多鐸 Duōduó
Biography
豫通親王多鐸
豫通親王多鐸，太祖第十五子。初封貝勒。
天聰二年，從太宗伐多羅特部有功，賜號額爾克楚呼爾。
三年，從上伐明，自龍井關入，偕莽古爾泰、多爾袞以偏師降漢兒莊城。會大軍克遵化，薄明都。廣渠門之役，多鐸以幼留後，明潰兵來犯，擊卻之。師還，次薊州，复擊破明援兵。
五年，從圍大凌河城，為正白旗後應，克近城台堡。明兵出錦州，屯小凌河岸，上率二百騎馳擊，明兵走。多鐸逐之，薄錦州，墜馬，馬逸入敵陣，乃奪軍校馬乘以還。
六年，從伐察哈爾，將右翼兵，俘其眾千餘
七年，詔問徵明及朝鮮、察哈爾三者何先，多鐸言：「我軍非怯於戰，豈可必得？夫攻山海關與攻燕京，等攻耳。臣以為宜直入關，庶饜士卒望，亦久遠計也。且相機審時，古今同然。我軍若弛而敵有備，何隙之可乘？吾何愛於明而必言和？亦念士卒勞苦，姑為委蛇。倘時可乘，何待再計。至察哈爾，且勿加兵；朝鮮已和，亦勿遽絕。當先圖其大者。」
八年，從上略宣府，自巴顏珠爾克進。尋攻龍門，未下，趨保安，克之。謁上應州。复略朔州，經五台山，還。敗明兵大同。
九年，上遣諸貝勒伐明，徇山西，命多鐸率師入寧、錦綴明師。遂自廣寧入，遣固山額真阿山、石廷柱率兵四百前驅。祖大壽合錦州、松山兵三千五百屯大凌河西，多鐸率所部馳擊之，大壽兵潰。命分道追擊，一至錦州，一至松山，斬獲無算。翌日，克台一，還駐廣寧。師還，上出懷遠門五里迎勞，賜良馬五、甲五。上嘉之曰：「朕幼弟初專閫，即能制勝，是可嘉也！」
Duoduo, Prince Yutong of the First Rank
Duoduo, Prince Yutong of the First Rank, was the fifteenth son of Taizu. At first he was enfeoffed as a beile. Edit
In the second year of Tiancong, he followed Taizong in the campaign against the Duoluote tribe and had merit, and was granted the title E'erkechuhu'er. Edit
In the third year, he followed the emperor in attacking the Ming, entering by Longjing Pass, and together with Manggu'ertai and Duo'ergun, with a flanking force, he took the surrender of Han'erzhuang City. The main army then took Zunhua and pressed on the Ming capital. In the battle at Guangqu Gate, Duoduo, being young, was left behind in the rear; Ming routed troops came to attack, and he drove them back. When the army returned and halted at Jizhou, he again defeated Ming relief troops. Edit
In the fifth year, he followed the army in besieging Dalinghe City, acting as rear support for the Plain White Banner, and took the forts and towers near the city. Ming troops came out of Jinzhou and camped on the bank of the Xiaolinghe; the emperor, leading two hundred cavalry, galloped to attack them, and the Ming troops fled. Duoduo pursued them, pressed up to Jinzhou, and fell from his horse; the horse bolted into the enemy ranks, so he seized a horse from an army officer and rode it back. Edit
In the sixth year, he followed the campaign against Chahar, commanding the troops of the right wing, and captured over a thousand of its people. Edit
In the seventh year, the emperor issued an edict asking which of the three should come first: campaigning against the Ming, against Korea, or against Chahar. Duoduo said: "It is not that our army is timid in battle, but how can victory be certain? Attacking Shanhai Pass and attacking Yanjing are equally just attacks. I consider that we should enter the Pass directly; this would satisfy the hopes of the soldiers, and is also a plan for the long term. Moreover, to seize the opportunity and judge the times is the same now as in antiquity. If our army grows slack and the enemy is prepared, what opening could we exploit? What affection do I have for the Ming that I must speak of peace? It is only that I think of the soldiers' toil and for the time being feign compliance. If the time can be exploited, why wait for further planning? As for Chahar, let us not for now send troops against it; Korea has already made peace, and we should not hastily break with it. We should first aim at the greater one." Edit
