阿巴泰 Ābātài
Biography
饒餘敏郡王 阿巴泰
饒餘敏郡王阿巴泰，太祖第七子。初授台吉。歲辛亥，與費英東、安費揚古率師伐東海窩集部烏爾固辰、穆棱二路，俘千餘人，還。天命八年，偕台吉德格類等伐紥嚕特部，渡遼河，擊部長昂安。昂安攜妻子引牛車遁，師從之，昂邦章京達音布戰死。阿巴泰繼進，斬昂安及其子，俘其眾，還，太祖郊勞，並賚從徵將士。
太宗即位，封貝勒。阿巴泰語額駙揚古利、達爾漢曰：「戰則擐甲胄，獵則佩弓矢，何不得為和碩貝勒？」語聞，上曰：「爾等宜勸之，告朕何為？」天聰元年，察哈爾昂坤杜棱來歸，與宴。阿巴泰不出，曰：「我與諸小貝勒同列。蒙古貝勒明安巴克乃位我上，我恥之！」上以語諸貝勒，貝勒代善與諸貝勒共責之曰：「德格類、濟爾哈朗、杜度、岳託、碩託早從五大臣議政，爾不預焉。阿濟格、多爾袞，多鐸，先帝時使領全旗，諸貝勒皆先爾入八分。爾今為貝勒，得六牛錄，已逾分矣！乃欲與和碩貝勒抗行，得和碩貝勒，不更將覬覦耶？」阿巴泰引罪，罰甲胄、雕鞍馬四、素鞍馬八。
二年，與岳託、碩託伐錦州，明師退守寧遠，克墩台二十一，毀錦州、杏山、高橋三城，還。三年，從伐明，自喀喇沁波羅河屯行七日，偕阿濟格率左翼四旗及蒙古軍攻龍井關，夜半克之。明將易愛自漢兒莊赴援，擊斬之，取其城。會上克洪山口，逼遵化，敗明山海關援兵，克之。復趨通州，明總兵滿桂、侯世祿屯順義，阿巴泰偕岳託擊走之，獲馬千餘、駝百，順義亦下。
時袁崇煥、祖大壽以兵二萬屯廣渠門外，阿巴泰偕莽古爾泰等率師攻之。聞敵伏兵於右，諸貝勒相約入隘必趨右，若出中路，與避敵同。豪格趨右，敗伏兵，轉戰至城壕。阿巴泰出中路，亦破敵，與豪格師會。罷戰，諸貝勒議違約罪，阿巴泰當削爵。上曰：「阿巴泰非怯，以顧其二子，與豪格相失，朕奈何加罪於吾兄？」宥之。徇通州，焚其舟，略張家灣。從上至薊州，明兵五千自山海關至，奮擊，殲其眾。四年，從上圍永平，與濟爾哈朗邀斬叛將劉興祚。尋命守永平。明兵攻灤州，偕薩哈璘赴援，明兵引退，代還。
Abatai, Prince Raoyu Min of the Second Rank
Abatai, Prince Raoyu Min of the Second Rank, was the seventh son of Taizu. He was first made a taiji. In the xinhai year, with Feiyingdong and Anfeiyanggu, he led an army against the Wu'erguchen and Muleng routes of the Woji tribe of the Donghai, captured more than a thousand people, and returned. In the eighth year of Tianming, with the taiji Degelei and others, he attacked the Zhalute tribe, crossed the Liao River, and struck at the tribal chief Ang'an. Ang'an fled with his wife and children, driving ox carts; the army went after him, and the amban janggin Dayinbu was killed in battle. Abatai pressed on after him, killed Ang'an and his son, captured his people, and returned; Taizu welcomed them at the outskirts and rewarded the officers and men who had gone on the campaign. Edit
When Taizong came to the throne, Abatai was made a Beile. Abatai said to the efu Yangguli and Da'erhan: "In battle I put on armour and helmet, and in the hunt I carry bow and arrows. Why can I not be a Heshuo Beile?" When this was reported, the emperor said: "You should talk him round; why tell me?" In the first year of Tiancong, when Angkun Duleng of the Chaha'er came over to submit, a banquet was given for him. Abatai would not attend, saying: "I am ranked with the lesser Beile. The Mongol Beile Ming'anbake is even placed above me, and I am ashamed of it!" The emperor told the Beile of this, and the Beile Daishan and the other Beile together rebuked him, saying: "Degelei, Ji'erhalang, Dudu, Yuetuo and Shuotuo long ago joined the Five Ministers in the deliberations of state, and you had no part in them. Ajige, Duo'ergun and Duoduo were each given a whole banner to command in the late emperor's time, and all the Beile entered the Eight Shares before you. Now you are a Beile with six niru, which is already more than your due! And yet you want to stand level with the Heshuo Beile; if you were made a Heshuo Beile, would you not covet still more?" Abatai admitted his fault and was fined armour and helmet, four horses with carved saddles and eight with plain saddles. Edit
