淵 Yuān
Biography
高祖神堯大聖大光孝皇帝諱淵，字叔德，姓李氏，隴西成紀人也。其七世祖暠，當晉末，據秦、涼以自王，是為涼武昭王。暠生歆，歆為沮渠蒙遜所滅。歆生重耳，魏弘農太守。重耳生熙，金門鎮將，戍于武川，因留家焉。熙生天賜，為幢主。天賜生虎，西魏時，賜姓大野氏，官至太尉，與李弼等八人佐周代魏有功，皆為柱國，號「八柱國家」。周閔帝受魏禪，虎已卒，乃追錄其功，封唐國公，謚曰襄。襄公生昞，襲封唐公，周安州總管、柱國大將軍，卒，謚曰仁。
仁公生高祖於長安，體有三乳，性寬仁，襲封唐公。隋文帝獨孤皇后，高祖之從母也，以故文帝與高祖相親愛。文帝相周，復高祖姓李氏，以為千牛備身，事隋譙、隴二州刺史。
大業中，歷岐州刺史、滎陽樓煩二郡太守，召為殿內少監、衞尉少卿。煬帝征遼東，遣高祖督運糧於懷遠鎮。楊玄感將反，其兄弟從征遼者皆逃歸，高祖先覺以聞，煬帝遽班師，以高祖為弘化留守以禦玄感，詔關右諸郡兵皆受高祖節度。
是時，隋政荒，天下大亂，煬帝多以猜忌殺戮大臣。嘗以事召高祖，高祖遇疾，不時謁。高祖有甥王氏在後宮，煬帝問之，王氏對以疾，煬帝曰：「可得死否？」高祖聞之益懼，因縱酒納賂以自晦。
十一年，拜山西河東慰撫大使，擊龍門賊母端兒，射七十發皆中，賊敗去，而斂其尸以築京觀，盡得其箭於其尸。又擊絳州賊柴保昌，降其眾數萬人。突厥犯塞，高祖與馬邑太守王仁恭擊之，隋兵少，不敵。高祖選精騎二千為游軍，居處飯食隨水草如突厥，而射獵馳騁示以閒暇，別選善射者伏為奇兵。虜見高祖，疑不敢戰，高祖乘而擊之，突厥敗走。
Gaozu (posthumous title: Shenyao Dasheng Daguang Xiao Huangdi) was named Yuan, styled Shude, of the Li surname, a man of Chengji in Longxi. His ancestor seven generations back, Li Gao, at the end of the Jin seized Qin and Liang and made himself king there; he was Prince Wuzhao of Liang. Gao begot Xin, and Xin was destroyed by Juqu Mengxun. Xin begot Chong'er, Governor of Hongnong under the Wei. Chong'er begot Xi, Garrison General of Jinmen, who was posted to guard Wuchuan and so settled his family there. Xi begot Tianci, who was a Banner Commander. Tianci begot Hu, who under the Western Wei was granted the surname Daye and rose in office to Grand Commandant; he and Li Bi and others, eight men in all, had merit in helping the Zhou replace the Wei, and all were made Pillars of State, called "the Eight Pillar-of-State Families." When Emperor Min of Zhou received the abdication of the Wei, Hu was already dead, so his merit was recorded posthumously and he was enfeoffed as Duke of the State of Tang, with the posthumous name Xiang. Duke Xiang begot Bing, who inherited the fief as Duke of Tang and served the Zhou as Area Commander of Anzhou (Northern Zhou) and Pillar of State and General-in-Chief; when he died he was given the posthumous name Ren. Edit
Duke Ren begot Gaozu at Chang'an. His body had three nipples. He was by nature generous and kind, and he inherited the fief as Duke of Tang. Empress Dugu, the consort of Emperor Wen of Sui, was Gaozu's maternal aunt, and for this reason Emperor Wen and Gaozu were close and fond of each other. When Emperor Wen was chief minister of the Zhou, he restored Gaozu's surname of Li and made him a Personal Guardsman. Under the Sui he served as Prefect of the two prefectures of Qiao and Long. Edit
In the Daye era he served in turn as Prefect of Qizhou and Governor of the two commanderies of Xingyang and Loufan, and was summoned to be Vice Director of the Palace Administration and Vice Minister of the Court of the Imperial Regalia. When Emperor Yang campaigned in Liaodong, he sent Gaozu to oversee the transport of grain at Huaiyuan Garrison. When Yang Xuangan was about to rebel, his brothers who were with the Liaodong campaign all fled home. Gaozu was the first to see what this meant and reported it, and Emperor Yang hastily withdrew his army. He made Gaozu Regent of Honghua to hold off Xuangan, and decreed that the troops of all the commanderies west of the passes should take their orders from Gaozu. Edit
At this time the government of the Sui was in ruins and the empire in great disorder, and Emperor Yang, out of suspicion, put many high ministers to death. He once summoned Gaozu on some business, but Gaozu was ill and did not present himself in time. Gaozu had a niece, a lady of the Wang family, in the rear palace, and Emperor Yang asked her about him. Lady Wang answered that he was ill. Emperor Yang said, "Is he likely to die?" When Gaozu heard of this he was even more afraid, and so he gave himself to drink and took bribes to hide what he was. Edit
In the eleventh year he was appointed Pacification Commissioner for Shanxi and Hedong. He attacked the bandit Mu Duan'er of Longmen; he shot seventy arrows and every one found its mark. The bandits were defeated and fled, and he gathered their corpses to build a mound of victory, and recovered all his arrows from the bodies. He also attacked the bandit Chai Baochang of Jiang Prefecture and received the surrender of his followers, several tens of thousands of men. The Turks raided the frontier, and Gaozu and Wang Rengong, Governor of Mayi, attacked them, but the Sui troops were few and no match for them. Gaozu chose two thousand picked horsemen as a mobile force. They lived and ate as the Turks did, moving with the water and grass, and rode and hunted to show that they were at their ease, while he chose good archers separately to lie in ambush as a surprise force. When the enemy saw Gaozu, they were unsure of him and did not dare to fight; Gaozu took the chance to attack them, and the Turks were defeated and fled. Edit
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十三年，拜太原留守，擊高陽歷山飛賊甄翟兒于西河，破之。是時，煬帝南遊江都，天下盜起。高祖子世民知隋必亡，陰結豪傑，招納亡命，與晉陽令劉文靜謀舉大事。計已決，而高祖未之知，欲以情告，懼不見聽。高祖留守太原，領晉陽宮監，而所善客裴寂為副監，世民陰與寂謀，寂因選晉陽宮人私侍高祖。高祖過寂飲酒，酒酣從容，寂具以大事告之，高祖大驚。寂曰：「正為宮人奉公，事發當誅，為此爾。」世民因亦入白其事，高祖初陽不許，欲執世民送官，已而許之，曰：「吾愛汝，豈忍告汝邪？」然未有以發。而所在盜賊益多，突厥數犯邊，高祖兵出無功，煬帝遣使者執高祖詣江都，高祖大懼。世民曰：「事急矣，可舉事！」已而煬帝復馳使者赦止高祖，其事遂已。
是時，劉武周起馬邑，林士弘起豫章，劉元進起晉安，皆稱皇帝；朱粲起南陽，號楚帝；李子通起海陵，號楚王；邵江海據岐州，號新平王；薛舉起金城，號西秦霸王；郭子和起榆林，號永樂王；竇建德起河間，號長樂王，王須拔起恆、定，號漫天王；汪華起新安，杜伏威起淮南，皆號吳王；李密起鞏，號魏公；王德仁起鄴，號太公；左才相起齊郡，號博山公；羅藝據幽州，左難當據涇，馮盎據高、羅，皆號總管；梁師都據朔方，號大丞相；孟海公據曹州，號錄事；周文舉據淮陽，號柳葉軍；高開道據北平，張長愻據五原，周洮據上洛，楊士林據山南，徐圓朗據兗州，楊仲達據豫州，張善相據伊、汝，王要漢據汴州，時德叡據尉氏，李義滿據平陵，綦公順據青、萊，淳于難據文登，徐師順據任城，蔣弘度據東海，王薄據齊郡，蔣善合據鄆州，田留安據章丘，張青特據濟北，臧君相據海州，殷恭邃據舒州，周法明據永安，苗海潮據永嘉，梅知巖據宣城，鄧文進據廣州，俚酋楊世略據循、潮，冉安昌據巴東，甯長真據鬱林，其別號諸盜往往屯聚山澤。而劉武周攻汾陽宮，高祖乃集將吏告曰：「今吾為留守，而賊據離宮，縱賊不誅，罪當死。然出兵必待報，今江都隔遠，後期奈何？」將吏皆曰：「國家之利可專者，公也。」高祖曰：「善。」乃募兵，旬日間得眾一萬。副留守虎賁郎將王威、虎牙郎將高君雅見兵大集，疑有變，謀因禱雨晉祠以圖高祖。高祖覺之，乃陰為備。
五月甲子，高祖及威、君雅視事，開陽府司馬劉政會告威、君雅反，即坐上執之。丙寅，突厥犯邊，高祖令軍中曰：「人告威、君雅召突厥，今其果然。」遂殺之以起兵。遣劉文靜使突厥，約連和。
六月己卯，傳檄諸郡，稱義兵，開大將軍府，置三軍。以子建成為隴西公、左領軍大都督，左軍隸焉；世民為燉煌公、右領軍大都督，右軍隸焉；元吉為姑臧公，中軍隸焉。裴寂為長史，劉文靜為司馬，石艾縣長殷開山為掾，劉政會為屬，長孫順德、王長諧、劉弘基、竇琮為統軍。開倉庫賑窮乏。
七月壬子，高祖杖白旗，誓眾於野，有兵三萬，以元吉為太原留守。癸丑，發太原。甲寅，遣將張綸徇下離石、龍泉、文城三郡。丙辰，次靈石，營於賈胡堡。隋虎牙郎將宋老生䤈邑，以拒義師。丙寅，隋鷹揚府司馬李軌起武威，號大涼王。
八月辛巳，敗宋老生于霍邑。丙戌，下臨汾郡。辛卯，克絳郡。癸巳，次龍門，突厥來來逆。
九月戊午，高祖領太尉，加置僚佐。以少牢祀河，乃濟。甲子，次長春宮。丙寅，隴西公建成、劉文靜屯永豐倉，守潼關。燉煌公世民自渭北徇三輔，從父弟神通起兵于鄠，柴氏婦，高祖女也，亦起兵于司竹，皆與世民會。郿賊丘師利李仲文、盩厔賊何潘仁向善思、宜君賊劉炅等皆來降，因略定鄠、杜。壬申，高祖次馮翊。乙亥，燉煌公世民屯阿城，隴西公建成自新豐趨霸上。丙子，高祖自下邽以西，所經隋行宮、苑籞，悉罷之，出宮女還其家。
十月辛巳，次長樂宮，有眾二十萬。隋留守衞文昇等奉代王侑守京城，高祖遣使諭之，不報。乃圍城，下令曰：「犯隋七廟及宗室者，罪三族。」丙申，隋羅山令蕭銑自號梁公。
十一月丙辰，克京城。命主符郎宋公弼收圖籍。約法十二條，殺人、劫盜、背軍、叛者死。癸亥，遙尊隋帝為太上皇，立代王為皇帝。大赦，改元義寧。甲子，高祖入京師，至朝堂，望闕而拜。隋帝授高祖假黃鉞、使持節、大都督內外諸軍事、大丞相、錄尚書事，進封唐王。以武德殿為丞相府，下教曰令，視事于虔化門。
十二月癸未，隋帝贈唐襄公為景王；仁公為元王；夫人竇氏為唐國妃，謚曰穆。以建成為唐國世子；世民為唐國內史，徙封秦國公；元吉為齊國公。丞相府置長史、司錄以下官。趙郡公孝恭徇山南。甲辰，雲陽令詹俊徇巴、蜀。
二年正月丁未，隋帝詔唐王劍履上殿，入朝不趨，贊拜不名，加前後羽葆、鼓吹。戊午，周洮降。戊辰，世子建成為左元帥，秦國公世民為右元帥，徇地東都。
二月己卯，太常卿鄭元璹定樊、鄧，使者馬元規徇荊、襄。
三月己酉，齊國公元吉為太原道行軍元帥。乙卯，世民徙封趙國公。丙辰，隋右屯衞將軍宇文化及弒太上皇于江都，立秦王浩為皇帝。吳興郡守沈法興據丹陽，自稱江南道總管。樂安人盧祖尚據光州，自稱刺史。戊辰，隋帝進唐王位相國，總百揆，備九錫，唐國置丞相等官，立四廟。
四月己卯，張長愻降。辛巳，停竹使符，班銀菟符。
五月乙巳，隋帝命唐王冕十有二旒，建天子旌旗，出警入蹕。甲寅，王德仁降。戊午，隋帝遜于位，以刑部尚書蕭造、司農少卿裴之隱奉皇帝璽紱於唐王，三讓乃受。
武德元年五月甲子，即皇帝位于太極殿。命蕭造兼太尉，告于南郊，大赦，改元。賜百官、庶人爵一級，義師所過給復三年，其餘給復一年。改郡為州，太守為刺史。庚午，太白晝見。隋東都留守元文都及左武衞大將軍王世充立越王侗為皇帝。
六月甲戌，趙國公世民為尚書令，裴寂為尚書右僕射、知政事，劉文靜為納言，隋民部尚書蕭瑀、丞相府司錄參軍竇威為內史令。丙子，太白晝見。己卯，追謚皇高祖曰宣簡公；皇曾祖曰懿王；皇祖曰景皇帝，廟號太祖，祖妣梁氏曰景烈皇后；皇考曰元皇帝，廟號世祖，妣獨孤氏曰元貞皇后；妃竇氏曰穆皇后。庚辰，立世子建成為皇太子，封世民為秦王，元吉齊王。癸未，薛舉寇涇州，秦王世民為西討元帥，劉文靜為司馬。太僕卿宇文明達招慰山東。乙酉，奉隋帝為酅國公，詔曰：「近世時運遷革，前代親族，莫不夷絕。曆數有歸，實惟天命；興亡之效，豈伊人力。前隋蔡王智積等子孫，皆選用之。」癸巳，禁言符瑞者。辛丑，竇威薨。黃門侍郎陳叔達判納言，將作大匠竇抗兼納言。
七月壬子，劉文靜及薛舉戰于涇州，敗績。乙卯，郭子和降。庚申，廢隋離宮。
八月壬申，劉文靜除名。戊寅，約功臣恕死罪。辛巳，薛舉卒。壬午，李軌降。甲申，巖州刺史王德仁殺招慰使宇文明達以反。己丑，秦王世民為西討元帥，以討薛仁杲。庚子，贈隋太常卿高熲上柱國、郯國公，上柱國賀若弼，𣏌國公，司隸大夫薛道衡上開府、臨河縣公，刑部尚書宇文㢸上開府、平昌縣公，左翊衞將軍董純柱國、狄道公，右驍衞將軍李金才上柱國、申國公，左光祿大夫李敏柱國、觀國公。諸遭隋枉殺而子孫被流者，皆還之。
九月乙巳，慮囚。始置軍府。癸丑，改銀菟符為銅魚符。甲寅，秦州總管竇軌及薛仁杲戰，敗績。辛未，宇文化及殺秦王浩，自稱皇帝。
十月壬申朔，日有食之。己卯，李密降。壬午，朱粲陷鄧州，刺史呂子臧死之。乙酉，邵江海降。己亥，盜殺商州刺史泉彥宗。辛丑，大閱。是月，竇抗罷。
十一月，竇建德敗王須拔于幽州，須拔亡入于突厥。乙巳，涼王李軌反。戊申，禁獻侏儒短節、小馬庳牛、異獸奇禽者。己酉，秦王世民敗薛仁杲，執之。癸丑，行軍總管趙慈景攻蒲州，隋刺史堯君素拒戰，執慈景。癸亥，秦王世民俘薛仁杲以獻。
十二月壬申，世民為太尉。丙子，蒲州人殺堯君素，立其將王行本。辛巳，鄭元璹及朱粲戰于商州，敗之。乙酉，如周氏陂。丁亥，至自周氏陂。庚子，光祿卿李密反，伏誅。
是歲，高開道陷漁陽，號燕王。
二年正月甲子，陳叔達兼納言。詔自今正月、五月、九月不行死刑，禁屠殺。丙寅，張善相降。己巳，楊士林降。
二月乙酉，初定租、庸、調法。令文武官終喪。丙戌，州置宗師一人。甲午，赦幷、浩、介、石四州賈胡堡以北繫囚。閏月，竇建德陷邢州，執總管陳君賓。辛丑，竇建德殺宇文化及于聊城。朱粲降。壬寅，皇太子及秦王世民、裴寂巡于畿縣。乙巳，御史大夫段確勞朱粲于菊潭。庚戌，微行，察風俗。乙卯，以穀貴，禁關內屠酤。左屯衞將軍何潘仁及山賊張子惠戰于司竹，死之。丁巳，慮囚。庚申，驍騎將軍趙欽、王娑羅及山賊戰于盩厔，死之。丁卯，王世充陷殷州，陟州刺史李育德死之。
