旦 Dàn

Gen. 11 male son #8 睿宗玄真大聖大興孝皇帝 Ruizong (posthumous title: Xuanzhen Dasheng Daxing Xiao Huangdi)

Biography

OriginalEnglish

睿宗

睿宗玄真大聖大興孝皇帝諱旦,高宗第八子也。始封殷王,領冀州大都督、單于大都護。長而溫恭好學,通詁訓,工草隸書。徙封豫王,又封冀王,累遷右金吾衞大將軍、洛州牧。徙封相王,復封豫王。武后廢中宗,立為皇帝,其改國號周,以為皇嗣,居于東宮。中宗自房州還,復為皇太子,武后封皇嗣為相王,授太子右衞率。累遷右羽林衞大將軍、幷州牧、安北大都護、諸道元帥。中宗復位,進號安國相王。

景雲元年六月壬午,韋皇后弒中宗,矯詔立溫王重茂為皇太子。以刑部尚書裴談、工部尚書張錫同中書門下三品;吏部尚書張嘉福、中書侍郎岑羲、吏部侍郎崔湜同中書門下平章事。發諸府兵五萬屯京師,以韋溫總知內外兵馬。甲申,乃發喪。又矯遺詔,自立為皇太后。皇太子即皇帝位,以睿宗參謀政事,大赦,改元曰唐隆。太后臨朝攝政,罷睿宗參謀政事,以為太尉。封嗣雍王守禮為邠王,壽春郡王成器宋王。丁亥,溫王妃陸氏為皇后。壬辰,紀處訥、張嘉福、岑羲持節巡撫關內、河南北。

庚子,臨淄郡王隆基率萬騎兵入北軍討亂,誅韋氏、安樂公主及韋巨源、馬秦客、駙馬都尉武延秀、光祿少卿楊均。辛丑,睿宗奉皇帝御安福門,大赦。賜文武官階、勳、爵,免天下歲租之半。進封隆基為平王。朝邑尉劉幽求為中書舍人,苑總監鍾紹京為中書侍郎:參知機務。壬寅,紹京及黃門侍郎李日知同中書門下三品。紀處訥、韋溫、宗楚客、將作大匠宗晉卿、司農卿趙履溫伏誅。貶汴王邕為沁州刺史,蕭至忠許州刺史,韋嗣立宋州刺史,趙彥昭絳州刺史,崔湜華州刺史。癸卯,太白晝見。平王隆基同中書門下三品,鍾紹京行中書令。張嘉福伏誅。

Ruizong

Ruizong (posthumous title: Xuanzhen Dasheng Daxing Xiao Huangdi), whose personal name was Dan, was the eighth son of Gaozong. He was first enfeoffed as Prince of Yin and held the posts of Grand Area Commander-in-chief of Jizhou and Grand Protector-general of Chanyu. Grown up, he was mild, respectful and fond of learning; he was versed in the glosses and exegesis of the classics and skilled in cursive and clerical script. He was moved to the fief of Prince of Yu, then made Prince of Ji, and rose through successive posts to General-in-Chief of the Right Imperial Insignia Guard and Governor of Luozhou. He was moved to the fief of Prince of Xiang, and then made Prince of Yu again. When Empress Wu deposed Zhongzong, she set him up as emperor; when she changed the name of the dynasty to Zhou, she made him Imperial Heir, and he lived in the Eastern Palace. When Zhongzong returned from Fang Prefecture and became Heir Apparent once more, Empress Wu made the Imperial Heir Prince of Xiang and gave him the post of Commandant of the Right Guard of the Heir Apparent. He rose through successive posts to General-in-Chief of the Right Forest of Feathers Guard, Governor of Bingzhou, Grand Protector-general of Anbei and Generalissimo of All Circuits. When Zhongzong was restored to the throne, his title was raised to Prince of Xiang Who Pacified the State. Edit

