieutenant-general. The emperor handed the troops under his command to Ajige. The Army Supervisor Circuit Intendant of the Ming, Zhang Chun, arrived with relief forces, and there was fighting again at the Daling River; more than half of them were cut down, and the defeated were pursued for forty li. Edit
In the sixth year he followed the campaign against Chahar, and Lindan Khan fled. The emperor moved his army to attack the Ming and ordered Ajige to command the left wing and the Mongol troops to raid Datong and Xuanfu, and they obtained all the goods stored at Zhangjiakou for rewarding the frontier troops. In the seventh year he built a wall at Tongyuan Fort, welcomed the surrendering general Kong Youde, and held off the troops of the Ming and Korea. An edict asked which of the three, the Ming, Korea or Chahar, should be attacked first, and Ajige said that the Ming should be attacked. With Abatai he raided Shanhai Pass; an edict rebuked them for not penetrating deeply, and Ajige said: "I wished to rest the horses and wait for provisions, but the beile did not agree." The emperor said: "If you had insisted on not returning, would the beile have left you and gone?" In the eighth year he followed the campaign against the Ming, took Baoquan and captured Lingqiu. Edit
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崇德元年，進武英郡王。偕饒餘貝勒阿巴泰及揚古利伐明，自雕鶚堡入長安嶺，薄延慶。越保定至安州，克昌平、定興、安肅、寶坻、東安、雄、順義、容城、文安諸縣，五十六戰皆捷，俘人畜十餘萬。又遣固山額真譚泰等設伏，斬遵化三屯營守將，獲馬百四十餘。得優旨，賜鞍馬一。師還，上迎勞地載門外十里，見阿濟格勞瘠，為淚下，親酌金卮勞之。上伐朝鮮，命守牛莊。二年，碩託攻皮島未下，阿濟格督所部水陸併進，克之。上遣使褒勞。
四年，從伐明，阿濟格揚言欲以紅衣炮攻台，守者懼，四里屯、張剛屯、寶林寺、旺民屯、於家屯、成化峪、道爾彰諸台俱下。尋還守塔山、連山，俘人馬千計。復偕阿巴泰略錦州、寧遠。六年，偕濟爾哈朗圍錦州。守郛蒙古台吉吳巴什等議舉城降，祖大壽覺之，擊蒙古兵，阿濟格夜登陴助戰，明兵敗，徙蒙古降者於義州。屢擊敗明兵，賜銀四千。
洪承疇率諸將王樸、吳三桂等援錦州，號十三萬。上親視師，營松山。明兵奔塔山，阿濟格追擊之，獲筆架山積粟，又偕多爾袞克敵台四，擒明將王希賢等，樸、三桂僅以身免。明兵猶守錦州、松山、杏山、高橋諸地，上還盛京，命阿濟格偕杜度、多鐸等圍之。承疇夜出松山襲我軍，阿濟格等督眾環射之，明兵敗還，城閉不得入，其眾二千皆降。七年，圍杏山，遣軍略寧遠。三桂以四千人駐塔山、高橋，不戰而退，縱兵四擊，又迭敗之。八年，復偕濟爾哈朗攻寧遠，軍城北，布雲梯發炮，城圮，克之；抵前屯衛，攻城西，斬馘四千餘，明總兵黃色棄城遁，復克之。
順治元年，從入關破李自成，進英親王，賜鞍馬二。命為靖遠大將軍，自邊外入陝西，斷自成歸路，八戰皆勝，克城四，降城三十八。時自成為多鐸所敗，棄西安走商州。詔多鐸趨淮、揚，而命阿濟格率師討自成。自成南走，眾尚二十萬，規取南京。阿濟格以師從之，及於鄧州，復南至承天、德安、武昌、富池口、桑家口、九江，屢破敵，自成走死，斬其將劉宗敏，俘宋獻策。宗敏，自成驍將；獻策，自成所倚任，號軍師者也。
明將左良玉子夢庚方駐軍九江，師至，執總督袁繼咸等，率馬步兵十萬、舟數萬，詣軍門降。是役凡十三戰，下郡縣：河南十二，湖廣三十九，江西、江南皆六。捷聞，上使赴軍慰勞，詔曰：「王及行間將士馳驅跋涉，懸崖峻嶺，深江大河，萬有餘里，勞苦功高。寇氛既靖，宜即班師。其招撫餘兵，或留或散，王與諸大臣商榷行之。」詔未至，阿濟格率師還京師。睿親王多爾袞責阿濟格不候詔班師，又自成未死時，先以死聞，遣人數其罪；又在午門張蓋坐，召而斥之。覆議方出師時，脅宣府巡撫李鑒釋逮問赤城道朱壽錅及擅取鄂爾多斯、土默特馬，降郡王。尋復之。五年，剿天津、曹縣土寇。十一月，率師駐大同，薑瓖叛，督兵討之。旋命為平西大將軍，率固山額真巴顏等討瓖。六年，瓖將劉遷犯代州，遣博洛赴援，圍乃解。
多爾袞至大同視師，時阿濟格兩福晉病卒，命歸視，阿濟格曰：「攝政王躬攝大政，為國不遑，吾敢以妻死廢國事？」阿濟格自以功多，告多爾袞曰：「輔政德豫親王徵流寇至慶都，潛身僻地，破潼關、西安不殲其眾，追騰機思不取，功績未著，不當優異其子。鄭親王乃叔父之子，不當稱『叔王』。予乃太祖之子，皇帝之叔，宜稱『叔王』。」多爾袞斥其妄，令勿預部務及交接漢官。尋復偕鞏阿岱攻大同，會降將楊振威斬瓖降，隳其城睥睨五尺，乃還。八年正月，多爾袞薨於喀喇城，阿濟格赴喪次，諸王夜臨，獨不至，召其子郡王勞親以兵脅多爾袞所屬使附己。喪還，上出迎，阿濟格不去佩刀。勞親兵至，阿濟格張纛與合軍。多爾袞左右訐阿濟格欲為亂，鄭親王濟爾哈朗等遣人於路監之。還京師，議削爵，幽禁。逾月，覆議系別室，籍其家，諸子皆黜為庶人。十月，監守者告阿濟格將於系所舉火，賜死。
阿濟格子十一，有爵者三：和度、傅勒赫、勞親。和度，封貝子，先卒。勞親與阿濟格同賜死。
傅勒赫，初封鎮國公。坐奪爵，削宗籍。十八年，諭傅勒赫無罪，復宗籍。康熙元年，追封鎮國公。子構孳、綽克都，並封輔國公。綽克都，事聖祖。從董額討王輔臣，守漢中，攻秦州，師無功。授盛京將軍，又以不稱職，奪爵。上錄阿濟格功，以其子普照仍襲輔國公，坐事奪爵，以其弟經照仍襲輔國公。雍正間，普照亦以軍功復爵，卒。世宗諭曰：「普照軍前效力，且其兄女為年羹堯妻，故特予封爵。今羹堯負恩誅死，此爵不必承襲。」居數年，經照亦坐事，奪爵。普照、經照皆能詩。乾隆四十三年，命阿濟格之裔皆復宗籍。經照子孫遞降，以奉恩將軍世襲。
In the first year of Chongde he was advanced to Prince Wuying of the Second Rank. With Abatai, Raoyu Beile, and Yangguli he attacked the Ming, entered Chang'an Ridge from Diao'e Fort and pressed upon Yanqing. Crossing Baoding, he reached An Department and took the counties of Changping, Dingxing, Ansu, Baodi, Dong'an, Xiong, Shunyi, Rongcheng and Wen'an; he won in all fifty-six battles and took more than a hundred thousand people and animals. He also sent the gushan ejen Tantai and others to set an ambush, and they killed the defending general of Santunying at Zunhua and took more than a hundred and forty horses. He received an edict of praise and was granted a saddled horse. When the army returned, the emperor went out ten li beyond the Dizai Gate to welcome and reward it, and seeing that Ajige was worn and thin, wept for him and poured a golden cup with his own hand to reward him. When the emperor campaigned against Korea, he ordered Ajige to guard Niuzhuang. In the second year, when Shuotuo attacked Pi Island and did not take it, Ajige led his troops by water and land together and took it. The emperor sent envoys to commend and reward him. Edit