三月甲戌，王薄降。庚辰，蔣弘度、徐師順降。丁亥，竇建德陷趙州。丁酉，李義滿降。
四月，綦公順降。庚子，幷州總管、齊王元吉及劉武周戰于榆次，敗績。辛丑，朱粲殺段確以反。乙巳，王世充廢越王侗，自稱皇帝。癸亥，陷伊州，執總管張善相。
五月庚辰，涼州將安脩仁執李軌以降。癸未，曲赦涼、甘、瓜、鄯、肅、會、蘭、河、廓九州。
六月，王世充殺越王侗。戊戌，立周公、孔子廟于國子監。庚子，竇建德陷滄州。丁未，劉武周陷介州。癸亥，裴寂為晉州道行軍總管。離石胡劉季真叛，陷石州，刺史王儉死之。
七月壬申，徐圓朗降。
八月丁酉，酅國公薨。甲子，竇建德陷洺州，執總管袁子幹。
九月辛未，殺戶部尚書劉文靜。李子通自稱皇帝。沈法興自稱梁王。丁丑，杜伏威降。裴寂及劉武周戰于介州，敗績，右武衞大將軍姜寶誼死之。庚辰，竇建德陷相州，總管呂珉死之。辛巳，劉武周陷幷州。庚寅，太白晝見。竇建德陷趙州，執總管張志昂。乙未，京師地震。梁師都寇延州，鄜州刺史梁禮死之。
十月己亥，羅藝降。乙卯，如華陰，赦募士背軍者。壬戌，劉武周寇晉州，永安王孝基及工部尚書獨孤懷恩、陝州總管于筠、內史侍郎唐儉討之。甲子，祠華山。是月，夏縣人呂崇茂反。秦王世民討劉武周。
十一月丙子，竇建德陷黎州，執淮安王神通、總管李世勣。
十二月丙申，獵于華山。永安王孝基及劉武周戰于下邽，敗績。壬子，大風拔木。
三年正月己巳，獵于渭濱。戊寅，王行本降。辛巳，如蒲州。癸巳，至自蒲州。
二月丁酉，京師西南地有聲。庚子，如華陰。甲寅，獨孤懷恩謀反，伏誅。辛酉，檢校隰州總管劉師善謀反，伏誅。
三月庚午，改納言為侍中，內史令為中書令。甲戌，中書侍郎封德彝兼中書令。乙酉，劉季真降。
四月丙申，祠華山。壬寅，至自華陰。癸卯，禁關內諸州屠。甲寅，秦王世民及宋金剛戰于雀鼠谷，敗之。辛酉，王世充陷鄧州，總管雷四郎死之。壬戌，秦王世民反劉武周戰于洺州，敗之，武周亡入于突厥。克幷州。
五月壬午，秦王世民屠夏縣。
六月丙申，赦晉、隰、潞、幷四州。癸卯，詔隋帝及其宗室柩在江都者，為營窆，置陵廟，以故宮人守之。丙午，慮囚。封子元景為趙王，元昌魯王，元亨酆王。己酉，出宮女五百人，賜東征將士有功者。甲寅，顯州長史田瓚殺行臺尚書令楊士林，叛附于王世充。乙卯，瘞州縣暴骨。
七月壬戌，秦王世民討王世充。甲戌，皇太子屯于蒲州，以備突厥。丙戌，梁師都導突厥、稽胡寇邊，行軍總管段德操敗之。
八月庚子，慮囚。甲辰，時德叡降。
九月癸酉，田瓚降。己丑，給復陝、鼎、熊、穀四州二年。
十月戊申，高開道降。己酉，楊仲達降。己未，有星隕于東都。
十二月己酉，瓜州刺史賀拔行威反。
四年正月辛巳，皇太子伐稽胡。
二月，竇建德陷曹州，執孟海公。己丑，車騎將軍董阿興反于隴州，伏誅。乙巳，太常少卿李仲文謀反，伏誅。丙午，慮囚。丁巳，赦代州總管府石嶺之北。
三月，進封宜都郡王泰為衞王。庚申，慮囚。乙酉，竇建德陷管州，刺史郭志安死之。
四月壬寅，齊王元吉及王世充戰于東都，敗績，行軍總管盧君諤死之。戊申，突厥寇幷州，執漢陽郡王瓌、太常卿鄭元璹、左驍騎衞大將軍長孫順德。甲寅，封子元方為周王，元禮鄭王，元嘉宋王，元則荊王，元茂越王。丁巳，左武衞將軍王君廓敗張青特，執之。
五月壬戌，秦王世民敗竇建德于虎牢，執之。乙丑，赦山東為建德所詿誤者。戊辰，王世充降。庚午，周法明降。
六月庚寅，赦河南為王世充所詿誤者。戊戌，蔣善合降。庚子，營州人石世則執其總管晉文衍，叛附于靺鞨。乙卯，臧君相降。
七月甲子，秦王世民俘王世充以獻。丙寅，竇建德伏誅。丁卯，大赦，給復天下一年，陝、鼎、函、虢、虞、芮、豳七州二年。甲戌，劉黑闥反于貝州。辛巳，戴州刺史孟噉鬼反，伏誅。
八月丙戌朔，日有食之。丁亥，皇太子安撫北境。丁酉，劉黑闥陷鄃縣，魏州刺史權威、貝州刺史戴元祥死之。癸卯，突厥寇代州，執行軍總管王孝基。丁未，劉黑闥陷歷亭，屯衞將軍王行敏死之。辛亥，深州人崔元遜殺其刺史裴晞，叛附于劉黑闥。兗州總管徐圓朗反。
九月，盧祖尚降。乙卯，淳于難降。甲子，汪華降。
是秋，夔州總管、趙郡王孝恭率十二總管兵以討蕭銑。
十月己丑，秦王世民為天策上將，領司徒，齊王元吉為司空。庚寅，劉黑闥陷瀛州，執刺史盧士叡，又陷觀州。癸卯，毛州人董燈明殺其刺史趙元愷。乙巳，趙郡王孝恭敗蕭銑于荊州，執之。
閏月乙卯，如稷州。己未，幸舊墅。壬戌，獵于好畤。乙丑，獵于九嵏。丁卯，獵于仲山。戊辰，獵于清水谷，遂幸三原。辛未，如周氏陂。壬申，至自周氏陂。
十一月甲申，有事于南郊。庚寅，李子通降。丙申，子通謀反，伏誅。壬寅，劉黑闥陷定州，總管李玄通死之。庚戌，𣏌州人周文舉殺其刺史王孝矩，叛附于黑闥。
十二月乙卯，黑闥陷冀州，總管麴稜死之。甲子，左武候將軍李世勣及黑闥戰于宋州，敗績。丁卯，秦王世民、齊王元吉討黑闥。己巳，黑闥陷邢州。庚午，陷魏州，總管潘道毅死之。辛未，陷莘州。壬申，徙封元嘉為徐王。
五年正月乙酉，劉黑闥陷相州，刺史房晃死之。丙戌，殷恭邃降。丁亥，濟州別駕劉伯通執其刺史竇務本，叛附于徐圓朗。庚寅，東鹽州治中王才藝殺其刺史田華，叛附于劉黑闥。丙申，相州人殺其刺史獨孤徹，以其州叛附于黑闥。己酉，楊世略、劉元進降。
二月，王要漢降。己巳，秦王世民克邢州。丁丑，劉黑闥陷洺水，總管羅士信死之。戊寅，汴州總管王要漢敗徐圓朗于𣏌州，執周文舉。
三月戊戌，譚州刺史李義滿殺齊州都督王薄。丁未，秦王世民及劉黑闥戰于洺水，敗之，黑闥亡入于突厥。蔚州總管高開道反，寇易州，刺史慕容孝幹死之。
四月，梁州野蠶成繭。冉安昌降。己未，甯長真降。戊辰，釋流罪以下穫麥。壬申，代州總管李大恩及突厥戰，死之。戊寅，鄧文進降。
五月，田留安降。庚寅，瓜州人王幹殺賀拔行威以降。乙巳，賜荊州今歲田租。
六月辛亥，劉黑闥與突厥寇山東。車騎將軍元韶為瓜州道行軍總管，以備突厥。癸丑，吐谷渾寇洮、旭、疊三州，岷州總管李長卿敗之。乙卯，淮安郡王神通討徐圓朗。
七月甲申，作弘義宮。甲午，淮陽郡王道玄為河北道行軍總管，討劉黑闥。貝州人董該以定州叛附于黑闥。丙申，突厥殺劉武周于白道。遷州人鄧士政反，執其刺史李敬昂。丁酉，馮盎降。
八月辛亥，葬隋煬帝。甲寅，吐谷渾寇岷州，益州道行臺左僕射竇軌敗之。乙卯，突厥寇邊。庚申，皇太子出豳州道，秦王世民出秦州道，以禦突厥。己巳，吐谷渾陷洮州。幷州總管、襄邑郡王神符及突厥戰于汾東，敗之。戊寅，突厥陷大震關。
九月癸巳，靈州總管楊師道敗之于三觀山。丙申，洪州總管宇文歆又敗之于崇岡。壬寅，定州總管雙士洛、驃騎將軍魏道仁又敗之于恆山之陽。丙午，領軍將軍安興貴又敗之于甘州。劉黑闥陷瀛州，刺史馬匡武死之。東鹽州人馬君德以其州叛附于黑闥。
十月己酉，齊王元吉討黑闥。癸丑，貝州刺史許善護及黑闥戰于鄃縣，死之。甲寅，觀州刺史劉君會叛附于黑闥。乙丑，淮陽郡王道玄及黑闥戰于下博，死之。己巳，林士弘降。
十一月庚辰，劉黑闥陷滄州。甲申，皇太子討黑闥。丙申，如宜州。癸卯，獵于富平北原。
十二月丙辰，獵于萬壽原。戊午，劉黑闥陷恆州，刺史王公政死之。庚申，至自萬壽原。壬申，皇太子及劉黑闥戰于魏州，敗之。甲戌，又敗之于毛州。
六年正月己卯，黑闥將葛德威執黑闥以降。壬午，巂州人王摩娑反，驃騎將軍衞彥討之。庚寅，徐圓朗陷泗州。
二月，劉黑闥伏誅。庚戌，幸溫湯。壬子，獵于驪山。甲寅，至自溫湯。丙寅，行軍總管李世勣敗徐圓朗，執之。
三月，苗海潮、梅知巖、左難當降。乙巳，洪州總管張善安反。
四月己酉，吐蕃陷芳州。己未，以故第為通義宮，祭元皇帝、元貞皇后于舊寢。赦京城，賜從官帛。辛酉，張善安陷孫州，執總管王戎。丁卯，南州刺史龐孝泰反，陷南越州。壬申，封子元璹為蜀王，元慶漢王。癸酉，裴寂為尚書左僕射，蕭瑀為右僕射，封德彝為中書令，吏部尚書趙恭仁兼中書令、檢校涼州諸軍事。
五月庚寅，吐谷渾、党項寇河州，刺史盧士良敗之。癸卯，高開道以奚寇幽州，長史王說敗之。
六月丁卯，突厥寇朔州，總管高滿政敗之。曲赦朔州。
七月丙子，沙州別駕竇伏明反，殺其總管賀若懷廓。己亥，皇太子屯于北邊，秦王世民屯于幷州，以備突厥。
八月壬子，淮南道行臺左僕射輔公祏反。乙丑，趙郡王孝恭討之。
九月壬辰，秦王世民為江州道行軍元帥。丙申，渝州人張大智反。
十月丙午，殺廣州都督劉世讓。戊申，降死罪，流以下原之。己未，如華陰。張大智降。庚申，獵于白鹿原。壬戌，右虞候率杜士遠殺高滿政，以朔州反。丁卯，突厥請和。
十一月壬午，張善安襲殺黃州總管周法明。丁亥，如華陰。辛卯，獵于沙苑。丁酉，獵于伏龍原。
十二月壬寅朔，日有食之。癸卯，張善安降。庚戌，以奉義監為龍躍宮，武功宅為慶善宮。甲寅，至自華陰。
七年正月庚寅，鄒州人鄧同穎殺其刺史李士衡。
二月丁巳，釋奠于國學。己未，漁陽部將張金樹殺高開道以降。
三月戊戌，趙郡王孝恭敗輔公祏，執之。己亥，孝恭殺越州都督闞稜。
四月庚子，大赦。班新律令。給復江州道二年、揚越一年。
五月丙戌，作仁智宮。
六月辛丑，如仁智宮。壬戌，慶州都督楊文幹反。
七月己巳，突厥寇朔州，總管秦武通敗之。癸酉，慶州人殺楊文幹以降。甲午，至自仁智宮。巂州地震山崩，遏江水。
閏月己未，秦王世民、齊王元吉屯于豳州，以備突厥。
八月己巳，吐谷渾寇鄯州，驃騎將軍彭武傑死之。戊寅，突厥寇綏州，刺史劉大俱敗之。壬辰，突厥請和。丁酉，裴寂使于突厥。
十月丁卯，如慶善宮。辛未，獵于鄠南。癸酉，幸終南山。丙子，謁樓觀老子祠。庚寅，獵于圍川。
十二月丁卯，如龍躍宮。戊辰，獵于高陵。庚午，至自高陵。太子詹事裴矩檢校侍中。
八年二月癸未，慮囚。
四月甲申，如鄠，獵于甘谷。作太和宮。丙戌，至自鄠。
六月甲子，如太和宮。
七月丙午，至自太和宮。丁巳，秦王世民屯于蒲州，以備突厥。
八月壬申，幷州行軍總管張瑾及突厥戰于太谷，敗績，鄆州都督張德政死之，執行軍長史溫彥博。甲申，任城郡王道宗及突厥戰于靈州，敗之。丁亥，突厥請和。
十月辛巳，如周氏陂，獵于北原。壬午，如龍躍宮。
十一月辛卯，如宜州，獵于西原。裴矩罷。庚子，講武于同官。天策府司馬宇文士及權檢校侍中。辛丑，徙封元璹為吳王，元慶陳王。癸卯，秦王世民為中書令，齊王元吉為侍中。癸丑，獵于華池北原。
十二月辛酉，至自華池。庚辰，獵于鳴犢泉。辛巳，至自鳴犢泉。
九年正月甲寅，裴寂為司空。
二月庚申，齊王元吉為司徒。壬午，有星孛于胃、昴。丁亥，孛于卷舌。
三月庚寅，幸昆明池，習水戰。壬辰，至自昆明池。丙午，如周氏陂。乙卯，至自周氏陂。丁巳，突厥寇涼州，都督、長樂郡王幼良敗之。
四月辛巳，廢浮屠、老子法。
六月丁巳，太白經天。庚申，秦王世民殺皇太子建成、齊王元吉。大赦。復浮屠、老子法。癸亥，立秦王世民為皇太子，聽政。賜為父後者襲勳、爵，赤牒官得為真，免民逋租宿賦。己卯，太白晝見。庚辰，幽州都督、廬江郡王瑗反，伏誅。癸未，赦幽州管內為瑗所詿誤者。
七月辛卯，楊恭仁罷。太子右庶子高士廉為侍中，左庶子房玄齡為中書令，蕭瑀為尚書左僕射。癸巳，宇文士及為中書令，封德彝為尚書左僕射。辛亥，太白晝見。甲寅，太白晝見。
八月丙辰，突厥請和。丁巳，太白晝見。壬戌，吐谷渾請和。甲子，皇太子即皇帝位。
貞觀三年，太上皇徙居大安宮。九年五月，崩于垂拱前殿，年七十一。謚曰太武，廟號高祖。上元元年，改謚神堯皇帝。天寶八戴，謚神堯大聖皇帝；十三載，增謚神堯大聖大光孝皇帝。
贊曰：自古受命之君，非有德不王。自夏后氏以來，始傳以世，而有賢有不肖，故其為世，數亦或短或長。論者乃謂周自后稷至於文、武，積功累仁，其來也遠，故其為世尤長。然考於世本，夏、商、周皆出於黃帝，夏自鯀以前，商自契至於成湯，其間寂寥無聞，與周之興異矣。而漢亦起於亭長叛亡之徒。及其興也，有天下皆數百年而後已。由是言之，天命豈易知哉！然考其終始治亂，顧其功德有厚薄與其制度紀綱所以維持者如何，而其後世，或寖以隆昌，或遽以壞亂，或漸以陵遲，或能振而復起，或遂至於不可支持，雖各因其勢，然有德則興，無德則絕，豈非所謂天命者常不顯其符，而俾有國者兢兢以自勉耶？唐在周、隋之際，世雖貴矣，然烏有所謂積功累仁之漸，而高祖之興，亦何異因時而特起者歟？雖其有治有亂，或絕或微，然其有天下年幾三百，可謂盛哉！豈非人厭隋亂而蒙德澤，繼以太宗之治，制度紀綱之法，後世有以憑藉扶持，而能永其天命歟？
校勘記
周安州總管 「周」，各本原作「隋」，本書卷七０上宗室世系表及舊唐書(下簡稱舊書)卷一高祖紀並作「周」。按唐高祖以周天和元年生於長安，七歲襲唐國公，為周建德元年，則昞終于周，並未入隋。作「周」是，據改。
母端兒 「母」，衲、影印南宋閩刻十行(下簡稱十行本)、殿、局本同，汲本作「馬」；資治通鑑(下簡稱通鑑)卷一八二作「毋」，胡三省注(下簡稱胡注)：「毋，音無，姓也。」
石艾縣長殷開山為掾 「石艾縣長」，本書卷九０殷開山傳、舊書卷五八殷嶠傳及通鑑卷一八四均作「太谷長」。
庚午陷魏州總管潘道毅死之辛未陷莘州 「莘」，各本原作「業」，通鑑卷一八九作「莘」。按本書卷三九地理志魏州莘縣云：「武德五年，以莘、臨黃、武陽、博州之武水置莘州。」是莘州乃由魏州析置。既云「庚午，陷魏州」，次日辛未所陷當為莘州。據改。
葛德威 本書卷八六劉黑闥傳及通鑑卷一九０均作「諸葛德威」。
吐蕃陷芳州 通鑑卷一九０作「吐谷渾寇芳州」。
In the thirteenth year he was appointed Regent of Taiyuan. He attacked the bandit Zhen Zhai'er, called Lishanfei, of Gaoyang, at Xihe, and broke him. At this time Emperor Yang had gone south on a tour to Jiangdu, and bandits were rising all over the empire. Gaozu's son Shimin knew that the Sui was sure to fall. He secretly made friends with bold men and took in fugitives, and with Liu Wenjing, Magistrate of Jinyang, he plotted a great undertaking. The plan was settled, but Gaozu did not yet know of it; Shimin wished to tell him the truth but feared he would not listen. Gaozu, as Regent of Taiyuan, also held the post of Director of the Jinyang Palace, and his good friend and retainer Pei Ji was Vice Director. Shimin plotted secretly with Pei Ji, and Ji chose women of the Jinyang Palace to wait on Gaozu in private. Gaozu visited Ji to drink, and when they were well in their cups and at ease, Ji told him the whole of the great undertaking. Gaozu was greatly alarmed. Ji said, "It is just because palace women have served you, and when that comes out you will be put to death; that is why we have done this." Shimin then came in too and told him of the plan. At first Gaozu pretended to refuse and wished to seize Shimin and hand him to the authorities, but soon he agreed, saying, "I love you; how could I bear to denounce you?" Yet there was still no way to begin. Meanwhile the bandits grew more numerous everywhere, the Turks raided the frontier again and again, and Gaozu's troops went out without success. Emperor Yang sent an envoy to arrest Gaozu and bring him to Jiangdu, and Gaozu was greatly afraid. Shimin said, "Things are urgent; we can act now!" But soon Emperor Yang sent another envoy galloping to pardon Gaozu and call off the arrest, and so the matter was dropped. Edit