In the eighth year, he followed the emperor in the campaign through Xuanfu, advancing from Bayanzhu'erke. Soon he attacked Longmen but did not take it, then made for Bao'an and took it. He had an audience with the emperor at Yingzhou. He again campaigned through Shuozhou, passed Mount Wutai, and returned. He defeated Ming troops at Datong. Edit
In the ninth year, the emperor sent the beile to attack the Ming and ravage Shanxi, and ordered Duoduo to lead troops into Ningyuan and Jinzhou to tie down the Ming forces. So he entered from Guangning, sending the gushan ejen Ashan and Shi Tingzhu ahead as the vanguard with four hundred troops. Zu Dashou combined the troops of Jinzhou and Songshan, three thousand five hundred men, and camped west of the Dalinghe; Duoduo led his own troops at a gallop to attack them, and Dashou's troops were routed. He ordered the pursuit to divide by roads, one to Jinzhou and one to Songshan, killing and capturing countless men. The next day he took one tower and returned to garrison Guangning. When the army returned, the emperor went out five li from Huaiyuan Gate to welcome and reward them, and gave five good horses and five suits of armour. The emperor praised him, saying: "My young brother has just taken sole command of the army and could at once gain victory; this is commendable!" Edit
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崇德元年四月，封豫親王，掌禮部事。從伐朝鮮，自沙河堡領兵千人繼噶布什賢兵，至朝鮮都城。朝鮮全羅、忠清二道援兵至南漢山，多鐸擊敗之，收其馬千餘。揚古利為殘兵所賊，捕得其人，斬以祭。三年，伐錦州，自蒙古扎袞博倫界分率巴牙喇及土默特兵入明境，克大興堡，俘其居民，道遇明諜，擒之。詔與鄭親王濟爾哈朗軍會，經中後所，大壽以兵來襲，我軍傷九人，亡馬三十。多鐸且戰且走，夜達鄭親王所，合師薄中後所城。上統師至，敵不敢出。四年五月，上御崇政殿，召多鐸戒諭之，數其罪，下諸王、貝勒、大臣議，削爵，奪所屬入官。上命降貝勒，罰銀萬，奪其奴僕、牲畜三之一，予睿親王多爾袞。尋命掌兵部。十月，伐寧遠，擊斬明總兵金國鳳。
五年三月，命與鄭親王濟爾哈朗率師修義州城，駐兵屯田，並擾明山海關外，毋使得耕稼。五月，上臨視。附明蒙古多羅特部蘇班岱降，上命偕鄭親王以兵迎之，經錦州杏山，明兵來追，奮擊敗之，賜禦？良馬一。圍錦州，夜伏兵桑阿爾齋堡，旦，敵至，敗之，追至塔山，斬八十餘級，獲馬二十。六年三月，复圍錦州，環城立八營，鑿壕以困之。大壽城守蒙古將諾木齊約降，師縋以入，擊大壽，挈降者出，置之義州。明援兵自杏山至松山，多鐸與鄭親王率兩翼兵伏錦州南山西岡及松山北嶺，縱噶布什賢兵誘敵，夾擊，大敗之。
洪承疇以十三萬援錦州，上自盛京馳六日抵松山，環城而營，明兵震怖，宵遁。多鐸伏兵道旁，明總兵吳三桂、王朴自杏山奔寧遠，我軍追及於高橋，伏發，三桂等僅以身免。嗣與諸王更番圍松山，屢破敵。
七年二月，明松山副將夏承德遣人通款，以其子舒為質，約內應，夜半，我軍梯而登，獲承疇及巡撫邱民仰等。敘功，進豫郡王。复布屯寧遠邊外綴明師，俘獲甚夥。
順治元年四月，從睿親王多爾袞入關，破李自成，進親王。命為定國大將軍，南征，定懷慶。進次孟津，遣巴牙喇纛章京圖賴率兵先渡，自成守將走，沿河十五寨堡皆降。再進次陝州，克靈寶。再進，距潼關二十里，自成兵據山列營，噶布什賢噶喇依昂邦努山及圖賴、鄂碩等擊破之。
二年正月，自成親率步騎迎戰，師奮擊，殲其步卒，騎卒奔潰。及夜，屢犯屢北，鑿重壕，立堅壁。師進，發巨礮迭戰，自成兵三百騎沖我師，貝勒尼堪、貝子尚善等躍馬夾擊，屢破敵壘，屍滿壕塹，械冑彌山野，自成精銳略盡，遁歸西安，其將馬世堯率七千人降。入潼關，獲世堯所遣致自成書，斬以徇。進次西安，自成先五日毀室廬，挈子女輜重，出藍田口，竄商州，南走湖廣。二月，詔以陝西賊付英親王阿濟格，趣多鐸自河南趨淮、揚。師退徇南陽、開封，趨歸德，諸州縣悉降。所至設官吏，安集流亡。詔褒多鐸功，賜嵌珠佩刀、䤹金鞓帶。四月，師進次泗州，渡淮趨揚州，遣兵部尚書漢岱等先驅，得舟三百餘，圍七日，克之，殺明大學士史可法。五月，師再進，次揚子江北岸，明將鄭鴻逵等以水師守瓜洲、儀真。師列營相持，造船二百餘，遣固山額真拜音圖將水師薄南岸，復遣梅勒額真李率泰護諸軍渡江。明福王由崧走太平。師再進，明忻城伯趙之龍等率文武將吏，籍馬步兵二十三萬有奇，使迎師。
多鐸至南京，承製受其降，撫輯遺民。遣貝勒尼堪、貝子屯齊徇太平，追擊明福王。福王復走蕪湖，圖賴等邀之江口，擊殺明將黃得功，獲福王。捷聞，上遣侍臣慰勞。明潞王常淓守杭州，遣貝勒博洛率師討之，潞王降。江、浙底定。多鐸承製改南京為江南省，疏請授江寧、安慶巡撫以下官。別遣精奇尼哈番吳兆勝徇廬江、和州，並下。詔遣貝勒勒克德渾代鎮江寧，召多鐸還京師。上幸南苑行郊勞禮，進封德豫親王，賜黑狐冠、紫貂朝服、金五千、銀五萬、馬十、鞍二。
三年，命為揚威大將軍，偕承澤郡王碩塞討蘇尼特部騰機思、騰機特等。師至盈阿爾察克山，聞騰機思方在袞噶嚕台，疾行三晝夜，敗之於諤特克山，斬台吉茂海。渡圖拉河，追至布爾哈圖山，斬騰機特子二、騰機思孫三，盡獲其孥。師次扎濟布喇克，喀爾喀土謝圖汗遣兵二萬，碩雷車臣汗遣兵三萬，迎戰。我師奮擊，逐北三十餘裡，先後斬級數千，俘千餘，獲駝千九百、馬二萬一千一百、牛萬六千九百、羊十三萬五千三百有奇。師還，上出安定門迎勞，加賜王鞍馬一。
四年，進封為輔政叔德豫親王，賜金千、銀萬、鞍馬二，封冊增錄功勳。
六年三月，以痘薨，年三十六。
九年三月，睿親王既削爵，以同母弟追降郡王。
康熙十年，追諡。
乾隆四十三年正月，詔配享太廟。
多鐸子八，有爵者四：多尼、董額、察尼、多爾博、費揚古。費揚古自三等奉國將軍進封輔國公，坐事，奪爵。
