濟爾哈朗 Jì'ěrhālǎng
Biography
子 鄭獻親王 濟爾哈朗
鄭獻親王濟爾哈朗，舒爾哈齊第六子。幼育于太祖。封和碩貝勒。天命十一年，伐喀爾喀巴林部、紮嚕特部，並有功。天聰元年，伐朝鮮，朝鮮國王李倧既乞盟，阿敏仍欲攻其國都。岳讬邀濟爾哈朗議，濟爾哈朗曰：「吾等不宜深入，當駐兵平山以待。」卒定盟而還。五月，從上伐明，圍錦州，偕莽古爾泰擊敗明兵。復移師寧遠，與明總兵滿桂遇，裹創力戰，大敗其衆。二年五月，偕豪格討蒙古固特塔布囊，戮之，收其衆歸。三年八月，伐明錦州、寧遠，焚其積聚。十月，上率師自洪山口入，濟爾哈朗偕嶽讬攻大安口，夜毀水門以進，擊明馬蘭營援兵。及旦，明兵立二營山上，濟爾哈朗督兵追擊，五戰皆捷，降馬蘭營、馬蘭口、大安口三營。引軍趨石門寨，殲明援兵，寨民出降。會師遵化，薄明都，徇通州張家灣。四年正月，從上圍永平，擊斬叛將劉興祚，獲其弟興賢。既克永平，與貝勒薩哈璘駐守，察倉庫，閱士卒，置官吏，傳檄下灤州、遷安。三月，阿敏代戍，乃引師還。
五年七月，初設六部，濟爾哈朗掌刑部事。從上圍大淩河，濟爾哈朗督兵收近城台堡。六年五月，從征察哈爾，還趨歸化城，收其衆千餘人。七年三月，城岫岩。五月，明將孔有德、耿仲明自登州來降，明總兵黃龍以水師邀之，朝鮮兵與會，濟爾哈朗與貝勒阿濟格等勒軍自鎮江迓有德等，明兵引去。
崇德元年四月，封和碩鄭親王。三年五月，攻甯遠，薄中後所城，明兵不敢出。移師克模龍關及五里堡屯台。四年五月，略錦州、松山，九戰皆勝，俘其衆二千有奇。五年三月，修義州城。蒙古多羅特部蘇班岱、阿爾巴岱附於明，屯杏山五里台，請以三十戶來歸。上命率師千五百人迎之，戒曰：「明兵見我寡，必來戰，可分軍為三隊以行。」夜過錦州，至杏山，使潛告蘇班岱等攜輜重以行。旦，明杏山總兵劉周智與錦州、松山守將合兵七千逼我師，濟爾哈朗縱師入敵陣，大敗之，賜禦厩良馬一。九月，圍錦州，設伏城南，敵不進，追擊破之。六年三月，復圍錦州，立八營，掘壕築塹，以困祖大壽。大壽以蒙古兵守外郛，台吉諾木齊等遣人約獻東關，為大壽所覺，與之戰。濟爾哈朗督兵薄城，蒙古兵縋以入，據其郛。遷蒙古六千餘人於義州，降明將八十餘。上御篤恭殿宣捷。四月，敗明援兵。五月，又敗之，斬級二千。六月，師還。九月，復圍錦州。十二月，洪承疇自松山遣兵夜犯我軍，我軍循壕射之，敵敗去，不得入，盡降其衆。七年，再圍錦州。三月，大壽降，隳松山、塔山、杏山三城以歸，賜鞍馬一、蟒緞百。
Son: Ji'erhalang, Prince Zhengxian of the First Rank
Ji'erhalang, Prince Zhengxian of the First Rank, was the sixth son of Shu'erhaqi. In childhood he was raised by Taizu. He was enfeoffed as a Heshuo Beile. In the eleventh year of Tianming, he campaigned against the Balin tribe and the Zha'lute tribe of the Kaerka, and had merit in both. In the first year of Tiancong, in the campaign against Korea, when the King of Korea, Li Zong, had already begged for a covenant, A'min still wished to attack his capital. Yuetuo invited Ji'erhalang to confer, and Ji'erhalang said: "We should not go deep; we should station troops at Pingshan and wait." In the end the covenant was settled and they returned. In the fifth month, he followed the emperor in the campaign against the Ming, besieged Jinzhou, and with Manggu'ertai defeated Ming troops. He then moved the army to Ningyuan and met the Ming Brigade General Man Gui, and fought hard with his wound bound up, and utterly defeated his troops. In the fifth month of the second year, together with Haoge he attacked the Mongol Gute, the tabunang, killed him, and brought back his people. In the eighth month of the third year, he attacked Jinzhou and Ningyuan of the Ming and burned their stores. In the tenth month, the emperor led the army in by Hongshan Pass, while Ji'erhalang with Yuetuo attacked Da'an Pass, destroyed the water gate by night and advanced, and struck the Ming relief troops from Malan Camp. At dawn, Ming troops set up two camps on the hill, and Ji'erhalang commanded the troops in pursuit and attack, winning in five battles, and received the surrender of three camps, Malan Camp, Malan Pass and Da'an Pass. Leading the army toward Shimen Stockade, he destroyed the Ming relief troops, and the people of the stockade came out and surrendered. They joined forces at Zunhua, pressed on the Ming capital, and marched through Zhangjiawan in Tongzhou. In the first month of the fourth year, he followed the emperor in besieging Yongping, and struck down and killed the rebel general Liu Xingzuo and captured his younger brother Xingxian. After Yongping was taken, he and Saha'lin the beile garrisoned it, inspected the storehouses, reviewed the troops, set up officials, and by proclamation brought Luanzhou and Qian'an to surrender. In the third month, A'min took over the garrison, and he led the army back. Edit