At this time Liu Wuzhou rose at Mayi, Lin Shihong rose at Yuzhang and Liu Yuanjin rose at Jin'an, and all called themselves emperor. Zhu Can rose at Nanyang and called himself Emperor of Chu. Li Zitong rose at Hailing and called himself Prince of Chu. Shao Jianghai held Qi Prefecture and called himself Prince of Xinping. Xue Ju rose at Jincheng and called himself Hegemon-King of Western Qin. Guo Zihe rose at Yulin and called himself Prince of Yongle. Dou Jiande rose at Hejian and called himself Prince of Changle. Wang Xuba held Heng and Ding and called himself the Prince Who Fills the Sky. Wang Hua rose at Xin'an and Du Fuwei rose at Huainan, and both called themselves Prince of Wu. Li Mi rose at Gong and called himself Duke of Wei. Wang Deren rose at Ye and called himself the Grand Duke. Zuo Caixiang rose in Qi Commandery and called himself Duke of Boshan. Luo Yi held You Prefecture, Zuo Nandang held Jing, and Feng Ang held Gao and Luo, and all called themselves Area Commander. Liang Shidu held Shuofang and called himself Grand Chancellor. Meng Haigong held Cao Prefecture and called himself Recorder. Zhou Wenju held Huaiyang and called his force the Willow-Leaf Army. Gao Kaidao held Beiping, Zhang Changxun held Wuyuan, Zhou Tao held Shangluo, Yang Shilin held Shannan, Xu Yuanlang held Yan Prefecture, Yang Zhongda held Yu Prefecture, Zhang Shanxiang held Yi and Ru, Wang Yaohan held Bian Prefecture, Shi Derui held Weishi, Li Yiman held Pingling, Qi Gongshun held Qing and Lai, Chunyu Nan held Wendeng, Xu Shishun held Rencheng, Jiang Hongdu held Donghai, Wang Bo held Qi Commandery, Jiang Shanhe held Yun Prefecture, Tian Liu'an held Zhangqiu, Zhang Qingte held Jibei, Zang Junxiang held Hai Prefecture, Yin Gongsui held Shu Prefecture, Zhou Faming held Yong'an, Miao Haichao held Yongjia, Mei Zhiyan held Xuancheng, Deng Wenjin held Guang Prefecture, the Li chieftain Yang Shilüe held Xun and Chao, Ran Anchang held Badong, and Ning Changzhen held Yulin; and other bandits with titles of their own gathered here and there in the hills and marshes. Then Liu Wuzhou attacked the Fenyang Palace. Gaozu gathered his generals and officials and told them, "I am now Regent, yet bandits hold a detached palace. If I let them go unpunished, my crime deserves death. But to send out troops I must wait for an answer from the court, and Jiangdu is far away; what if we are too late?" The generals and officials all said, "Where the good of the state allows a man to act on his own authority, that man is you, sir." Gaozu said, "Good." He then raised troops, and within ten days had ten thousand men. The Deputy Regents, Wang Wei, General of the Tiger Guard, and Gao Junya, General of the Tiger-Tooth Guard, seeing troops gathering in great numbers, suspected some change and plotted to move against Gaozu when they went to pray for rain at the Jin Shrine. Gaozu found this out and secretly made ready. Edit
In the fifth month, on the day jiazi, Gaozu, Wang Wei and Gao Junya were sitting in office when Liu Zhenghui, Adjutant of the Kaiyang Garrison, accused Wei and Junya of treason, and they were seized on the spot. On bingyin the Turks raided the frontier, and Gaozu announced to the army, "Someone accused Wei and Junya of calling in the Turks, and now it has proved true." He then put them to death and raised his army. He sent Liu Wenjing as envoy to the Turks to make an alliance. Edit
In the sixth month, on jimao, he sent a proclamation to the commanderies, calling his force the Righteous Army. He opened the office of a Grand General and set up three armies. He made his son Jiancheng Duke of Longxi and Grand Commander-in-chief of the Left Army, with the Left Army under him; Shimin Duke of Dunhuang and Grand Commander-in-chief of the Right Army, with the Right Army under him; and Yuanji Duke of Guzang, with the Central Army under him. Pei Ji was Chief of Staff, Liu Wenjing Adjutant, Yin Kaishan, Magistrate of Shi'ai County, Clerk, Liu Zhenghui Secretary, and Zhangsun Shunde, Wang Changxie, Liu Hongji and Dou Cong Army Commanders. He opened the granaries and storehouses to relieve the poor and needy. Edit
In the seventh month, on renzi, Gaozu, holding a white banner, swore an oath to his host in the open country; he had thirty thousand troops. He made Yuanji Regent of Taiyuan. On guichou he set out from Taiyuan. On jiayin he sent his general Zhang Lun to take the three commanderies of Lishi, Longquan and Wencheng. On bingchen he halted at Lingshi and camped at Jiahu Fort. The Sui General of the Tiger-Tooth Guard Song Laosheng held Huoyi against the Righteous Army. On bingyin Li Gui, Adjutant of a Sui Soaring Hawk Garrison, rose at Wuwei and called himself Great Prince of Liang. Edit
In the eighth month, on xinsi, he defeated Song Laosheng at Huoyi. On bingxu he took Linfen Commandery. On xinmao he took Jiang Commandery. On guisi he halted at Longmen, and the Turks came to meet him. Edit
In the ninth month, on wuwu, Gaozu took the office of Grand Commandant and added staff and assistants. He sacrificed to the Yellow River with the lesser offering and then crossed. On jiazi he halted at the Changchun Palace. On bingyin Jiancheng, Duke of Longxi, and Liu Wenjing camped at the Yongfeng Granary and guarded the Tong Pass. Shimin, Duke of Dunhuang, went from north of the Wei to take the Three Adjuncts. Gaozu's cousin Shentong raised troops at Hu, and the wife of Chai, Gaozu's daughter, also raised troops at Sizhu; both joined Shimin. The bandits of Mei, Qiu Shili and Li Zhongwen, the bandits of Zhouzhi, He Panren and Xiang Shansi, the bandit of Yijun, Liu Jiong, and others all came to surrender, and so the land around Hu and Du was largely brought under control. On renshen Gaozu halted at Pingyi. On yihai Shimin, Duke of Dunhuang, camped at Acheng, and Jiancheng, Duke of Longxi, hastened from Xinfeng to Bashang. On bingzi, from Xiagui westward, Gaozu abolished every Sui travelling palace and park he passed, and sent the palace women out and back to their families. Edit
In the tenth month, on xinsi, he halted at the Changle Palace with a host of two hundred thousand. The Sui Regent Wei Wensheng and others were holding the capital on behalf of the Prince of Dai, Yang You. Gaozu sent an envoy to reason with them, but got no answer. He then besieged the city and gave the order: "Whoever violates the seven ancestral temples of the Sui or the imperial clan, the punishment shall reach his three sets of kin." On bingshen Xiao Xian, Sui Magistrate of Luoshan, called himself Duke of Liang. Edit
In the eleventh month, on bingchen, he took the capital. He ordered Song Gongbi, Gentleman in Charge of Tallies, to take charge of the maps and registers. He made a compact of twelve articles: murder, robbery, desertion and rebellion were punishable by death. On guihai he honoured the Sui emperor in his absence as Emperor Emeritus and set up the Prince of Dai as emperor. There was a general amnesty and the era was changed to Yining. On jiazi Gaozu entered the capital, went to the court hall, and bowed toward the palace gates. The Sui emperor gave Gaozu the borrowed yellow axe, made him Commissioned with Special Powers, Grand Commander-in-chief of All Military Affairs Within and Without, Grand Chancellor and Director of the Affairs of the Department of State Affairs, and raised his fief to Prince of Tang. The Wude Hall was made the Chancellor's office; his written orders were called directives, and he conducted business at the Qianhua Gate. Edit
In the twelfth month, on guiwei, the Sui emperor posthumously made the Duke Xiang of Tang the Prince of Jing, Duke Ren the Prince Yuan, and his wife Lady Dou Consort of the State of Tang, with the posthumous name Mu. Jiancheng was made Heir of the State of Tang; Shimin was made Secretariat Director of the State of Tang, and his fief moved to Duke of the State of Qin; Yuanji was made Duke of the State of Qi. The Chancellor's office was given a Chief of Staff, a Recorder and lesser officials. Xiaogong, Duke of Zhao Commandery, went to take Shannan. On jiachen Zhan Jun, Magistrate of Yunyang, went to take Ba and Shu. Edit
In the second year, the first month, on dingwei, the Sui emperor decreed that the Prince of Tang might come up into the hall wearing his sword and shoes, need not hurry when entering court, and would not be named when announced, and added feathered canopies before and behind him and a band of drums and pipes. On wuwu Zhou Tao surrendered. On wuchen Jiancheng, the Heir, was made Commander-in-chief of the Left, and Shimin, Duke of the State of Qin, Commander-in-chief of the Right, to take the lands around the Eastern Capital. Edit
In the second month, on jimao, Zheng Yuanshu, Chief Minister of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, brought Fan and Deng under control, and the envoy Ma Yuangui went to take Jing and Xiang. Edit