In the fourth month of the first year of Chongde, he was enfeoffed as Prince Yu of the First Rank and put in charge of the affairs of the Board of Rites. He followed the campaign against Korea; from Shahebu he led a thousand men to follow up the troops of Gabushixian, and reached the Korean capital. Korean relief troops from the two circuits of Jeolla and Chungcheong arrived at Namhansan, and Duoduo defeated them and took over a thousand of their horses. Yangguli was killed by straggling troops; the man was caught and beheaded as a sacrifice. In the third year, he campaigned against Jinzhou; from the border of Zhagun Bolun of the Mongols he led the Bayala and Tumet troops in separate columns into Ming territory, took Daxing Fort, captured its inhabitants, and on the road met a Ming spy and seized him. An edict ordered him to join forces with Ji'erhalang, Prince Zheng of the First Rank; as they passed Zhonghousuo, Dashou came with troops to attack, and our army had nine wounded and lost thirty horses. Duoduo fought as he retreated and by night reached the quarters of the Prince Zheng, and the combined force pressed on the city of Zhonghousuo. The emperor arrived leading the army, and the enemy did not dare to come out. In the fifth month of the fourth year, the emperor came to the Chongzheng Hall, summoned Duoduo, admonished him and enumerated his offences, and referred the matter to the princes, beile and ministers for deliberation; it was decided to strip his title and confiscate his subordinates to the state. The emperor ordered him instead to be demoted to beile, fined ten thousand taels of silver, and had one third of his bondservants and livestock taken away and given to Duo'ergun, Prince Rui of the First Rank. Soon he was ordered to take charge of the Board of War. In the tenth month, he campaigned against Ningyuan, and struck and killed the Ming Brigade General Jin Guofeng. Edit
In the third month of the fifth year, he was ordered with Ji'erhalang, Prince Zheng of the First Rank, to lead troops to repair the city of Yizhou, station troops and open military farms, and also to harass the area outside Shanhai Pass so that the Ming could not plough and sow. In the fifth month, the emperor came to inspect. Subandai of the Duoluote tribe of Mongols, who had attached himself to the Ming, came to surrender, and the emperor ordered Duoduo with the Prince Zheng to meet him with troops; passing Xingshan near Jinzhou, Ming troops came in pursuit, and he attacked fiercely and defeated them, and was granted an imperial [...] good horse. They besieged Jinzhou; by night he laid an ambush at Sang'ar Zhai Fort, and at dawn the enemy arrived and was defeated; he pursued as far as Tashan, killed over eighty and captured twenty horses. In the third month of the sixth year, he again besieged Jinzhou, set up eight camps in a ring around the city, and dug moats to hem it in. The Mongol commander defending Dashou's city, Nuomuqi, arranged to surrender; the army was let down into the city by ropes, attacked Dashou, and brought out those who surrendered, whom it settled at Yizhou. Ming relief troops came from Xingshan to Songshan; Duoduo and the Prince Zheng led the two wings and laid ambushes on the western ridge of the Southern Hill of Jinzhou and on the northern ridge of Songshan, and let the troops of Gabushixian go out to lure the enemy; attacking from both sides, they defeated them utterly. Edit