In the fourth year he followed the campaign against the Ming; Ajige gave out that he would attack the forts with red-coat cannon, and the defenders were afraid, and the forts of Sililun, Zhanggang Village, Baolin Temple, Wangmin Village, Yujia Village, Chenghuayu and Daoerzhang all fell. Soon afterwards he returned to guard Tashan and Lianshan, and took captives and horses by the thousand. He again, with Abatai, raided Jin Department and Ningyuan. In the sixth year, with Ji'erhalang, he besieged Jin Department. The Mongol taiji Wubashi and others, who were defending the outer wall, planned to surrender the city; Zu Dashou found out and attacked the Mongol troops, and Ajige climbed the parapet at night to help in the fight; the Ming troops were defeated, and the surrendering Mongols were moved to Yi Department. He repeatedly defeated Ming troops, and was granted four thousand taels of silver. Edit
Hong Chengchou, leading the generals Wang Pu, Wu Sangui and others, came to relieve Jin Department, claiming a hundred and thirty thousand men. The emperor inspected the army in person and camped at Songshan. The Ming troops ran towards Tashan; Ajige pursued and attacked them, captured the grain stored at Bijia Hill, and with Dorgon took four enemy forts and seized the Ming general Wang Xixian and others; Pu and Sangui barely escaped with their lives. The Ming troops still held Jin Department, Songshan, Xingshan, Gaoqiao and other places; the emperor returned to Shengjing and ordered Ajige, with Dudu, Duoduo and others, to besiege them. Chengchou came out of Songshan at night to raid our army, and Ajige and the others led the troops in shooting at them from all sides; the Ming troops were defeated and withdrew, but the city gate had closed and they could not enter, and two thousand of their men all surrendered. In the seventh year he besieged Xingshan and sent troops to raid Ningyuan. Sangui, with four thousand men, was stationed at Tashan and Gaoqiao, and withdrew without fighting; Ajige let his troops attack in all directions and again defeated them in succession. In the eighth year, he again with Ji'erhalang attacked Ningyuan, camped north of the city, set up scaling ladders and fired cannon; the wall collapsed and he took it. Reaching Qiantun Garrison, he attacked the west side of the city and killed and took the ears of more than four thousand; the Ming Brigade General Huang Se abandoned the city and fled, and it was taken again. Edit
In the first year of Shunzhi he followed the army through the pass and defeated Li Zicheng, and was advanced to Prince Ying of the First Rank and granted two saddled horses. He was appointed Grand General Who Quiets Distant Lands, entered Shaanxi from beyond the frontier, and cut off Zicheng's way back; he won all eight battles, took four cities and received the surrender of thirty-eight cities. At that time Zicheng had been defeated by Duoduo, and abandoned Xi'an and fled to Shang Department. An edict ordered Duoduo to hasten to Huai and Yang, and ordered Ajige to lead troops against Zicheng. Zicheng fled south with a force still of two hundred thousand, planning to take Nanjing. Ajige followed him with his army and caught up with him at Deng Department, then went south again to Chengtian, De'an, Wuchang, Fuchikou, Sangjiakou and Jiujiang, repeatedly defeating the enemy; Zicheng fled and died, and Ajige beheaded his general Liu Zongmin and took Song Xiance prisoner. Zongmin was a fierce general of Zicheng's; Xiance was the man Zicheng relied on and trusted, called his military adviser. Edit