In the seventh month of the fifth year, the Six Boards were first established, and Ji'erhalang took charge of the affairs of the Board of Justice. He followed the emperor in besieging Dalinghe, and Ji'erhalang commanded troops to take the forts and towers near the city. In the fifth month of the sixth year, he followed the campaign against Chahar, and on returning went to Guihua City and took in over a thousand of its people. In the third month of the seventh year, he built the wall of Xiuyan. In the fifth month, the Ming generals Kong Youde and Geng Zhongming came from Dengzhou to surrender; the Ming Brigade General Huang Long tried to intercept them with his navy, and Korean troops joined in, and Ji'erhalang, with A'jige the beile and others, led the troops from Zhenjiang to meet Youde and the others, and the Ming troops withdrew. Edit
In the fourth month of the first year of Chongde, he was enfeoffed as Prince Zheng of the First Rank. In the fifth month of the third year, he attacked Ningyuan and pressed on the city of Zhonghousuo, but the Ming troops did not dare to come out. He moved the army and took Molong Pass and the tower of the Wuli Fort. In the fifth month of the fourth year, he raided Jinzhou and Songshan, winning nine battles out of nine, and captured over two thousand people. In the third month of the fifth year, he repaired the walls of Yizhou. Subandai and A'erbadai of the Duoluote tribe of Mongols had attached themselves to the Ming and were camped at Wuli Terrace in Xingshan, and asked to come over with thirty households. The emperor ordered him to lead fifteen hundred men to meet them, and warned him: "When the Ming troops see how few we are, they will surely come to fight; you may divide the army into three divisions to march." By night he passed Jinzhou and reached Xingshan and secretly sent word to Subandai and the others to bring their baggage and march. At dawn, Liu Zhouzhi, the Ming Brigade General of Xingshan, joined forces with the commanders of Jinzhou and Songshan, seven thousand men in all, and pressed on our army; Ji'erhalang let his troops charge into the enemy ranks and utterly defeated them, and was granted a good horse from the imperial stables. In the ninth month, he besieged Jinzhou, laid an ambush south of the city; the enemy did not advance, so he pursued and broke them. In the third month of the sixth year, he again besieged Jinzhou, set up eight camps, and dug moats and trenches to hem in Zu Dashou. Dashou used Mongol troops to hold the outer city, and the taiji Nuomuqi and others sent a man to arrange to hand over the East Gate, but Dashou found out and fought them. Ji'erhalang commanded troops to press on the walls, and the Mongol troops let them in by ropes, and he occupied the outer city. He moved over six thousand Mongols to Yizhou and received the surrender of over eighty Ming generals. The emperor took his seat in the Dugong Hall and proclaimed the victory. In the fourth month, he defeated Ming relief troops. In the fifth month, he defeated them again, killing two thousand. In the sixth month, the army returned. In the ninth month, he again besieged Jinzhou. In the twelfth month, Hong Chengchou sent troops from Songshan to attack our army by night; our army shot at them along the moat, the enemy was defeated and left, unable to get in, and all of their troops surrendered. In the seventh year, he besieged Jinzhou again. In the third month, Dashou surrendered, destroyed the three cities of Songshan, Tashan and Xingshan and came over, and he was granted a saddle and a horse and a hundred bolts of python satin. Edit