In the third month, on jiyou, Yuanji, Duke of the State of Qi, was made Field Commander-in-chief of the Taiyuan Circuit. On yimao Shimin's fief was moved to Duke of the State of Zhao. On bingchen Yuwen Huaji, Sui General of the Right Encampment Guard, murdered the Emperor Emeritus at Jiangdu and set up Yang Hao, Prince of Qin, as emperor. Shen Faxing, Governor of Wuxing Commandery, seized Danyang and called himself Area Commander of the Jiangnan Circuit. Lu Zushang of Le'an seized Guang Prefecture and called himself Prefect. On wuchen the Sui emperor raised the Prince of Tang to the rank of Chancellor of State, with charge of all the hundred offices and the Nine Bestowals; the State of Tang was given a chancellor and other officials and set up four ancestral temples. Edit
In the fourth month, on jimao, Zhang Changxun surrendered. On xinsi the bamboo envoy tallies were discontinued and silver hare tallies issued. Edit
In the fifth month, on yisi, the Sui emperor ordered that the Prince of Tang wear a crown with twelve pendants, set up the banners of the Son of Heaven, and have the roads cleared when he went out and came in. On jiayin Wang Deren surrendered. On wuwu the Sui emperor gave up the throne and sent Xiao Zao, Minister of Justice, and Pei Zhiyin, Vice Minister of the Court of the National Granaries, to present the imperial seals and ribbons to the Prince of Tang; he declined three times and then accepted. Edit
In the first year of Wude, the fifth month, on jiazi, he took the imperial throne in the Taiji Hall. He ordered Xiao Zao to act as Grand Commandant and announce it at the southern suburban altar. There was a general amnesty and the era was changed. Officials and commoners were all given one degree of rank; places the Righteous Army had passed through were freed from taxes and labour for three years, and other places for one year. Commanderies were renamed prefectures and Governors renamed Prefects. On gengwu Venus was seen by day. Yuan Wendu, Sui Regent of the Eastern Capital, and Wang Shichong, General-in-Chief of the Left Militant Guard, set up Yang Tong, Prince of Yue, as emperor. Edit
In the sixth month, on jiaxu, Shimin, Duke of the State of Zhao, was made Director of the Department of State Affairs; Pei Ji was made Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs with charge of state affairs; Liu Wenjing was made Chancellor of the Chancellery; and Xiao Yu, Sui Minister of Revenue, and Dou Wei, Administrative Supervisor of the Chancellor's office, were made Secretariat Directors. On bingzi Venus was seen by day. On jimao posthumous titles were given: the emperor's great-great-grandfather was named Duke Xuanjian; his great-grandfather Prince Yi; his grandfather Emperor Jing, with the temple name Taizu, and his grandmother Lady Liang Empress Jinglie; his late father Emperor Yuan, with the temple name Shizu, and his mother Lady Dugu Empress Yuanzhen; and his consort Lady Dou Empress Mu. On gengchen the Heir Jiancheng was made Crown Prince, Shimin was enfeoffed as Prince of Qin and Yuanji as Prince of Qi. On guiwei Xue Ju raided Jing Prefecture, and Shimin, Prince of Qin, was made Commander-in-chief of the Western Expedition, with Liu Wenjing as his Adjutant. Yuwen Mingda, Chief Minister of the Court of the Imperial Stud, went to win over and pacify Shandong. On yiyou the Sui emperor was honoured as Duke of the State of Xi, and an edict said: "In recent ages, whenever the fortunes of the times changed, the kin of the former dynasty were always wiped out. The succession of the heavenly count has its destined home, and that is truly the Mandate of Heaven; the rise and fall of dynasties is not the work of human strength. The sons and grandsons of Yang Zhiji, Prince of Cai of the former Sui, and the others are all to be chosen for office." On guisi talk of auspicious omens was forbidden. On xinchou Dou Wei died. Chen Shuda, Vice Director of the Chancellery, was made acting Chancellor of the Chancellery, and Dou Kang, Court Architect, was made concurrently Chancellor of the Chancellery. Edit
In the seventh month, on renzi, Liu Wenjing fought Xue Ju at Jing Prefecture and was badly defeated. On yimao Guo Zihe surrendered. On gengshen the detached palaces of the Sui were abolished. Edit
In the eighth month, on renshen, Liu Wenjing was struck from the register of officials. On wuyin it was agreed that meritorious officials would be spared the death penalty. On xinsi Xue Ju died. On renwu Li Gui surrendered. On jiashen Wang Deren, Prefect of Yan Prefecture, killed Yuwen Mingda, the Commissioner for Winning Over and Pacifying, and rebelled. On jichou Shimin, Prince of Qin, was made Commander-in-chief of the Western Expedition to attack Xue Rengao. On gengzi posthumous honours were given: Gao Jiong, Sui Chief Minister of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, was made Supreme Pillar of State and Duke of the State of Tan; Heruo Bi, Supreme Pillar of State, Duke of the State of Qi; Xue Daoheng, Grand Master of the Capital, Supreme Unequalled in Honour and Duke of Linhe County; Yuwen Bi, Minister of Justice, Supreme Unequalled in Honour and Duke of Pingchang County; Dong Chun, General of the Left Flank Guard, Pillar of State and Duke of Didao; Li Jincai, General of the Right Courageous Guard, Supreme Pillar of State and Duke of the State of Shen; and Li Min, Grand Master of the Left for Splendid Happiness, Pillar of State and Duke of the State of Guan. All whose fathers had been wrongly killed by the Sui and who had been banished were brought back. Edit
In the ninth month, on yisi, prisoners' cases were reviewed. Military garrisons were first set up. On guichou the silver hare tallies were changed to bronze fish tallies. On jiayin Dou Gui, Area Commander of Qin Prefecture, fought Xue Rengao and was badly defeated. On xinwei Yuwen Huaji killed Yang Hao, Prince of Qin, and called himself emperor. Edit
In the tenth month, on renshen, the first day of the month, there was an eclipse of the sun. On jimao Li Mi surrendered. On renwu Zhu Can took Deng Prefecture, and its Prefect Lü Zizang died there. On yiyou Shao Jianghai surrendered. On jihai bandits killed Quan Yanzong, Prefect of Shang Prefecture. On xinchou there was a grand review of the troops. In this month Dou Kang was dismissed. Edit
In the eleventh month Dou Jiande defeated Wang Xuba at You Prefecture, and Xuba fled to the Turks. On yisi Li Gui, Prince of Liang, rebelled. On wushen the presentation of dwarfs and stunted people, small horses and short cattle, strange beasts and rare birds was forbidden. On jiyou Shimin, Prince of Qin, defeated Xue Rengao and captured him. On guichou the Field Area Commander Zhao Cijing attacked Pu Prefecture; its Sui Prefect Yao Junsu fought back and captured Cijing. On guihai Shimin, Prince of Qin, presented Xue Rengao as a captive. Edit
In the twelfth month, on renshen, Shimin was made Grand Commandant. On bingzi the people of Pu Prefecture killed Yao Junsu and set up his general Wang Xingben. On xinsi Zheng Yuanshu fought Zhu Can at Shang Prefecture and defeated him. On yiyou the emperor went to Zhoushi Pool. On dinghai he returned from Zhoushi Pool. On gengzi Li Mi, Chief Minister of the Court of Imperial Entertainments, rebelled and was put to death. Edit
In this year Gao Kaidao took Yuyang and called himself Prince of Yan. Edit
In the second year, the first month, on jiazi, Chen Shuda was made concurrently Chancellor of the Chancellery. It was decreed that from now on no death sentences would be carried out in the first, fifth and ninth months, and the slaughter of animals was forbidden. On bingyin Zhang Shanxiang surrendered. On jisi Yang Shilin surrendered. Edit