Hong Chengchou, with a hundred and thirty thousand men, came to relieve Jinzhou. The emperor galloped six days from Shengjing and reached Songshan, encamped around the city, and the Ming troops, shaken with fear, fled by night. Duoduo laid an ambush by the roadside; the Ming Brigade Generals Wu Sangui and Wang Pu fled from Xingshan to Ningyuan, and our army caught up with them at Gaoqiao; the ambush struck, and Sangui and the others escaped with their lives only. Afterward, he took turns with the other princes in besieging Songshan, and repeatedly broke the enemy. Edit
In the second month of the seventh year, Xia Chengde, Ming Deputy General at Songshan, sent a man to open communication, giving his son Shu as hostage and arranging to act from inside; at midnight our troops climbed up by ladders, and captured Chengchou, the Governor Qiu Minyang and others. In recognition of his merit, he was promoted to Prince Yu of the Second Rank. He again deployed camps outside the Ningyuan border to tie down the Ming forces, and took many prisoners and spoils. Edit
In the fourth month of the first year of Shunzhi, he followed Duo'ergun, Prince Rui of the First Rank, into the Pass, defeated Li Zicheng, and was promoted to Prince of the First Rank. He was ordered to be Grand General Who Settles the State, campaigned south, and pacified Huaiqing. Advancing and halting at Mengjin, he sent the Bayala banner officer Tulai to lead troops across first; Zicheng's defending general fled, and the fifteen fortresses along the river all surrendered. Advancing again to Shanzhou, he took Lingbao. Advancing further, to twenty li from Tong Pass, Zicheng's troops held the hills and lined up camps there, and Nushan, the Gabushixian Gala'i ang'bang, together with Tulai, E'shuo and others, broke them. Edit
In the first month of the second year, Zicheng in person led infantry and cavalry to give battle; our troops attacked fiercely and destroyed his infantry, and his cavalry broke and fled. By night they attacked repeatedly and were defeated repeatedly; they dug double moats and built strong walls. Our troops advanced, firing heavy cannon and engaging in turn; three hundred of Zicheng's cavalry charged our troops, and Nikan the beile, Shangshan the beizi and others spurred their horses and attacked from both sides, breaking the enemy ramparts many times, until corpses filled the moats and trenches and weapons and armour covered the hills and fields. Zicheng's elite troops were nearly all lost, and he fled back to Xi'an; his general Ma Shiyao led seven thousand men to surrender. They entered Tong Pass and captured the letter Shiyao had sent to Zicheng, and beheaded [the bearer] to make an example of him. Advancing to Xi'an, they found that Zicheng had five days before destroyed the houses, taken his children and baggage out by the Lantian Pass, fled to Shangzhou, and gone south to Huguang. In the second month, an edict handed the bandits of Shaanxi over to A'jige, Prince Ying of the First Rank, and urged Duoduo to go from