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八年，世祖即位，命與睿親王多爾袞同輔政。九月，攻寧遠，拔中後所，並取中前所。順治元年，王令政事先白睿親王，列銜亦先之。五月，睿親王率師入山海關，定京師。十月，封為信義輔政叔王，賜金千、銀萬、緞千疋。四年二月，以府第逾制，罰銀二千，罷輔政。五年三月，貝子屯齊、尚善、屯齊喀等訐王諸罪狀，言王當太宗初喪，不舉發大臣謀立肅親王豪格。召王就質，議罪當死，遂興大獄。勳臣額亦都、費英東、揚古利諸子侄皆連染，議罪當死，籍沒。既，改從輕比，王坐降郡王，肅親王豪格遂以幽死。
閏四月，復親王爵。九月，命為定遠大將軍，率師下湖廣。十月，次山東，降將劉澤清以叛誅。六年正月，次長沙，明總督何騰蛟，總兵馬進忠、陶養用等，合李自成餘部一隻虎等據湖南。王分軍進擊，拔湘潭，擒騰蛟。四月，次辰州，一隻虎遁走，克寶慶，破南山坡、大水、洪江諸路兵凡二十八營。七月，下靖州，進攻衡州，斬養用。逐敵至廣西全州，分軍下道州、黎平及烏撒土司，先後克六十餘城。七年正月，師還，賜金二百、銀二萬。
八年二月，偕巽親王滿達海、端重親王博洛、敬謹親王尼堪奏削故睿親王多爾袞爵，語詳睿親王傳。三月，以王老，免朝賀、謝恩行禮。九年二月，進封叔和碩鄭親王。十二年二月，疏言：「太祖創業之初，日與四大貝勒、五大臣討論政事得失，咨訪士民疾苦，上下交孚，鮮有壅蔽，故能掃清群雄，肇興大業。太宗纘承大統，亦時與諸王貝勒講論不輟，崇獎忠直，錄功棄過，凡詔令必求可以順民心、垂久遠者。又慮武備廢弛，時出射獵，諸王貝勒置酒高宴，以優戲為樂。太宗怒曰：『我國肇興，治弓矢，繕甲兵，視將士若赤子，故人爭效死，每戰必克。常恐後世子孫棄淳厚之風，沿習漢俗，即於慆淫。今若輩為此荒樂，欲國家隆盛，其可得乎？』遣大臣索尼再三申諭。今皇上詔大小臣工盡言，臣以為平治天下，莫要於信。前者軫恤滿洲官民，聞者懽忭。嗣役修乾清宮，詔令不信，何以使民？伏祈效法太祖、太宗，時與大臣詳究政事得失，必商榷盡善，然後布之詔令，庶幾法行民信，紹二聖之休烈。抑有請者，垂謨昭德，莫先于史。古聖明王，進君子，遠小人，措天下于太平，垂鴻名于萬世，繄史官是賴。今宜設起居注官，置之左右，一言一行，傳之無窮，亦治道之助也。」疏上，嘉納之。
五月，疾革，上臨問，奏：「臣受三朝厚恩，未及答，原以取雲貴，殄桂王，統一四海為念。」上垂涕曰：「天奈何不令朕叔長年耶！」言已，大慟。命工圖其像。翌日薨，年五十七。輟朝七日。賜銀萬，置守園十戶，立碑紀功。康熙十年六月，追諡。乾隆四十三年正月，詔配享太廟，復嗣王封號曰鄭。
濟爾哈朗子十一，有爵者四：富爾敦、濟度、勒度、巴爾堪。
富爾敦，濟爾哈朗第一子，封世子。順治八年，卒，諡悫厚。
In the eighth year, Shizu acceded to the throne, and he was ordered, together with Duo'ergun, Prince Rui of the First Rank, to assist in the government. In the ninth month, he attacked Ningyuan, took Zhonghousuo, and also took Zhongqiansuo. In the first year of Shunzhi, the prince ordered that government affairs be reported first to the Prince Rui, and that his titles be listed ahead of his own. In the fifth month, the Prince Rui led troops into Shanhai Pass and pacified the capital. In the tenth month, he was enfeoffed as Xinyi Prince Regent and Uncle, and was granted a thousand taels of gold, ten thousand taels of silver and a thousand bolts of satin. In the second month of the fourth year, because his residence exceeded the regulations, he was fined two thousand taels of silver and relieved of his post as regent. In the third month of the fifth year, Tunqi the beizi, Shangshan, Tunqika and others denounced the prince's various offences, saying that when Taizong had just died the prince did not report that ministers had plotted to set up Haoge, Prince Su of the First Rank. The prince was summoned to be confronted, it was deliberated that his crime merited death, and so a great case was opened. The sons and nephews of the meritorious ministers E'yidu, Feiyingdong and Yangguli were all implicated, and it was deliberated that their crimes merited death and their property be confiscated. Afterwards, it was changed to a lighter comparison, the prince was convicted and demoted to prince of the Second Rank, and Haoge, Prince Su of the First Rank, died in confinement. Edit
