亨 Hēng
Biography
肅宗
肅宗文明武德大聖大宣孝皇帝諱亨，玄宗第三子也。母曰元獻皇后楊氏。初名嗣昇，封陝王。
開元四年，為安西大都護。性仁孝，好學，玄宗尤愛之，遣賀知章、潘肅、呂向、皇甫彬、邢璹等侍讀左右。
十五年，更名浚，徙封忠王，為朔方節度大使、單于大都護。
十八年，奚、契丹寇邊，乃以肅宗為河北道行軍元帥，遣御史大夫李朝隱等八總管兵十萬以伐之。居二歲，朝隱等敗奚、契丹於范陽北，肅宗以統帥功遷司徒。二十三年，又更名璵。
二十五年，皇太子瑛廢死，明年，立為皇太子。有司行冊禮，其儀有中嚴、外辦，其服絳紗。太子曰：「此天子禮也。」乃下公卿議。太師蕭嵩、左丞相裴耀卿請改「外辦」為「外備」，絳紗衣為朱明服，乃從之。二十八年，又更名紹。天寶三載，又更名亨。
安祿山來朝，太子識其有反相，請以罪誅之，玄宗不聽。祿山反。
十五載，玄宗避賊，行至馬嵬，父老遮道請留太子討賊，玄宗許之，遣壽王瑁及內侍高力士諭太子，太子乃還。六月丁酉，至渭北便橋，橋絕，募水濱居民得三千餘人，涉而濟。遇潼關散卒，以為賊，與戰，多傷，既而覺之，收其餘以涉，後軍多沒者。夕次永壽縣，吏民稍持牛酒來獻。新平郡太守薛羽、保定郡太守徐瑴聞賊且至，皆棄城走。己亥，太子次保定，捕得羽、瑴，斬之。辛丑，次平涼郡，得牧馬牛羊，兵始振。朔方留後支度副使杜鴻漸、六城水陸運使魏少游、節度判官崔漪、支度判官崔簡金、關內鹽池判官李涵、河西行軍司馬裴冕迎太子治兵于朔方。庚戌，次豐寧，見大河之險，將保之，會天大風，迴趨靈武。
Suzong
Suzong (posthumous title: Wenming Wude Dasheng Daxuan Xiao Huangdi) was named Heng; he was the third son of Xuanzong. His mother was Empress Yuanxian, of the Yang clan. He was first named Sisheng and was enfeoffed as Prince of Shan. Edit
In the fourth year of Kaiyuan he was made Grand Protector-General of Anxi. He was humane and filial by nature and loved learning, and Xuanzong was especially fond of him; he sent He Zhizhang, Pan Su, Lu Xiang, Huangfu Bin, Xing Shu and others to attend him as readers. Edit
In the fifteenth year his name was changed to Jun; he was moved to the title Prince of Zhong and made Grand Military Commissioner of Shuofang and Grand Protector-General of Chanyu. Edit
In the eighteenth year the Xi and the Khitan raided the frontier, and Suzong was made Field Marshal of the Hebei Circuit; the Censor-in-Chief Li Chaoyin and others, eight area commanders with a hundred thousand troops, were sent to attack them. Two years later Chaoyin and the others defeated the Xi and the Khitan north of Fanyang, and for his merit as supreme commander Suzong was promoted to Grand Minister over the Masses. In the twenty-third year his name was changed again, to Yu. Edit
In the twenty-fifth year the Heir Apparent Ying was deposed and died, and the next year Suzong was made Heir Apparent. When the officials in charge performed the rite of investiture, the ceremony included the calls "inner precautions" and "outer preparations complete", and the robe was of crimson gauze. The Heir Apparent said, "These are the rites of the Son of Heaven," and the matter was sent down to the ministers for discussion. The Grand Preceptor Xiao Song and the Left Chief Minister Pei Yaoqing asked that "outer preparations complete" be changed to "outer preparations made" and the crimson gauze robe be changed to the vermilion robe, and this was done. In the twenty-eighth year his name was changed again, to Shao. In the third year of Tianbao it was changed again, to Heng. Edit