In the second month, on yiyou, the laws of the land tax, the labour tax and the cloth tax were first laid down. Civil and military officials were ordered to complete their mourning. On bingxu each prefecture was given one Clan Master. On jiawu prisoners held north of Jiahu Fort in the four prefectures of Bing, Hao, Jie and Shi were pardoned. In the intercalary month Dou Jiande took Xing Prefecture and captured its Area Commander Chen Junbin. On xinchou Dou Jiande killed Yuwen Huaji at Liaocheng. Zhu Can surrendered. On renyin the Crown Prince, Shimin, Prince of Qin, and Pei Ji toured the counties of the capital region. On yisi Duan Que, Censor-in-chief, went to reward Zhu Can at Jutan. On gengxu the emperor went out in plain clothes to observe local customs. On yimao, because grain was dear, the slaughter of animals and the sale of wine were forbidden within the passes. He Panren, General of the Left Encampment Guard, fought the mountain bandit Zhang Zihui at Sizhu and died. On dingsi prisoners' cases were reviewed. On gengshen Zhao Qin and Wang Suoluo, Generals of Courageous Cavalry, fought mountain bandits at Zhouzhi and died. On dingmao Wang Shichong took Yin Prefecture, and Li Yude, Prefect of Zhi Prefecture, died there. Edit
In the third month, on jiaxu, Wang Bo surrendered. On gengchen Jiang Hongdu and Xu Shishun surrendered. On dinghai Dou Jiande took Zhao Prefecture. On dingyou Li Yiman surrendered. Edit
In the fourth month Qi Gongshun surrendered. On gengzi Yuanji, Prince of Qi and Area Commander of Bing Prefecture, fought Liu Wuzhou at Yuci and was badly defeated. On xinchou Zhu Can killed Duan Que and rebelled. On yisi Wang Shichong deposed Yang Tong, Prince of Yue, and called himself emperor. On guihai he took Yi Prefecture and captured its Area Commander Zhang Shanxiang. Edit
In the fifth month, on gengchen, An Xiuren, a general of Liang Prefecture, seized Li Gui and surrendered. On guiwei a special amnesty was granted to the nine prefectures of Liang, Gan, Gua, Shan, Su, Hui, Lan, He and Kuo. Edit
In the sixth month Wang Shichong killed Yang Tong, Prince of Yue. On wuxu temples to the Duke of Zhou and Confucius were set up in the Directorate of Education. On gengzi Dou Jiande took Cang Prefecture. On dingwei Liu Wuzhou took Jie Prefecture. On guihai Pei Ji was made Field Area Commander of the Jin Prefecture Circuit. Liu Jizhen, a Hu of Lishi, rebelled and took Shi Prefecture, and its Prefect Wang Jian died there. Edit
In the seventh month, on renshen, Xu Yuanlang surrendered. Edit
In the eighth month, on dingyou, the Duke of the State of Xi died. On jiazi Dou Jiande took Ming Prefecture and captured its Area Commander Yuan Zigan. Edit
In the ninth month, on xinwei, Liu Wenjing, Minister of Revenue, was put to death. Li Zitong called himself emperor. Shen Faxing called himself Prince of Liang. On dingchou Du Fuwei surrendered. Pei Ji fought Liu Wuzhou at Jie Prefecture and was badly defeated, and Jiang Baoyi, General-in-Chief of the Right Militant Guard, died there. On gengchen Dou Jiande took Xiang Prefecture, and its Area Commander Lü Min died there. On xinsi Liu Wuzhou took Bing Prefecture. On gengyin Venus was seen by day. Dou Jiande took Zhao Prefecture and captured its Area Commander Zhang Zhiang. On yiwei there was an earthquake in the capital. Liang Shidu raided Yan Prefecture, and Liang Li, Prefect of Fu Prefecture, died there. Edit
In the tenth month, on jihai, Luo Yi surrendered. On yimao the emperor went to Huayin and pardoned recruited soldiers who had deserted. On renxu Liu Wuzhou raided Jin Prefecture, and Xiaoji, Prince of Yong'an, with Dugu Huaien, Minister of Works, Yu Jun, Area Commander of Shan Prefecture, and Tang Jian, Vice Director of the Secretariat, attacked him. On jiazi the emperor sacrificed to Mount Hua. In this month Lü Chongmao of Xia County rebelled. Shimin, Prince of Qin, attacked Liu Wuzhou. Edit
In the eleventh month, on bingzi, Dou Jiande took Li Prefecture and captured Shentong, Prince of Huai'an, and the Area Commander Li Shiji. Edit
In the twelfth month, on bingshen, the emperor hunted at Mount Hua. Xiaoji, Prince of Yong'an, fought Liu Wuzhou at Xiagui and was badly defeated. On renzi a great wind uprooted trees. Edit
In the third year, the first month, on jisi, the emperor hunted on the banks of the Wei. On wuyin Wang Xingben surrendered. On xinsi the emperor went to Pu Prefecture. On guisi he returned from Pu Prefecture. Edit
In the second month, on dingyou, there was a sound from the ground southwest of the capital. On gengzi the emperor went to Huayin. On jiayin Dugu Huaien plotted rebellion and was put to death. On xinyou Liu Shishan, Acting Area Commander of Xi Prefecture, plotted rebellion and was put to death. Edit
In the third month, on gengwu, the title Chancellor of the Chancellery was changed to Director of the Chancellery, and Secretariat Director to Director of the Secretariat. On jiaxu Feng Deyi, Vice Director of the Secretariat, was made concurrently Director of the Secretariat. On yiyou Liu Jizhen surrendered. Edit
In the fourth month, on bingshen, the emperor sacrificed to Mount Hua. On renyin he returned from Huayin. On guimao the slaughter of animals was forbidden in the prefectures within the passes. On jiayin Shimin, Prince of Qin, fought Song Jingang at Queshu Valley and defeated him. On xinyou Wang Shichong took Deng Prefecture, and its Area Commander Lei Silang died there. On renxu Shimin, Prince of Qin, fought Liu Wuzhou at Ming Prefecture and defeated him, and Wuzhou fled to the Turks. Bing Prefecture was taken. Edit
In the fifth month, on renwu, Shimin, Prince of Qin, massacred the people of Xia County. Edit
In the sixth month, on bingshen, the four prefectures of Jin, Xi, Lu and Bing were pardoned. On guimao it was decreed that tombs be built for the coffins of the Sui emperor and his clan that lay at Jiangdu, with burial temples, and that former palace women guard them. On bingwu prisoners' cases were reviewed. The emperor's sons were enfeoffed: Yuanjing as Prince of Zhao, Yuanchang as Prince of Lu and Yuanheng as Prince of Feng. On jiyou five hundred palace women were sent out and given to the officers and men of the eastern campaign who had merit. On jiayin Tian Zan, Aide of Xian Prefecture, killed Yang Shilin, Director of the Branch Department of State Affairs, rebelled and went over to Wang Shichong. On yimao bones lying exposed in the prefectures and counties were buried. Edit
In the seventh month, on renxu, Shimin, Prince of Qin, attacked Wang Shichong. On jiaxu the Crown Prince camped at Pu Prefecture to guard against the Turks. On bingxu Liang Shidu led the Turks and the Jihu to raid the frontier, and the Field Area Commander Duan Decao defeated them. Edit
In the eighth month, on gengzi, prisoners' cases were reviewed. On jiachen Shi Derui surrendered. Edit
In the ninth month, on guiyou, Tian Zan surrendered. On jichou the four prefectures of Shan, Ding, Xiong and Gu were freed from taxes and labour for two years. Edit
In the tenth month, on wushen, Gao Kaidao surrendered. On jiyou Yang Zhongda surrendered. On jiwei a star fell at the Eastern Capital. Edit
In the twelfth month, on jiyou, Heba Xingwei, Prefect of Gua Prefecture, rebelled. Edit
In the fourth year, the first month, on xinsi, the Crown Prince attacked the Jihu. Edit
In the second month Dou Jiande took Cao Prefecture and captured Meng Haigong. On jichou Dong A'xing, General of Chariots and Cavalry, rebelled at Long Prefecture and was put to death. On yisi Li Zhongwen, Vice Minister of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, plotted rebellion and was put to death. On bingwu prisoners' cases were reviewed. On dingsi the area north of Shiling under the Area Command of Dai Prefecture was pardoned. Edit
In the third month Tai, Prince of Yidu Commandery, was raised to Prince of Wei. On gengshen prisoners' cases were reviewed. On yiyou Dou Jiande took Guan Prefecture, and its Prefect Guo Zhi'an died there. Edit
In the fourth month, on renyin, Yuanji, Prince of Qi, fought Wang Shichong at the Eastern Capital and was badly defeated, and the Field Area Commander Lu Jun'e died there. On wushen the Turks raided Bing Prefecture and captured Gui, Prince of Hanyang Commandery, Zheng Yuanshu, Chief Minister of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, and Zhangsun Shunde, General-in-Chief of the Left Courageous Cavalry Guard. On jiayin the emperor's sons were enfeoffed: Yuanfang as Prince of Zhou, Yuanli as Prince of Zheng, Yuanjia as Prince of Song, Yuanze as Prince of Jing and Yuanmao as Prince of Yue. On dingsi Wang Junkuo, General of the Left Militant Guard, defeated Zhang Qingte and captured him. Edit