The Ming general Zuo Liangyu's son Zuo Menggeng was then stationed at Jiujiang; when the army arrived, he seized the Governor-General Yuan Jixian and others, and led a hundred thousand cavalry and infantry and tens of thousands of boats to the army gate to surrender. In this campaign there were thirteen battles in all, and the prefectures and counties taken were: twelve in Henan, thirty-nine in Huguang, and six each in Jiangxi and Jiangnan. When news of victory was heard, the emperor sent a man to the army to comfort and reward them, and decreed: "The prince and the officers and men in the ranks have galloped and trudged over steep cliffs and lofty ridges, deep rivers and great streams, more than ten thousand li, with great toil and great merit. The bandit menace has been quieted, and the army should return at once. As to the surrendered troops that remain, whether they are kept or disbanded, let the prince consult with the high officials and carry it out." Before the edict arrived, Ajige led his army back to the capital. Dorgon, Prince Rui of the First Rank, rebuked Ajige for returning without waiting for the edict, and also that, before Zicheng was dead, he had first reported him dead, and he sent men to list his crimes; and, sitting under a canopy at the Meridian Gate, he summoned and reproved him. On re-deliberation, for coercing, when the army set out, the Governor of Xuanfu Li Jian into releasing Zhu Shoucuo, Circuit Intendant of Chicheng, who was under arrest and questioning, and for seizing without authority horses of the Ordos and Tumote, he was reduced to prince of the Second Rank. Soon it was restored. In the fifth year he suppressed local bandits at Tianjin and Cao County. In the eleventh month he led troops to be stationed at Datong; Jiang Xiang rebelled, and he supervised the troops in campaigning against him. Soon he was appointed Grand General Who Pacifies the West, and led the gushan ejen Bayan and others against Xiang. In the sixth year, Xiang's general Liu Qian invaded Dai Department, and Boluo was sent to relieve it, and the siege was lifted. Edit
Dorgon came to Datong to inspect the army; at that time two consorts of Ajige died of illness, and he was ordered to go home to see to them, but Ajige said: "The Prince Regent personally handles the great affairs of government and has no leisure from the business of state; how dare I let affairs of state lapse because my wife has died?" Ajige, regarding himself as having much merit, said to Dorgon: "The assisting regent, Prince De Yu of the First Rank, pursued the roving bandits as far as Qingdu, and then hid himself in a remote place; when he broke Tongguan and Xi'an he did not wipe out their forces, and when he pursued Tengjisi he did not take him; his achievements are not conspicuous, and his son ought not to be favoured. Prince Zheng is the son of an uncle, and ought not to be called 'Uncle Prince'. I am a son of Taizu and an uncle of the emperor, and ought to be called 'Uncle Prince'." Dorgon rebuked him for his recklessness and ordered him not to meddle in the business of the ministries or to associate with Chinese officials. Soon, with Gong'adai again, he attacked Datong; it happened that the surrendering general Yang Zhenwei beheaded Xiang and surrendered, and he tore down five feet of the parapet of the city wall, and then returned. In the first month of the eighth year Dorgon died at Kala City; Ajige went to the place of mourning, and the