In the second year, with Yuetuo and Shuotuo, he attacked Jinzhou; the Ming army withdrew to hold Ningyuan, and they took twenty-one forts and watchtowers, destroyed the three cities of Jinzhou, Xingshan and Gaoqiao, and returned. In the third year he went on the campaign against the Ming; after a march of seven days from Boluohetun in the Kalaqin country, he and Ajige led the four banners of the left wing and the Mongol troops against Longjing Pass and took it at midnight. The Ming general Yi Ai came from Han'erzhuang to the rescue; Abatai attacked and killed him and took the town. Just then the emperor took Hongshan Pass and pressed on Zunhua; they defeated the Ming relief troops from Shanhai Pass and took Zunhua. They moved on to Tongzhou; the Ming Brigade Generals Man Gui and Hou Shilu were camped at Shunyi, and Abatai and Yuetuo drove them off, taking more than a thousand horses and a hundred camels, and Shunyi too fell. Edit
At this time Yuan Chonghuan and Zu Dashou were camped outside the Guangqu Gate with twenty thousand troops, and Abatai, with Manggu'ertai and others, led the army against them. Hearing that the enemy had troops in ambush on the right, the Beile agreed that on entering the narrows they must all make for the right, and that taking the middle road would count as avoiding the enemy. Haoge made for the right, defeated the ambush, and fought his way to the city moat. Abatai went by the middle road; he too broke the enemy, and joined Haoge's force. When the fighting was over, the Beile deliberated on the crime of breaking the agreement, and Abatai was judged to lose his rank. The emperor said: "Abatai was not afraid; he lost touch with Haoge because he was looking after his two sons. How can I punish my elder brother?" He pardoned him. Abatai took Tongzhou, burned its boats, and raided Zhangjiawan. He went with the emperor to Jizhou; when five thousand Ming troops came from Shanhai Pass, he struck hard and wiped them out. In the fourth year he went with the emperor to besiege Yongping, and with Ji'erhalang intercepted and killed the rebel general Liu Xingzuo. Soon he was ordered to hold Yongping. When the Ming troops attacked Luanzhou, he and Sahalin went to the rescue; the Ming troops withdrew, and he was relieved by others and returned. Edit
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五年，初設六部，掌工部事。從上圍大凌河，正黃旗圍北之西，鑲黃旗圍北之東，阿巴泰率巴牙喇兵為策應。大壽降，阿巴泰偕德格類、多爾袞、岳託以兵四千易漢裝，從大壽夜襲錦州，二更行，炮發不絕聲。錦州人聞之，謂大凌河兵逸，爭出應之，師縱擊，斬馘甚眾。霧，兩軍皆失伍，乃引還。七年，築蘭磐城，賜御用蟒衣一、紫貂皮八、馬一。詔問徵明及朝鮮、察哈爾三者何先，阿巴泰請先伐明。八月，略山海關，俘數千人還。上迎勞，責其不深入。八年，從徵宣府，至應州，克靈丘及王家莊。九年，阿巴泰病手痛，上曰：「爾自謂手痛不耐勞苦。不知人身血脈，勞則無滯。惟家居佚樂，不涉郊原，手不持弓矢，忽爾勞動，疾痛易生。若日以騎射為事，寧復患此？凡有統帥之責者，非躬自教練，士卒奚由奮？爾毋媮安，斯克敵制勝，身不期強而自強矣。」
崇德元年，封饒餘貝勒。偕阿濟格等伐明，克雕鶚堡、長安嶺堡，薄延慶，分兵克定興、安肅、容城、安州、雄、東安、文安、寶坻、順義、昌平十城。五十六戰皆捷，俘十數萬。師還，上出城十里迎勞，酌以金卮。上伐朝鮮，留防噶海城。三年，上伐喀爾喀，阿巴泰與代善留守，築遼陽都爾弼城，復治盛京至遼河道，道廣十丈，高三尺，濬壕夾之。副多爾袞率師伐明，毀邊牆入，越明都趨涿州，直抵山西。復東趨臨清，克濟南。略天津、遷安，出青山關，還。賜馬二、銀五千。四年，偕阿濟格略錦州、寧遠。
五年，偕多爾袞屯田義州，分兵克錦州城西九台，刈其禾；又克小凌河西二台。偕杜度伏兵寧遠，截明運道，奪米千石。移師敗明杏山、松山兵。時大軍更番圍錦州，阿巴泰屢往還其間。六年，坐從多爾袞去錦州三十里為營及遣士卒還家，論削爵，奪所屬戶口。詔寬之，罰銀二千。尋從上破洪承疇援兵十三萬。七年，錦州降，偕濟爾哈朗圍杏山，克之，還守錦州。敘功，賜蟒緞七十。
十月，授奉命大將軍伐明，內大臣圖爾格副之。自黃崖口入邊，敗明將白騰蛟等於薊州，破河間、景州。趨兗州，擒斬明魯王以派等。分徇萊州、登州、青州、莒州、沂州，南至海州。還略滄州、天津、三河、密雲。凡克城八十八，降城六，俘三十六萬，得金萬二千、銀二百二十萬有奇。八年五月，師還，上遣濟爾哈朗、多爾袞等郊迎三十里，賜銀萬。順治元年四月，進郡王。二年，統左右兩翼兵鎮山東，剿滿家洞土寇，尋還。三年，薨。康熙十年，追謚。
阿巴泰子五，有爵者四：尚建、博和託、博洛、岳樂，而岳樂襲爵。