In the fifth month, on renxu, Shimin, Prince of Qin, defeated Dou Jiande at Hulao and captured him. On yichou those in Shandong who had been led astray by Jiande were pardoned. On wuchen Wang Shichong surrendered. On gengwu Zhou Faming surrendered. Edit
In the sixth month, on gengyin, those in Henan who had been led astray by Wang Shichong were pardoned. On wuxu Jiang Shanhe surrendered. On gengzi Shi Shize of Ying Prefecture seized his Area Commander Jin Wenyan, rebelled and went over to the Mohe. On yimao Zang Junxiang surrendered. Edit
In the seventh month, on jiazi, Shimin, Prince of Qin, presented Wang Shichong as a captive. On bingyin Dou Jiande was put to death. On dingmao there was a general amnesty; the whole empire was freed from taxes and labour for one year, and the seven prefectures of Shan, Ding, Han, Guo, Yu, Rui and Bin for two years. On jiaxu Liu Heita rebelled at Bei Prefecture. On xinsi Meng Dangui, Prefect of Dai Prefecture, rebelled and was put to death. Edit
In the eighth month, on bingxu, the first day of the month, there was an eclipse of the sun. On dinghai the Crown Prince went to pacify the northern frontier. On dingyou Liu Heita took Shu County, and Quan Wei, Prefect of Wei Prefecture, and Dai Yuanxiang, Prefect of Bei Prefecture, died there. On guimao the Turks raided Dai Prefecture and captured the Field Area Commander Wang Xiaoji. On dingwei Liu Heita took Liting, and Wang Xingmin, General of the Encampment Guard, died there. On xinhai Cui Yuanxun of Shen Prefecture killed his Prefect Pei Xi, rebelled and went over to Liu Heita. Xu Yuanlang, Area Commander of Yan Prefecture, rebelled. Edit
In the ninth month Lu Zushang surrendered. On yimao Chunyu Nan surrendered. On jiazi Wang Hua surrendered. Edit
In this autumn Xiaogong, Area Commander of Kui Prefecture and Prince of Zhao Commandery, led the troops of twelve Area Commanders to attack Xiao Xian. Edit
In the tenth month, on jichou, Shimin, Prince of Qin, was made Supreme General of the Heavenly Strategy and acting Grand Minister of Education, and Yuanji, Prince of Qi, Grand Minister of Works. On gengyin Liu Heita took Ying Prefecture and captured its Prefect Lu Shirui, and also took Guan Prefecture. On guimao Dong Dengming of Mao Prefecture killed his Prefect Zhao Yuankai. On yisi Xiaogong, Prince of Zhao Commandery, defeated Xiao Xian at Jing Prefecture and captured him. Edit
In the intercalary month, on yimao, the emperor went to Ji Prefecture. On jiwei he visited his old country house. On renxu he hunted at Haozhi. On yichou he hunted at Jiuzong. On dingmao he hunted at Mount Zhong. On wuchen he hunted in the Qingshui Valley and went on to Sanyuan. On xinwei he went to Zhoushi Pool. On renshen he returned from Zhoushi Pool. Edit
In the eleventh month, on jiashen, the emperor performed the sacrifice at the southern suburban altar. On gengyin Li Zitong surrendered. On bingshen Zitong plotted rebellion and was put to death. On renyin Liu Heita took Ding Prefecture, and its Area Commander Li Xuantong died there. On gengxu Zhou Wenju of Qi Prefecture killed his Prefect Wang Xiaoju, rebelled and went over to Heita. Edit
In the twelfth month, on yimao, Heita took Ji Prefecture, and its Area Commander Qu Leng died there. On jiazi Li Shiji, General of the Left Guard of Military Patrols, fought Heita at Song Prefecture and was badly defeated. On dingmao Shimin, Prince of Qin, and Yuanji, Prince of Qi, attacked Heita. On jisi Heita took Xing Prefecture. On gengwu he took Wei Prefecture, and its Area Commander Pan Daoyi died there. On xinwei he took Shen Prefecture. On renshen Yuanjia's fief was moved to Prince of Xu. Edit
In the fifth year, the first month, on yiyou, Liu Heita took Xiang Prefecture, and its Prefect Fang Huang died there. On bingxu Yin Gongsui surrendered. On dinghai Liu Botong, Administrative Aide of Ji Prefecture, seized his Prefect Dou Wuben, rebelled and went over to Xu Yuanlang. On gengyin Wang Caiyi, Assistant Prefect of East Yan Prefecture, killed his Prefect Tian Hua, rebelled and went over to Liu Heita. On bingshen the people of Xiang Prefecture killed their Prefect Dugu Che and went over with their prefecture to Heita. On jiyou Yang Shilüe and Liu Yuanjin surrendered. Edit
In the second month Wang Yaohan surrendered. On jisi Shimin, Prince of Qin, took Xing Prefecture. On dingchou Liu Heita took Mingshui, and its Area Commander Luo Shixin died there. On wuyin Wang Yaohan, Area Commander of Bian Prefecture, defeated Xu Yuanlang at Qi Prefecture and captured Zhou Wenju. Edit
In the third month, on wuxu, Li Yiman, Prefect of Tan Prefecture, killed Wang Bo, Area Commander-in-chief of Qi Prefecture. On dingwei Shimin, Prince of Qin, fought Liu Heita on the Ming River and defeated him, and Heita fled to the Turks. Gao Kaidao, Area Commander of Yu Prefecture, rebelled and raided Yi Prefecture, and its Prefect Murong Xiaogan died there. Edit
In the fourth month wild silkworms spun cocoons in Liang Prefecture. Ran Anchang surrendered. On jiwei Ning Changzhen surrendered. On wuchen prisoners sentenced to exile or less were released to harvest the wheat. On renshen Li Da'en, Area Commander of Dai Prefecture, fought the Turks and died. On wuyin Deng Wenjin surrendered. Edit
In the fifth month Tian Liu'an surrendered. On gengyin Wang Gan of Gua Prefecture killed Heba Xingwei and surrendered. On yisi Jing Prefecture was granted that year's land tax. Edit
In the sixth month, on xinhai, Liu Heita and the Turks raided Shandong. Yuan Shao, General of Chariots and Cavalry, was made Field Area Commander of the Gua Prefecture Circuit to guard against the Turks. On guichou the Tuyuhun raided the three prefectures of Tao, Xu and Die, and Li Changqing, Area Commander of Min Prefecture, defeated them. On yimao Shentong, Prince of Huai'an Commandery, attacked Xu Yuanlang. Edit
In the seventh month, on jiashen, the Hongyi Palace was built. On jiawu Daoxuan, Prince of Huaiyang Commandery, was made Field Area Commander of the Hebei Circuit to attack Liu Heita. Dong Gai of Bei Prefecture went over with Ding Prefecture to Heita. On bingshen the Turks killed Liu Wuzhou at Baidao. Deng Shizheng of Qian Prefecture rebelled and seized his Prefect Li Jing'ang. On dingyou Feng Ang surrendered. Edit
In the eighth month, on xinhai, Emperor Yang of Sui was buried. On jiayin the Tuyuhun raided Min Prefecture, and Dou Gui, Left Vice Director of the Branch Department of State Affairs of the Yi Prefecture Circuit, defeated them. On yimao the Turks raided the frontier. On gengshen the Crown Prince went out by the Bin Prefecture road and Shimin, Prince of Qin, by the Qin Prefecture road to hold off the Turks. On jisi the Tuyuhun took Tao Prefecture. Shenfu, Area Commander of Bing Prefecture and Prince of Xiangyi Commandery, fought the Turks east of the Fen and defeated them. On wuyin the Turks took the Dazhen Pass. Edit
In the ninth month, on guisi, Yang Shidao, Area Commander of Ling Prefecture, defeated them at Mount Sanguan. On bingshen Yuwen Xin, Area Commander of Hong Prefecture, defeated them again at Chonggang. On renyin Shuang Shiluo, Area Commander of Ding Prefecture, and Wei Daoren, General of Fleet Cavalry, defeated them again south of Mount Heng. On bingwu An Xinggui, General of the Army Guard, defeated them again at Gan Prefecture. Liu Heita took Ying Prefecture, and its Prefect Ma Kuangwu died there. Ma Junde of East Yan Prefecture went over with his prefecture to Heita. Edit
In the tenth month, on jiyou, Yuanji, Prince of Qi, attacked Heita. On guichou Xu Shanhu, Prefect of Bei Prefecture, fought Heita at Shu County and died. On jiayin Liu Junhui, Prefect of Guan Prefecture, rebelled and went over to Heita. On yichou Daoxuan, Prince of Huaiyang Commandery, fought Heita at Xiabo and died. On jisi Lin Shihong surrendered. Edit