On the renwu day of the sixth month of the first year of Jingyun, Empress Wei murdered Zhongzong and, by a forged edict, set up Chongmao, Prince of Wen, as Heir Apparent. Pei Tan, Minister of Justice, and Zhang Xi, Minister of Works, were made Jointly of the Third Rank with the Secretariat-Chancellery; Zhang Jiafu, Minister of Personnel, Cen Xi, Vice Director of the Secretariat, and Cui Shi, Vice Minister of Personnel, were made Joint Managers of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Fifty thousand troops of the garrison militia were called up and stationed in the capital, and Wei Wen was put in general charge of the troops and horses inside and outside the capital. On the jiashen day the death was at last announced. By another forged testamentary edict she made herself Empress Dowager. The Heir Apparent took the imperial throne; Ruizong was made to take part in counsel on affairs of government; there was a general amnesty, and the era name was changed to Tanglong. The Empress Dowager attended court and acted as regent; she removed Ruizong from taking part in counsel on government and made him Grand Commandant. Shouli, heir Prince of Yong, was enfeoffed as Prince of Bin, and Chengqi, Prince of Shouchun Commandery, as Prince of Song. On the dinghai day Lady Lu, consort of the Prince of Wen, was made Empress. On the renchen day Ji Chuna, Zhang Jiafu and Cen Xi, bearing credentials, went to tour and pacify the region within the passes and the regions south and north of the Yellow River. Edit

On the gengzi day Longji, Prince of Linzi Commandery, led the Myriad Cavalry into the Northern Army to put down the disorder, and executed the Wei clan, the Princess of Anle, and Wei Juyuan, Ma Qinke, Wu Yanxiu the Commandant-escort and Imperial Son-in-law, and Yang Jun, Vice Minister of the Court of Imperial Entertainments. On the xinchou day Ruizong attended the emperor to the Anfu Gate, and there was a general amnesty. Civil and military officials were granted official ranks, merit ranks and noble titles, and half of the year's land tax throughout the empire was remitted. Longji's fief was raised to Prince of Ping. Liu Youqiu, Sheriff of Chaoyi, was made Secretariat Drafter, and Zhong Shaojing, Director-general of the Parks, Vice Director of the Secretariat; both took part in the management of confidential affairs. On the renyin day Shaojing and Li Rizhi, Vice Director of the Chancellery, were made Jointly of the Third Rank with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Ji Chuna, Wei Wen, Zong Chuke, Zong Jinqing the Director of the Palace Buildings, and Zhao Lüwen, Chief Minister of the Court of the National Granaries, were executed. Yong, Prince of Bian, was demoted to Prefect of Qinzhou, Xiao Zhizhong to Prefect of Xuzhou, Wei Sili to Prefect of Songzhou, Zhao Yanzhao to Prefect of Jiangzhou, and Cui Shi to Prefect of Huazhou. On the guimao day Venus was seen in the daytime. Longji, Prince of Ping, was made Jointly of the Third Rank with the Secretariat-Chancellery, and Zhong Shaojing acting Director of the Secretariat. Zhang Jiafu was executed. Edit

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甲辰,安國相王即皇帝位于承天門,大赦,長流、長任及流人未達者還之。賜內外官階、爵。復重茂為溫王。乙巳,鍾紹京罷。丙午,太常少卿薛稷為黃門侍郎,參豫機務。丁未,立平王隆基為皇太子。復則天大聖皇后號曰天后。戊申,許州刺史姚元之為兵部尚書、同中書門下三品。韋嗣立、蕭至忠為中書令,趙彥昭為中書侍郎,崔湜為吏部侍郎:同中書門下平章事。

七月庚戌,進封衡陽郡王成義為申王,巴陵郡王隆範岐王,彭城郡王隆業薛王。癸丑,兵部尚書崔日用為黃門侍郎,參豫機務。丁巳,洛州長史宋璟檢校吏部尚書、同中書門下三品。岑羲罷。壬戌,貶蕭至忠為晉州刺史,韋嗣立許州刺史,趙彥昭宋州刺史,張錫絳州刺史。崔湜罷。丙寅,貶李嶠為懷州刺史。姚元之兼中書令,蘇瓌為尚書左僕射。丁卯,唐休璟、張仁亶罷。己巳,大赦,改元,賜內外官及子為父後者勳一轉。崔日用、薛稷罷。乙亥,廢崇恩廟、昊陵、順陵。追廢皇后韋氏為庶人,安樂公主為勃逆庶人。