In the fifth year, when the Six Ministries were first set up, he was put in charge of the Ministry of Works. He went with the emperor to besiege Dalinghe; the Plain Yellow Banner surrounded the west of the north side and the Bordered Yellow Banner the east of the north side, and Abatai led the bayara troops in support. When Dashou surrendered, Abatai, with Degelei, Duo'ergun and Yuetuo, took four thousand troops dressed as Chinese and went with Dashou to make a night attack on Jinzhou; they set out at the second watch, firing their cannon without pause. The people of Jinzhou heard it, thought the Dalinghe troops had broken out, and rushed out to meet them; the army fell on them and killed very many. A fog came down, both armies lost their formations, and they withdrew. In the seventh year he built the town of Lanpan, and was given one of the emperor's own python robes, eight sable skins and a horse. When an edict asked which should be attacked first, the Ming, Korea or the Chaha'er, Abatai asked to attack the Ming first. In the eighth month he raided Shanhai Pass and came back with several thousand captives. The emperor came out to welcome him, but rebuked him for not going deeper. In the eighth year he went on the campaign against Xuanfu, reached Yingzhou, and took Lingqiu and Wangjiazhuang. In the ninth year Abatai suffered from pain in his hand, and the emperor said: "You say your hand hurts and you cannot bear hard work. You do not know that the blood vessels of the body do not clog when they are worked. It is only when a man lives at ease at home, never goes out into the countryside and never holds a bow, that sudden exertion easily brings sickness and pain. If you made riding and archery your daily business, how would you suffer from this? If one who is charged with command does not drill his men himself, how will his soldiers be roused? Do not take your ease; then you will overcome the enemy and win, and your body will grow strong without your trying." Edit
In the first year of Chongde he was made Raoyu Beile. With Ajige and others he attacked the Ming, took Diao'e Fort and Chang'anling Fort, and pressed on Yanqing; with detached forces they took ten cities, Dingxing, Ansu, Rongcheng, Anzhou, Xiong, Dong'an, Wen'an, Baodi, Shunyi and Changping. They won all fifty-six battles and captured more than a hundred thousand people. When the army returned, the emperor came ten li out of the city to welcome them and poured him wine in a golden cup. When the emperor attacked Korea, Abatai was left to guard Gahai City. In the third year, when the emperor attacked the Ka'erka, Abatai and Daishan were left in charge at home; they built Du'erbi City at Liaoyang, and also made the road from Shengjing to the Liao River, ten zhang wide and three chi high, with ditches dug along both sides. As Duo'ergun's second in command he led an army against the Ming, broke through the frontier wall, passed by the Ming capital to make for Zhuozhou, and went straight on into Shanxi. Then he turned east to Linqing and took Jinan. He raided Tianjin and Qian'an, went out through Qingshan Pass, and returned. He was given two horses and five thousand taels of silver. In the fourth year, with Ajige, he raided Jinzhou and Ningyuan. Edit