In the eleventh month, on gengchen, Liu Heita took Cang Prefecture. On jiashen the Crown Prince attacked Heita. On bingshen the emperor went to Yi Prefecture. On guimao he hunted on the northern plain of Fuping. Edit
In the twelfth month, on bingchen, he hunted on the Wanshou Plain. On wuwu Liu Heita took Heng Prefecture, and its Prefect Wang Gongzheng died there. On gengshen the emperor returned from the Wanshou Plain. On renshen the Crown Prince fought Liu Heita at Wei Prefecture and defeated him. On jiaxu he defeated him again at Mao Prefecture. Edit
In the sixth year, the first month, on jimao, Heita's general Ge Dewei seized Heita and surrendered. On renwu Wang Mosuo of Xi Prefecture rebelled, and Wei Yan, General of Fleet Cavalry, attacked him. On gengyin Xu Yuanlang took Si Prefecture. Edit
In the second month Liu Heita was put to death. On gengxu the emperor visited the Hot Springs. On renzi he hunted at Mount Li. On jiayin he returned from the Hot Springs. On bingyin the Field Area Commander Li Shiji defeated Xu Yuanlang and captured him. Edit
In the third month Miao Haichao, Mei Zhiyan and Zuo Nandang surrendered. On yisi Zhang Shan'an, Area Commander of Hong Prefecture, rebelled. Edit
In the fourth month, on jiyou, the Tibetans took Fang Prefecture. On jiwei the emperor's old residence was made the Tongyi Palace, and sacrifices were made to Emperor Yuan and Empress Yuanzhen in their old chambers. The capital was pardoned and the officials in attendance were given silk. On xinyou Zhang Shan'an took Sun Prefecture and captured its Area Commander Wang Rong. On dingmao Pang Xiaotai, Prefect of Nan Prefecture, rebelled and took South Yue Prefecture. On renshen the emperor's sons were enfeoffed: Yuanshu as Prince of Shu and Yuanqing as Prince of Han. On guiyou Pei Ji was made Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, Xiao Yu Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, and Feng Deyi Director of the Secretariat; Zhao Gongren, Minister of Personnel, was made concurrently Director of the Secretariat and Acting Commander of the Armies of Liang Prefecture. Edit
In the fifth month, on gengyin, the Tuyuhun and the Dangxiang raided He Prefecture, and its Prefect Lu Shiliang defeated them. On guimao Gao Kaidao raided You Prefecture with the Xi, and its Aide Wang Yue defeated them. Edit
In the sixth month, on dingmao, the Turks raided Shuo Prefecture, and its Area Commander Gao Manzheng defeated them. A special amnesty was granted to Shuo Prefecture. Edit
In the seventh month, on bingzi, Dou Fuming, Administrative Aide of Sha Prefecture, rebelled and killed his Area Commander Heruo Huaikuo. On jihai the Crown Prince camped on the northern frontier and Shimin, Prince of Qin, camped at Bing Prefecture to guard against the Turks. Edit
In the eighth month, on renzi, Fu Gongshi, Left Vice Director of the Branch Department of State Affairs of the Huainan Circuit, rebelled. On yichou Xiaogong, Prince of Zhao Commandery, attacked him. Edit
In the ninth month, on renchen, Shimin, Prince of Qin, was made Field Commander-in-chief of the Jiang Prefecture Circuit. On bingshen Zhang Dazhi of Yu Prefecture rebelled. Edit
In the tenth month, on bingwu, Liu Shirang, Area Commander-in-chief of Guang Prefecture, was put to death. On wushen death sentences were reduced by one degree, and sentences of exile and below were remitted. On jiwei the emperor went to Huayin. Zhang Dazhi surrendered. On gengshen the emperor hunted on the Bailu Plain. On renxu Du Shiyuan, Commandant of the Right Patrol Guard, killed Gao Manzheng and rebelled with Shuo Prefecture. On dingmao the Turks asked for peace. Edit
In the eleventh month, on renwu, Zhang Shan'an made a surprise attack on Zhou Faming, Area Commander of Huang Prefecture, and killed him. On dinghai the emperor went to Huayin. On xinmao he hunted at Shayuan. On dingyou he hunted on the Fulong Plain. Edit
In the twelfth month, on renyin, the first day of the month, there was an eclipse of the sun. On guimao Zhang Shan'an surrendered. On gengxu the Fengyi Directorate was made the Longyue Palace, and the residence at Wugong the Qingshan Palace. On jiayin the emperor returned from Huayin. Edit
In the seventh year, the first month, on gengyin, Deng Tongying of Zou Prefecture killed his Prefect Li Shiheng. Edit
In the second month, on dingsi, the emperor performed the offering to the Former Sage at the National University. On jiwei Zhang Jinshu, a general of Yuyang, killed Gao Kaidao and surrendered. Edit
In the third month, on wuxu, Xiaogong, Prince of Zhao Commandery, defeated Fu Gongshi and captured him. On jihai Xiaogong killed Kan Leng, Area Commander-in-chief of Yue Prefecture. Edit
In the fourth month, on gengzi, there was a general amnesty. The new code and statutes were issued. The Jiang Prefecture Circuit was freed from taxes and labour for two years, and Yang and Yue for one year. Edit
In the fifth month, on bingxu, the Renzhi Palace was built. Edit
In the sixth month, on xinchou, the emperor went to the Renzhi Palace. On renxu Yang Wengan, Area Commander-in-chief of Qing Prefecture, rebelled. Edit
In the seventh month, on jisi, the Turks raided Shuo Prefecture, and its Area Commander Qin Wutong defeated them. On guiyou the people of Qing Prefecture killed Yang Wengan and surrendered. On jiawu the emperor returned from the Renzhi Palace. In Xi Prefecture an earthquake brought down a mountain, which dammed the river. Edit
In the intercalary month, on jiwei, Shimin, Prince of Qin, and Yuanji, Prince of Qi, camped at Bin Prefecture to guard against the Turks. Edit
In the eighth month, on jisi, the Tuyuhun raided Shan Prefecture, and Peng Wujie, General of Fleet Cavalry, died there. On wuyin the Turks raided Sui Prefecture, and its Prefect Liu Daju defeated them. On renchen the Turks asked for peace. On dingyou Pei Ji went as envoy to the Turks. Edit
In the tenth month, on dingmao, the emperor went to the Qingshan Palace. On xinwei he hunted south of Hu. On guiyou he visited Mount Zhongnan. On bingzi he paid his respects at the shrine of Laozi at Louguan. On gengyin he hunted at Weichuan. Edit
In the twelfth month, on dingmao, he went to the Longyue Palace. On wuchen he hunted at Gaoling. On gengwu he returned from Gaoling. Pei Ju, Supervisor of the Household of the Heir Apparent, was made Acting Director of the Chancellery. Edit
In the eighth year, the second month, on guiwei, prisoners' cases were reviewed. Edit
In the fourth month, on jiashen, the emperor went to Hu and hunted at Gangu. The Taihe Palace was built. On bingxu he returned from Hu. Edit
In the sixth month, on jiazi, he went to the Taihe Palace. Edit
In the seventh month, on bingwu, he returned from the Taihe Palace. On dingsi Shimin, Prince of Qin, camped at Pu Prefecture to guard against the Turks. Edit
In the eighth month, on renshen, Zhang Jin, Field Area Commander of Bing Prefecture, fought the Turks at Taigu and was badly defeated; Zhang Dezheng, Area Commander-in-chief of Yun Prefecture, died there, and Wen Yanbo, Chief of Staff of the field army, was captured. On jiashen Daozong, Prince of Rencheng Commandery, fought the Turks at Ling Prefecture and defeated them. On dinghai the Turks asked for peace. Edit
In the tenth month, on xinsi, the emperor went to Zhoushi Pool and hunted on the northern plain. On renwu he went to the Longyue Palace. Edit
In the eleventh month, on xinmao, he went to Yi Prefecture and hunted on the western plain. Pei Ju was dismissed. On gengzi there was a military exercise at Tongguan. Yuwen Shiji, Adjutant of the Heavenly Strategy Office, was made temporary Acting Director of the Chancellery. On xinchou Yuanshu's fief was moved to Prince of Wu and Yuanqing's to Prince of Chen. On guimao Shimin, Prince of Qin, was made Director of the Secretariat and Yuanji, Prince of Qi, Director of the Chancellery. On guichou the emperor hunted on the northern plain of Huachi. Edit
In the twelfth month, on xinyou, he returned from Huachi. On gengchen he hunted at Mingdu Spring. On xinsi he returned from Mingdu Spring. Edit
In the ninth year, the first month, on jiayin, Pei Ji was made Grand Minister of Works. Edit