princes came to mourn at night, but he alone did not come; he summoned his son Laoqin, a prince of the Second Rank, and used troops to coerce Dorgon's subordinates into attaching themselves to him. When the coffin returned, the emperor went out to meet it, and Ajige did not take off his sword. When Laoqin's troops arrived, Ajige raised a banner and joined forces with him. Dorgon's attendants denounced Ajige as wishing to make rebellion, and Ji'erhalang, Prince Zheng of the First Rank, and others sent men to watch him on the road. After he returned to the capital, it was proposed to strip him of his rank and confine him. After a month, a renewed proposal was to hold him in a separate room, confiscate his household, and demote all his sons to commoners. In the tenth month the guards reported that Ajige was going to set a fire in the place where he was held, and he was granted death. Edit
Ajige had eleven sons, of whom three held rank: Hedu, Fulehe and Laoqin. Hedu was enfeoffed as beizi and died earlier. Laoqin was granted death together with Ajige. Edit
Fulehe was at first enfeoffed as Duke Who Guards the State. On account of an offence he was stripped of his rank and struck from the clan register. In the eighteenth year an edict declared Fulehe innocent and restored him to the clan register. In the first year of Kangxi he was posthumously made Duke Who Guards the State. His sons Gouzi and Chuokedu were both enfeoffed as Dukes Who Assist the State. Chuokedu served Shengzu. He followed Dong'e in campaigning against Wang Fuchen, guarded Hanzhong and attacked Qin Department, but the army achieved no merit. He was appointed General of Shengjing and, as he was also unfit for the post, was stripped of his rank. The emperor, recording Ajige's merit, had his son Puzhao inherit still as Duke Who Assists the State; he was stripped of his rank for an offence, and Puzhao's younger brother Jingzhao inherited still as Duke Who Assists the State. In the Yongzheng period, Puzhao also had his rank restored for military merit, and died. Shizong decreed: "Puzhao gave service at the front, and moreover his elder brother's daughter was the wife of Nian Gengyao, so I specially gave him the rank. Now that Gengyao has betrayed favour and been put to death, this rank need not be inherited." After some years Jingzhao too was found guilty of an offence and stripped of his rank. Puzhao and Jingzhao were both able poets. In the forty-third year of Qianlong, it was ordered that Ajige's descendants all be restored to the clan register. Jingzhao's sons and grandsons were reduced one degree at each succession and inherited as Generals by Grace. Edit
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Source: 清史稿 卷二百一十七 列传四 诸王三 (Draft History of Qing, juan 217, Biographies 4: Princes 3)
Wikipedia: Ajige · Chinese Wikipedia: 阿濟格 · Baidu Baike: 阿济格 (an article of the same name, not checked to be him)
Source
From the historical record: the notes below say where · qing-zongshi-01535
Notes (2)
- [Source] 清史稿 卷一百六十二 表二 皇子世表二 Draft History of Qing, juan 162, Table 2: Genealogical Table of the Emperors' Sons 2
- [Collation note] 表云：「太祖第十二子。天命十一年，以功封貝勒。崇德元年，以功晉武英郡王。順治元年，晉英親王。八年，以罪處死，其子孫降為庶人。尋以其次子傅勒赫無罪，仍入宗室。乾隆四十三年，將其後人伯爾遜等各支子孫列入宗譜。」 The table: “Twelfth son of Taizu. In Tianming 11 (1626), for merit, made Beile. In Chongde 1 (1636), for merit, promoted to Prince Wuying of the Second Rank. In Shunzhi 1 (1644), promoted to Prince Ying of the First Rank. In Shunzhi 8 (1651), for an offence, put to death, his descendants were made commoners. Soon after, as his second son Fùlèhè was guiltless, they were restored to the imperial clan. In Qianlong 43 (1778), the descendants of every branch of his line, Bó’ěrxùn and the others, were entered in the clan register.”