In the fifth year, with Duo'ergun, he set up military farms at Yizhou, and with detached forces took nine watchtowers west of Jinzhou and reaped their crops; he also took two watchtowers west of the Xiaoling River. With Dudu he laid an ambush at Ningyuan, cut the Ming supply route, and seized a thousand shi of rice. Moving on, he defeated the Ming troops of Xingshan and Songshan. At this time the main army was besieging Jinzhou in turns, and Abatai went back and forth among them many times. In the sixth year he was found guilty of going along with Duo'ergun in making camp thirty li from Jinzhou and in sending soldiers home, and was sentenced to lose his rank and the households under him. An edict was lenient with him, and he was fined two thousand taels of silver. Soon he went with the emperor and defeated Hong Chengchou's relief army of 130,000. In the seventh year, when Jinzhou surrendered, he and Ji'erhalang besieged Xingshan and took it, then returned to hold Jinzhou. When merits were assessed he was given seventy bolts of python satin. Edit
In the tenth month he was appointed Grand General by Command to attack the Ming, with the Chamberlain of the Imperial Guard Tu'erge as his second. Entering the frontier at Huangyakou, he defeated the Ming general Bai Tengjiao and others at Jizhou, and broke Hejian and Jingzhou. He made for Yanzhou, and captured and killed the Ming Prince of Lu, Yipai, and others. With detached forces he took Laizhou, Dengzhou, Qingzhou, Juzhou and Yizhou, south as far as Haizhou. On the way back he raided Cangzhou, Tianjin, Sanhe and Miyun. In all he took eighty-eight cities, received the surrender of six, captured 360,000 people, and took twelve thousand taels of gold and more than 2,200,000 taels of silver. In the fifth month of the eighth year the army returned; the emperor sent Ji'erhalang, Duo'ergun and others thirty li out to welcome them, and gave Abatai ten thousand taels of silver. In the fourth month of the first year of Shunzhi he was raised to Prince of the Second Rank. In the second year he commanded the troops of both wings to hold Shandong and suppressed the local bandits of Manjiadong, and soon returned. In the third year he died. In the tenth year of Kangxi he was given a posthumous name. Edit
Abatai had five sons, four of whom held ranks: Shangjian, Bohetuo, Boluo and Yuele; and Yuele inherited the rank. Edit
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Source: 清史稿 卷二百一十七 列传四 诸王三 (Draft History of Qing, juan 217, Biographies 4: Princes 3)
Wikipedia: Abatai · Chinese Wikipedia: 阿巴泰 · Baidu Baike: 阿巴泰 (an article of the same name, not checked to be him)
Source
From the historical record: the notes below say where · qing-zongshi-00546
Notes (2)
- [Source] 清史稿 卷一百六十二 表二 皇子世表二 Draft History of Qing, juan 162, Table 2: Genealogical Table of the Emperors' Sons 2
- [Collation note] 表云：「太祖第七子。天命十一年，封貝勒。崇德元年，封饒餘貝勒。順治元年，晉饒餘郡王。三年，薨。康熙元年，追封饒餘親王。諡曰敏。」 The table: “Seventh son of Taizu. In Tianming 11 (1626), made Beile. In Chongde 1 (1636), made Raoyu Beile. In Shunzhi 1 (1644), promoted to Prince Raoyu of the Second Rank. In Shunzhi 3 (1646), died. In Kangxi 1 (1662), posthumously made Prince Raoyu of the First Rank. Given the posthumous name Min.”