八月庚寅,譙王重福及汴州刺史鄭愔反,伏誅。癸巳,罷墨敕斜封官。貶裴談為蒲州刺史。

九月辛未,太子少師致仕唐休璟為朔方道行軍大總管,以備突厥。

十月乙未,追號天后曰大聖天后。癸卯,出義宗于太廟。

十一月戊申,姚元之為中書令。己酉,葬孝和皇帝于定陵。壬子,蘇瓌、韋安石罷。宋王成器為尚書左僕射。丁卯,赦靈駕所過。己巳,宋王成器為司徒。

二年正月己未,太僕卿郭元振、中書侍郎張說同中書門下平章事。甲子,徙封重茂為襄王。乙丑,追冊妃劉氏、竇氏為皇后。

二月丁丑,皇太子監國。甲申,貶姚元之為申州刺史,宋璟楚州刺史。丙戌,太子少保韋安石為侍中。劉幽求罷。復墨敕斜封官。辛卯,禁屠。

三月癸丑,作金仙、玉真觀。

四月甲申,韋安石為中書令。宋王成器罷。辛卯,李日知為侍中。壬寅,大赦,賜文武官階、勳、爵,民酺三日。甲辰,作玄元皇帝廟。

五月庚戌,復昊陵、順陵,置官屬。壬戌,殿中監竇懷貞為左御史臺大夫、同中書門下平章事。

八月乙卯,大赦,賜酺三日。丁巳,皇太子釋奠于國學。庚午,韋安石為尚書左僕射、同中書門下三品。

九月乙亥,竇懷貞為侍中。

十月甲辰,吏部尚書劉幽求為侍中,右散騎常侍魏知古,太子詹事崔湜為中書侍郎:同中書門下三品;中書侍郎陸象先同中書門下平章事。韋安石、李日知、郭元振、竇懷貞、張說罷。

十二月丁未,作潑寒胡戲。

先天元年正月辛未,享于太廟。甲戌,幷、汾、絳三州地震。辛巳,有事于南郊。戊子,耕籍田。己丑,大赦,改元曰太極。賜內外官階、爵,民酺五日。版授九十以上下州刺史,八十以上上州司馬。辛卯,幸安福門,觀酺三日夜。壬辰,陸象先同中書門下三品。乙未,戶部尚書岑羲、左御史臺大夫竇懷貞同中書門下三品。

二月丁巳,皇太子釋奠于國學。

是春,旱。

五月戊寅,有事于北郊。辛巳,大赦,改元曰延和。賜內外官陪禮者勳一轉,民酺五日。

六月癸丑,岑羲為侍中。乙卯,追號大聖天后為天后聖帝。辛酉,刑部尚書郭元振為朔方道行軍大總管,以伐突厥。甲子,幽州都督孫佺、左驍衞將軍李楷洛、左威衞將軍周以悌及奚戰于冷陘山,敗績。

七月辛未,有彗星入于太微。兵部尚書李迥秀為朔方道後軍大總管。乙亥,竇懷貞為尚書右僕射、平章軍國重事。己卯,幸安福門觀樂,三日而止。丙戌,以旱減膳。

八月庚子,立皇太子為皇帝,以聽小事;自尊為太上皇,以聽大事。壬寅,追號天后聖帝為聖后。甲辰,大赦,改元,賜內外官及五品以上子為父後者勳、爵,民酺五日。丁未,立皇太子妃王氏為皇后。戊申,封皇帝子嗣直為郯王,嗣謙郢王。己酉,宋王成器為司徒。庚戌,竇懷貞為尚書左僕射,劉幽求守尚書右僕射:同中書門下三品;魏知古為侍中,崔湜檢校中書令。戊午,流劉幽求于封州。