Henan toward Huai and Yang. The army turned back to march through Nanyang and Kaifeng and headed for Guide; the departments and counties all surrendered. Wherever it went, he set up officials and gathered in and settled refugees. An edict praised Duoduo's merit and granted a pearl-inlaid sword and a gold-inlaid leather belt. In the fourth month, the army advanced and halted at Sizhou, crossed the Huai, and headed for Yangzhou, sending the Minister of War Handai and others ahead as vanguard; they obtained over three hundred boats, besieged the city for seven days and took it, killing the Ming Grand Secretary Shi Kefa. In the fifth month, the army advanced again and halted on the north bank of the Yangzi; the Ming general Zheng Hongkui and others held Guazhou and Yizhen with their navy. The army drew up camps and stood off against them, built over two hundred boats, and sent the gushan ejen Baiyintu with the navy to press on the south bank, and further sent the meile ejen Li Shuatai to protect the armies crossing the river. Yousong, Prince of Fu of the Ming, fled to Taiping. The army advanced again; Zhao Zhilong, Earl of Xincheng of the Ming, and others, leading the civil and military officials, registered the horse and foot soldiers at over two hundred and thirty thousand and sent them to welcome the army. Edit
Duoduo reached Nanjing, received their surrender by imperial authority, and comforted and gathered in the surviving people. He sent Nikan the beile and Tunqi the beizi to march on Taiping and pursue the Ming Prince of Fu. The Prince of Fu fled again to Wuhu; Tulai and others intercepted him at the river mouth, struck and killed the Ming general Huang Degong, and captured the Prince of Fu. When the news of victory was heard, the emperor sent attendant ministers to console and reward them. The Ming Prince of Lu, Chang'fang, was holding Hangzhou, and Boluo the beile was sent to lead troops against him; the Prince of Lu surrendered. Jiang[nan] and Zhe[jiang] were pacified. Duoduo, by imperial authority, changed Nanjing into Jiangnan Province, and in a memorial asked that officials from the Governors of Jiangning and Anqing downward be appointed. Separately, he sent Wu Zhaosheng, Jingqi nihafan, to march on Lujiang and Hezhou, and both fell. An edict sent Lekedehun the beile to garrison Jiangning in his place and summoned Duoduo back to the capital. The emperor went to the Southern Park and held the ceremony of greeting and rewarding in the suburbs; he was promoted to Prince De Yu of the First Rank and was granted a black-fox cap, a purple-sable court robe, five thousand taels of gold, fifty thousand taels of silver, ten horses and two saddles. Edit
In the third year, he was made Grand General Who Spreads Might and, together with Shuosai, Prince Chengze of the Second Rank, campaigned against Tengjisi, Tengjite and others of the Sunite tribe. When the army reached Ying'ercha'ke Mountain, he heard that Tengjisi was at Gun'galu Terrace, and marched hurriedly three days and three nights and defeated him at E'teke Mountain, killing the taiji Maohai. They crossed the Tula River and pursued as far as Buerhatu Mountain, where they killed two