In the intercalary fourth month, his title of Prince of the First Rank was restored. In the ninth month, he was ordered to be Grand General Who Settles Distant Lands and to lead the army down into Huguang. In the tenth month, he halted in Shandong, where the surrendered general Liu Zeqing was put to death for rebellion. In the first month of the sixth year, he halted at Changsha; the Ming Governor-General He Tengjiao and the Brigade Generals Ma Jinzhong, Tao Yangyong and others, together with Yizhihu and others of Li Zicheng's remaining forces, held Hunan. The prince divided the army to advance and strike, took Xiangtan, and captured Tengjiao. In the fourth month, he halted at Chenzhou, Yizhihu fled, he took Baoqing, and broke the forces on the routes of Nanshanpo, Dashui and Hongjiang, twenty-eight camps in all. In the seventh month, he took Jing Department and attacked Hengzhou, and killed Yangyong. He pursued the enemy as far as Quanzhou in Guangxi, sent his forces separately to take Daozhou, Liping and the native chieftaincy of Wusa, and in all took over sixty cities. In the first month of the seventh year, the army returned, and he was granted two hundred taels of gold and twenty thousand taels of silver. Edit
In the second month of the eighth year, together with Mandahai, Prince Xun of the First Rank, Boluo, Prince Duanchong of the First Rank, and Nikan, Prince Jingjin of the First Rank, he memorialised asking that the late Duo'ergun, Prince Rui of the First Rank, be stripped of his title; the words are given in detail in the biography of the Prince Rui. In the third month, because the prince was old, he was excused from the ceremonies of court congratulation and thanks. In the second month of the ninth year, he was promoted to Uncle Prince Zheng of the First Rank. In the second month of the twelfth year, he memorialised: "At the start of Taizu's enterprise, he discussed daily with the four senior beile and the five great ministers the gains and losses of government, and consulted and visited the officers and people about their hardships; those above and below trusted each other, and there was seldom any blocking or concealment, and so he was able to sweep clean the rival heroes and begin the great undertaking. Taizong, succeeding to the great line, likewise often discussed and debated with the princes and beile without cease, honoured and rewarded loyalty and uprightness, recorded merit and set aside faults, and for every edict sought what could accord with the people's hearts and be handed down far into the future. He also feared that military preparedness would grow slack, and from time to time went out hunting with the bow; and when the princes and beile set out wine for great banquets and took pleasure in farces and plays, Taizong was angry and said: 'When our state first arose, we trained with bow and arrow, repaired armour and weapons, and regarded officers and men as newborn children; so every man vied to die for us, and every battle was certain to be won. I have always feared that later generations of sons and grandsons would abandon the simple and generous ways, follow the customs of the Chinese, and fall into licence and debauchery. Now that you all indulge in such idle pleasures, can the state hope to flourish?' He sent the minister Suoni to proclaim his command again and again. Now Your Majesty has issued an edict asking officials great and small to speak out fully, and I consider that for pacifying and ordering the world nothing is more important than good faith. Earlier you were compassionate toward Manchu officials and people, and those who heard it rejoiced. Later, in the building of the Qianqing Palace, the edict was not honoured; how then can