九月丁卯朔,日有食之。甲午,封皇帝子嗣昇為陝王。

十月辛卯,獵于驪山。

十一月丁亥,誥遣皇帝巡邊。甲午,幽州都督宋璟為左軍大總管,幷州長史薛訥為中軍大總管,兵部尚書郭元振為右軍大總管。

On the jiachen day the Prince of Xiang Who Pacified the State took the imperial throne at the Chengtian Gate. There was a general amnesty; those exiled for life, those assigned for life to distant posts, and exiles who had not yet reached their places of exile were brought back. Officials inside and outside the capital were granted official ranks and noble titles. Chongmao was made Prince of Wen again. On the yisi day Zhong Shaojing was dismissed. On the bingwu day Xue Ji, Vice Minister of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, was made Vice Director of the Chancellery and took part in the management of confidential affairs. On the dingwei day Longji, Prince of Ping, was made Heir Apparent. The title of Empress Zetian Dasheng was restored as Heavenly Empress. On the wushen day Yao Yuanzhi, Prefect of Xuzhou, was made Minister of War and Jointly of the Third Rank with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Wei Sili and Xiao Zhizhong were made Directors of the Secretariat, Zhao Yanzhao Vice Director of the Secretariat, and Cui Shi Vice Minister of Personnel; all were made Joint Managers of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit

On the gengxu day of the seventh month Chengyi, Prince of Hengyang Commandery, was raised to Prince of Shen; Longfan, Prince of Baling Commandery, to Prince of Qi; and Longye, Prince of Pengcheng Commandery, to Prince of Xue. On the guichou day Cui Riyong, Minister of War, was made Vice Director of the Chancellery and took part in the management of confidential affairs. On the dingsi day Song Jing, Administrator of Luozhou, was made Acting Minister of Personnel and Jointly of the Third Rank with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Cen Xi was dismissed. On the renxu day Xiao Zhizhong was demoted to Prefect of Jinzhou, Wei Sili to Prefect of Xuzhou, Zhao Yanzhao to Prefect of Songzhou, and Zhang Xi to Prefect of Jiangzhou. Cui Shi was dismissed. On the bingyin day Li Qiao was demoted to Prefect of Huaizhou. Yao Yuanzhi concurrently became Director of the Secretariat, and Su Gui was made Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs. On the dingmao day Tang Xiujing and Zhang Rendan were dismissed. On the jisi day there was a general amnesty and the era name was changed; officials inside and outside the capital, and sons who were their fathers' heirs, were granted one grade of merit rank. Cui Riyong and Xue Ji were dismissed. On the yihai day the Chong'en Temple and the Hao and Shun Mausoleums were abolished. The late Empress Wei was posthumously degraded to commoner, and the Princess of Anle to Rebellious Commoner. Edit

On the gengyin day of the eighth month Chongfu, Prince of Qiao, and Zheng Yin, Prefect of Bianzhou, rebelled and were executed. On the guisi day the officials appointed by ink-written edicts in slant-sealed envelopes were dismissed. Pei Tan was demoted to Prefect of Puzhou. Edit

On the xinwei day of the ninth month Tang Xiujing, retired Junior Preceptor of the Heir Apparent, was made Grand Area Commander of the Expeditionary Army of Shuofang Circuit, to guard against the Turks. Edit

On the yiwei day of the tenth month the Heavenly Empress was given the posthumous title Dasheng Heavenly Empress. On the guimao day the tablet of Yizong was removed from the Imperial Ancestral Temple. Edit

On the wushen day of the eleventh month Yao Yuanzhi was made Director of the Secretariat. On the jiyou day Emperor Xiaohe was buried in the Ding Mausoleum. On the renzi day Su Gui and Wei Anshi were dismissed. Chengqi, Prince of Song, was made Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs. On the dingmao day the places through which the funeral cortege had passed were pardoned. On the jisi day Chengqi, Prince of Song, was made Grand Minister of Education. Edit