In the second month, on gengshen, Yuanji, Prince of Qi, was made Grand Minister of Education. On renwu a comet appeared in the lunar mansions Wei and Mao. On dinghai a comet appeared in Juanshe. Edit
In the third month, on gengyin, the emperor visited Kunming Pool to practise naval warfare. On renchen he returned from Kunming Pool. On bingwu he went to Zhoushi Pool. On yimao he returned from Zhoushi Pool. On dingsi the Turks raided Liang Prefecture, and its Area Commander-in-chief Youliang, Prince of Changle Commandery, defeated them. Edit
In the fourth month, on xinsi, the teachings of the Buddha and of Laozi were abolished. Edit
In the sixth month, on dingsi, Venus crossed the sky. On gengshen Shimin, Prince of Qin, killed the Crown Prince Jiancheng and Yuanji, Prince of Qi. There was a general amnesty. The teachings of the Buddha and of Laozi were restored. On guihai Shimin, Prince of Qin, was made Crown Prince and took charge of the government. Those who were their fathers' heirs were allowed to inherit their merit ranks and titles; officials appointed by red warrant were made substantive; and the people were excused their arrears of rent and old taxes. On jimao Venus was seen by day. On gengchen Yuan, Area Commander-in-chief of Youzhou and Prince of Lujiang Commandery, rebelled and was put to death. On guiwei those within the jurisdiction of You Prefecture who had been led astray by Yuan were pardoned. Edit
In the seventh month, on xinmao, Yang Gongren was dismissed. Gao Shilian, Right Mentor of the Heir Apparent, was made Director of the Chancellery, Fang Xuanling, Left Mentor of the Heir Apparent, Director of the Secretariat, and Xiao Yu Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs. On guisi Yuwen Shiji was made Director of the Secretariat and Feng Deyi Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs. On xinhai Venus was seen by day. On jiayin Venus was seen by day. Edit
In the eighth month, on bingchen, the Turks asked for peace. On dingsi Venus was seen by day. On renxu the Tuyuhun asked for peace. On jiazi the Crown Prince took the imperial throne. Edit
In the third year of Zhenguan the Emperor Emeritus moved to live in the Da'an Palace. In the fifth month of the ninth year he died in the front Chuigong Hall, aged seventy-one. He was given the posthumous name Taiwu and the temple name Gaozu. In the first year of Shangyuan his posthumous name was changed to Emperor Shenyao. In the eighth year of Tianbao he was named Emperor Shenyao Dasheng, and in the thirteenth year the name was extended to Emperor Shenyao Dasheng Daguang Xiao. Edit
The appraisal says: Since antiquity, no ruler who received the Mandate has reigned without virtue. From the Xiahou clan onward, the throne first passed down by generations, and among the heirs some were worthy and some unworthy, so that the number of generations a house lasted was sometimes short and sometimes long. Commentators say that the Zhou, from Hou Ji down to King Wen and King Wu, piled up merit and gathered benevolence over a long time, and that this is why its line lasted especially long. Yet if we look into the Origins of Generations, the Xia, Shang and Zhou all came from the Yellow Emperor; and for the Xia before Gun, and for the Shang from Xie down to Cheng Tang, there is only silence and nothing is heard of them, which is unlike the rise of the Zhou. The Han, too, rose from a village headman among rebels and fugitives. Yet once they rose, each held the empire for several hundred years before it ended. From this we may say: how could the Mandate of Heaven be easy to know! Still, if we look at their beginnings and ends, their order and disorder, and consider how thick or thin their merit and virtue were and how their institutions and laws held them together, we see that among their later generations some grew steadily in glory, some fell suddenly into ruin and disorder, some slowly declined, some were able to rouse themselves and rise again, and some came at last to a state that could not be propped up. Though each followed the course of its own circumstances, those with virtue flourished and those without it were cut off. Is this not what is meant when it is said that the Mandate of Heaven seldom shows its signs plainly, so that those who hold a state must be watchful and strive on their own account? The Tang, in the time of the Zhou and the Sui, was indeed a noble house, but where was there any slow piling up of merit and gathering of benevolence? And how did the rise of Gaozu differ from that of a man who seized his moment and rose on his own? Though the Tang had times of order and of disorder, and was at times broken off or brought low, it held the empire for nearly three hundred years; it may be called great! Was this not because people were weary of the disorder of the Sui and received the blessings of the new house's virtue, and then came the good government of Taizong, whose institutions and laws gave later generations something to lean on and be upheld by, so that it could prolong its Mandate of Heaven? Edit
Collation notes
Area Commander of Anzhou under the Zhou: "Zhou" was originally "Sui" in all editions. The table of the imperial clan's lineage in juan 70A of this book and the annals of Gaozu in juan 1 of the Old Book of Tang (below, the Old Book) both have "Zhou". Note: Gaozu of Tang was born at Chang'an in the first year of Tianhe of the Zhou and inherited the title Duke of the State of Tang at the age of seven, which was the first year of Jiande of the Zhou; so Bing died under the Zhou and did not live into the Sui. "Zhou" is correct, and the text has been corrected accordingly. Edit
Mu Duan'er: "Mu" is the same in the Bona edition, the photographic reprint of the Southern Song ten-column Min edition (below, the ten-column edition), the Palace edition and the Provincial Press edition; the Ji edition has "Ma". The Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government (below, the Mirror), juan 182, has "Wu" [a different character], and the commentary of Hu Sanxing (below, Hu's commentary) says: "Wu is pronounced wu; it is a surname." Edit
Yin Kaishan, Magistrate of Shi'ai County, was made Clerk: for "Magistrate of Shi'ai County", the biography of Yin Kaishan in juan 90 of this book, the biography of Yin Qiao in juan 58 of the Old Book and juan 184 of the Mirror all have "Magistrate of Taigu". Edit
"On gengwu he took Wei Prefecture, and its Area Commander Pan Daoyi died there. On xinwei he took Shen Prefecture": "Shen" was originally "Ye" in all editions; juan 189 of the Mirror has "Shen". Note: the treatise on geography in juan 39 of this book, under Shen County of Wei Prefecture, says: "In the fifth year of Wude, Shen, Linhuang, Wuyang and Wushui of Bo Prefecture were made Shen Prefecture." So Shen Prefecture was carved out of Wei Prefecture. Since the text says "on gengwu he took Wei Prefecture", what he took the next day, xinwei, should be Shen Prefecture. The text has been corrected accordingly. Edit
Ge Dewei: the biography of Liu Heita in juan 86 of this book and juan 190 of the Mirror both have "Zhuge Dewei". Edit
The Tibetans took Fang Prefecture: juan 190 of the Mirror has "the Tuyuhun raided Fang Prefecture". Edit
The English was translated from the original by an AI, not checked sentence by sentence by a person, and is for reference; where it differs from the original, the original is right. Names are in pinyin. If a sentence is wrong, use “Edit” after the paragraph to correct it - no need to sign in.
Source: 新唐书 卷一 本纪第一 高祖 (New Book of Tang, juan 1, Annals 1: Gaozu)
Wikipedia: Emperor Gaozu of Tang · Chinese Wikipedia: 李渊 · Baidu Baike: 李渊 (an article of the same name, not checked to be him)
Source
From the historical record: the notes below say where · tang-zongshi-00026
Notes (2)
- [Source] 新唐书 卷一 本纪第一 高祖 New Book of Tang, juan 1, Annals 1: Gaozu
- [Collation note] 本纪：「高祖神堯大聖大光孝皇帝諱淵，字叔德，姓李氏，隴西成紀人也。」 The annals: “Gaozu (posthumous title: Shenyao Dasheng Daguang Xiao Huangdi), personal name Yuān, courtesy name Shūdé, of the Li clan, was a man of Chengji in Longxi.”