the people be made to trust? I humbly beg that you follow Taizu and Taizong, and from time to time examine the gains and losses of government in detail with your ministers, deliberating until it is perfect, and only then issue it as an edict; thus laws may perhaps be carried out and the people have faith, and the splendid achievement of the two sages may be continued. There is one thing more that I ask: to hand down counsel and make virtue plain, nothing comes before history. The sage and enlightened rulers of antiquity advanced superior men and kept inferior men at a distance, set the world in great peace, and left a great name for ten thousand generations, and in this they depended on the historians. Now we ought to establish officers of the Diary of Activity and Repose, and place them on either side of you, so that every word and deed will be handed down without end, which will also be a help to the way of government." When the memorial was presented, the emperor praised and adopted it. Edit
In the fifth month, he was gravely ill, and the emperor came to ask after him. He memorialised: "I have received the great kindness of three reigns and have not yet repaid it; my wish is to take Yunnan and Guizhou, destroy the Prince of Gui, and unify all within the four seas." The emperor shed tears and said: "Why does Heaven not let my uncle live long!" Having spoken, he wept bitterly. He ordered artists to paint his portrait. The next day he died, aged fifty-seven. Court was suspended for seven days. He was granted ten thousand taels of silver, ten households were set to guard his tomb park, and a stele was erected to record his merits. In the sixth month of the tenth year of Kangxi, he was posthumously given a name. In the first month of the forty-third year of Qianlong, an edict ordered that he share in the sacrifices in the Imperial Ancestral Temple, and the title of the hereditary prince was restored, with the style Zheng. Edit
Ji'erhalang had eleven sons, of whom four held titles: Fu'erdun, Jidu, Ledu and Ba'erkan. Edit
Fu'erdun, the first son of Ji'erhalang, was made Heir Prince. In the eighth year of Shunzhi he died and was given the posthumous name Quehou. Edit
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Source: 清史稿 卷二百一十五 列传二 诸王一 (Draft History of Qing, juan 215, Biographies 2: Princes 1)
Wikipedia: Jirgalang · Chinese Wikipedia: 濟爾哈朗 · Baidu Baike: 济尔哈朗 (an article of the same name, not checked to be him)
Source
From the historical record: the notes below say where · qing-zongshi-01928
Notes (2)
- [Source] 清史稿 卷一百六十一 表一 皇子世表一 Draft History of Qing, juan 161, Table 1: Genealogical Table of the Emperors' Sons 1
- [Collation note] 表云：「舒爾哈齊第六子。初封貝勒。崇德元年，以軍功晉鄭親王。順治元年，加封信義輔政叔王。五年，緣事降郡王。旋復親王爵。九年，加封叔鄭親王。十二年，薨。諡曰獻。乾隆四十三年，以佐命殊功，配享太廟。」 The table: “Sixth son of Shū'ěrhāqí. First made Beile. In Chongde 1 (1636), for military merit, promoted to Prince Zheng of the First Rank. In Shunzhi 1 (1644), further made Xinyi Prince Regent and Uncle. In Shunzhi 5 (1648), over a matter, demoted to Prince of the Second Rank. Soon after, restored as Prince of the First Rank. In Shunzhi 9 (1652), further made Uncle Prince Zheng of the First Rank. In Shunzhi 12 (1655), died. Given the posthumous name Xian. In Qianlong 43 (1778), for his outstanding service at the founding of the dynasty, given a place in the Imperial Ancestral Temple.”