On the jiwei day of the first month of the second year, Guo Yuanzhen, Chief Minister of the Court of the Imperial Stud, and Zhang Yue, Vice Director of the Secretariat, were made Joint Managers of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. On the jiazi day Chongmao was moved to the fief of Prince of Xiang. On the yichou day the consorts Lady Liu and Lady Dou were posthumously invested as empresses. Edit

On the dingchou day of the second month the Heir Apparent acted as regent of the state. On the jiashen day Yao Yuanzhi was demoted to Prefect of Shenzhou and Song Jing to Prefect of Chuzhou. On the bingxu day Wei Anshi, Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, was made Director of the Chancellery. Liu Youqiu was dismissed. The officials appointed by ink-written edicts in slant-sealed envelopes were restored. On the xinmao day the slaughter of animals was banned. Edit

On the guichou day of the third month the Jinxian and Yuzhen Daoist abbeys were built. Edit

On the jiashen day of the fourth month Wei Anshi was made Director of the Secretariat. Chengqi, Prince of Song, was dismissed. On the xinmao day Li Rizhi was made Director of the Chancellery. On the renyin day there was a general amnesty; civil and military officials were granted official ranks, merit ranks and noble titles, and the people were granted three days of feasting. On the jiachen day a temple to the Emperor Xuanyuan was built. Edit

On the gengxu day of the fifth month the Hao and Shun Mausoleums were restored, and officials were appointed to them. On the renxu day Dou Huaizhen, Director of the Palace Administration, was made Grand Master of the Left Censorate and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit

On the yimao day of the eighth month there was a general amnesty, and three days of feasting were granted. On the dingsi day the Heir Apparent made the offering to the former sages at the State Academy. On the gengwu day Wei Anshi was made Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs and Jointly of the Third Rank with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit

On the yihai day of the ninth month Dou Huaizhen was made Director of the Chancellery. Edit

On the jiachen day of the tenth month Liu Youqiu, Minister of Personnel, was made Director of the Chancellery; Wei Zhigu, Right Cavalier Attendant-in-ordinary, and Cui Shi, Supervisor of the Household of the Heir Apparent, were made Vice Directors of the Secretariat; all three were made Jointly of the Third Rank with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Lu Xiangxian, Vice Director of the Secretariat, was made Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Wei Anshi, Li Rizhi, Guo Yuanzhen, Dou Huaizhen and Zhang Yue were dismissed. Edit

On the dingwei day of the twelfth month the barbarian cold-water-splashing performance was staged. Edit

On the xinwei day of the first month of the first year of Xiantian, the emperor sacrificed at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On the jiaxu day there was an earthquake in the three prefectures of Bing, Fen and Jiang. On the xinsi day he performed the sacrifice at the southern suburb. On the wuzi day he ploughed the sacred field. On the jichou day there was a general amnesty and the era name was changed to Taiji. Officials inside and outside the capital were granted official ranks and noble titles, and the people were granted five days of feasting. Those over ninety were given honorary appointments as prefects of lower prefectures, and those over eighty as administrators of upper prefectures. On the xinmao day he went to the Anfu Gate and watched the feasting for three days and nights. On the renchen day Lu Xiangxian was made Jointly of the Third Rank with the Secretariat-Chancellery. On the yiwei day Cen Xi, Minister of Revenue, and Dou Huaizhen, Grand Master of the Left Censorate, were made Jointly of the Third Rank with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit

On the dingsi day of the second month the Heir Apparent made the offering to the former sages at the State Academy. Edit

That spring there was drought. Edit

On the wuyin day of the fifth month the emperor performed the sacrifice at the northern suburb. On the xinsi day there was a general amnesty and the era name was changed to Yanhe. Officials inside and outside the capital who had attended the rites were granted one grade of merit rank, and the people were granted five days of feasting. Edit