sons of Tengjite and three grandsons of Tengjisi, and captured all their dependants. The army halted at Zhajibulake; Tushetu Khan of the Kaerka sent twenty thousand troops and Shuolei Chechen Khan thirty thousand to meet them in battle. Our troops attacked fiercely and pursued the beaten for over thirty li, killing several thousand in all and capturing over a thousand people, and taking one thousand nine hundred camels, twenty-one thousand one hundred horses, sixteen thousand nine hundred cattle and over one hundred thirty-five thousand three hundred sheep. When the army returned, the emperor went out of Anding Gate to welcome and reward them, and added a gift to the prince of a saddle and a horse. Edit
In the fourth year, he was promoted to Prince De Yu of the First Rank, Uncle Assisting in the Government, and was given a thousand taels of gold, ten thousand taels of silver, and two saddled horses; the patent of enfeoffment was extended to record his meritorious deeds. Edit
In the third month of the sixth year he died of smallpox, aged thirty-six. Edit
In the third month of the ninth year, after the Prince Rui had been stripped of his title, Duoduo, as his full brother, was posthumously demoted to Prince of the Second Rank. Edit
In the tenth year of Kangxi, he was given a posthumous name. Edit
In the first month of the forty-third year of Qianlong, an edict ordered that he share in the sacrifices in the Imperial Ancestral Temple. Edit
Duoduo had eight sons, of whom four held titles: Duoni, Dong'e, Chani, Duo'erbo, and Feiyanggu. Feiyanggu was promoted from General Who Supports the State, third class, to Duke Who Assists the State, and, being implicated in an offence, was deprived of his title. Edit
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Source: 清史稿 卷二百一十八 列传五 诸王四 (Draft History of Qing, juan 218, Biographies 5: Princes 4)
Wikipedia: Dodo, Prince Yu · Chinese Wikipedia: 多鐸 · Baidu Baike: 多铎 (an article of the same name, not checked to be him)
Source
From the historical record: the notes below say where · qing-zongshi-01599
Notes (2)
- [Source] 清史稿 卷一百六十二 表二 皇子世表二 Draft History of Qing, juan 162, Table 2: Genealogical Table of the Emperors' Sons 2
- [Collation note] 表云：「太祖第十五子。初封貝勒。以功賜號額爾克楚虎爾。崇德元年，封豫親王。四年，緣事降貝勒。七年，晉豫郡王。順治元年，復晉豫親王。二年，以功加德豫親王。四年，加封輔政叔德豫親王。六年，薨。九年，坐多爾袞罪追降郡王，諡曰通。乾隆四十三年，復豫親王。以佐命殊功，配享太廟。」 The table: “Fifteenth son of Taizu. First made Beile. For merit, granted the title Erke Cuhur. In Chongde 1 (1636), made Prince Yu of the First Rank. In Chongde 4 (1639), over a matter, demoted to Beile. In Chongde 7 (1642), promoted to Prince Yu of the Second Rank. In Shunzhi 1 (1644), again promoted to Prince Yu of the First Rank. In Shunzhi 2 (1645), for merit, given the title Prince De Yu of the First Rank. In Shunzhi 4 (1647), further made Prince Regent and Uncle, Prince De Yu of the First Rank. In Shunzhi 6 (1649), died. In Shunzhi 9 (1652), for the offence of Duō’ěrgǔn, posthumously demoted to Prince of the Second Rank, given the posthumous name Tong. In Qianlong 43 (1778), restored as Prince Yu of the First Rank. For his outstanding service at the founding of the dynasty, given a place in the Imperial Ancestral Temple.”