On the guichou day of the sixth month Cen Xi was made Director of the Chancellery. On the yimao day the Dasheng Heavenly Empress was given the posthumous title Heavenly Empress and Sage Emperor. On the xinyou day Guo Yuanzhen, Minister of Justice, was made Grand Area Commander of the Expeditionary Army of Shuofang Circuit, to attack the Turks. On the jiazi day Sun Quan, Area Commander-in-chief of Youzhou, Li Kailuo, General of the Left Valiant Guard, and Zhou Yiti, General of the Left Awesome Guard, fought the Xi at Mount Lengxing and were defeated. Edit

On the xinwei day of the seventh month a comet entered the Taiwei enclosure. Li Jiongxiu, Minister of War, was made Grand Area Commander of the Rear Army of Shuofang Circuit. On the yihai day Dou Huaizhen was made Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs and Manager of Important Military and State Affairs. On the jimao day the emperor went to the Anfu Gate to watch music, and stopped after three days. On the bingxu day, because of the drought, he reduced the dishes at his meals. Edit

On the gengzi day of the eighth month he set up the Heir Apparent as emperor, to decide minor matters, and gave himself the title Retired Emperor, to decide major matters. On the renyin day the Heavenly Empress and Sage Emperor was given the posthumous title Sage Empress. On the jiachen day there was a general amnesty and the era name was changed; officials inside and outside the capital, and the sons of officials of the fifth rank and above who were their fathers' heirs, were granted merit ranks and noble titles, and the people were granted five days of feasting. On the dingwei day Lady Wang, consort of the Heir Apparent, was made Empress. On the wushen day the emperor's sons Sizhi and Siqian were enfeoffed as Prince of Tan and Prince of Ying. On the jiyou day Chengqi, Prince of Song, was made Grand Minister of Education. On the gengxu day Dou Huaizhen was made Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs and Liu Youqiu probationary Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, both Jointly of the Third Rank with the Secretariat-Chancellery; Wei Zhigu was made Director of the Chancellery and Cui Shi Acting Director of the Secretariat. On the wuwu day Liu Youqiu was exiled to Fengzhou. Edit

On the dingmao day, the first of the ninth month, there was an eclipse of the sun. On the jiawu day the emperor's son Sisheng was enfeoffed as Prince of Shan. Edit

On the xinmao day of the tenth month the Retired Emperor hunted at Mount Li. Edit

On the dinghai day of the eleventh month, by his decree, the Retired Emperor sent the emperor to tour the frontier. On the jiawu day Song Jing, Area Commander-in-chief of Youzhou, was made Grand Area Commander of the Left Army; Xue Ne, Administrator of Bingzhou, Grand Area Commander of the Central Army; and Guo Yuanzhen, Minister of War, Grand Area Commander of the Right Army. Edit

The English was translated from the original by an AI, not checked sentence by sentence by a person, and is for reference; where it differs from the original, the original is right. Names are in pinyin. If a sentence is wrong, use “Edit” after the paragraph to correct it - no need to sign in.

Source: 新唐书 卷五 本纪第五 睿宗 玄宗 (New Book of Tang, juan 5, Annals 5: Ruizong, Xuanzong)

Ancestry

  1. 暠 GǎoG1
  2. 歆 XīnG2
  3. 重耳 Chóng'ěrG3
  4. 熙 XīG4
  5. 天賜 TiāncìG5
  6. 虎 HǔG6
  7. 昺 BǐngG7
  8. 淵 YuānG8
  9. 世民 ShìmínG9
  10. 治 ZhìG10
  11. 旦 Dàn

Father: 治 Zhì

Children (5)

Source

From the historical record: the notes below say where · tang-zongshi-00030

Notes (2)
  • [Source] 新唐书 卷五 本纪第五 睿宗 玄宗 New Book of Tang, juan 5, Annals 5: Ruizong, Xuanzong
  • [Collation note] 本纪:「睿宗玄真大聖大興孝皇帝諱旦,高宗第八子也。」 The annals: “Ruizong (posthumous title: Xuanzhen Dasheng Daxing Xiao Huangdi), personal name Dàn, was the eighth son of Gaozong.”