When An Lushan came to court, the Heir Apparent saw that he had the looks of a rebel and asked that he be charged and put to death, but Xuanzong would not listen. Lushan rebelled. Edit
In the fifteenth year, when Xuanzong was fleeing the rebels and had reached Mawei, the elders blocked the road and asked that the Heir Apparent be left behind to fight the rebels. Xuanzong agreed, and sent Mao, Prince of Shou, and the Palace Attendant Gao Lishi to inform the Heir Apparent, who then turned back. In the sixth month, on dingyou, he reached the Bian Bridge north of the Wei; the bridge was broken, so he recruited more than three thousand people living by the river and waded across. He met scattered soldiers from Tong Pass and, taking them for rebels, fought them, and many were wounded; then he realised the truth, gathered the rest and crossed with them, and many of the rear troops were drowned. In the evening he halted at Yongshou County, where officials and people gradually came bringing beef and wine. Xue Yu, Governor of Xinping Commandery, and Xu Jue, Governor of Baoding Commandery, hearing that the rebels were about to arrive, both abandoned their cities and fled. On jihai the Heir Apparent halted at Baoding, caught Yu and Jue, and beheaded them. On xinchou he halted at Pingliang Commandery and obtained the horses, cattle and sheep of the pastures, and his troops began to revive. Du Hongjian, acting Acting Military Commissioner and Vice Commissioner of Supplies of Shuofang; Wei Shaoyou, Commissioner of Water and Land Transport for the Six Cities; Cui Yi, Administrative Assistant to the Military Commissioner; Cui Jianjin, Administrative Assistant for Supplies; Li Han, Administrative Assistant for the Salt Lakes of Guannei; and Pei Mian, Adjutant of the Army of Hexi, invited the Heir Apparent to muster troops at Shuofang. On gengxu he halted at Fengning and, seeing the strong defences of the Yellow River, meant to hold it, but a great wind arose and he turned and made for Lingwu. Edit
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七月辛酉，至于靈武。壬戌，裴冕等請皇太子即皇帝位。甲子，即皇帝位于靈武，尊皇帝曰上皇天帝，大赦，改元至德。賜文武官階、勳、爵，版授侍老太守、縣令。裴冕為中書侍郎、同中書門下平章事。甲戌，安祿山寇扶風，太守薛景仙敗之。
八月辛卯，張巡及安祿山將李廷望戰于雍丘，敗之。
十月辛巳朔，日有食之。癸未，次彭原郡。詔御史諫官論事勿先白大夫及宰相。始鬻爵、度僧尼。房琯為招討西京、防禦蒲潼兩關兵馬元帥，兵部尚書王思禮副之。南軍入于宜壽，中軍入于武功，北軍入于奉天。辛卯，河南節度副使張巡及令狐潮戰于雍丘，敗之。辛丑，房琯以中軍、北軍及安祿山之眾戰于陳濤斜，敗績。癸卯，琯又以南軍戰，敗績。是月，遣永王璘朝上皇天帝于蜀郡。璘反，丹徒郡太守閻敬之及璘戰于伊婁埭，死之。
十一月辛亥，河西地震。戊午，崔渙為江南宣慰使。郭子儀率回紇及安祿山戰于河上，敗之。史思明寇太原。
十二月，安祿山陷魯、東平、濟陰三郡。戊子，給復彭原郡二載。安祿山陷潁川，執太守薛愿及長史龐堅。
是歲，吐蕃陷巂州，嶺南溪獠梁崇牽陷容州。
二載正月，永王璘陷鄱陽郡。乙卯，安慶緒弒其父祿山。丙寅，河西兵馬使孟庭倫殺其節度使周佖，以武威郡反。乙亥，安慶緒將尹子奇寇睢陽郡，張巡敗之。
二月戊子，次于鳳翔。李光弼及安慶緒之眾戰于太原，敗之。丁酉，關西節度兵馬使郭英乂及安慶緒戰于武功，敗績。慶緒陷馮翊郡，太守蕭賁死之。慶緒將蔡希德寇太原。戊戌，庶人璘伏誅。庚子，郭子儀及安慶緒戰于潼關，敗之。壬寅，河西判官崔偁克武威郡，孟庭倫伏誅。甲辰，郭子儀及安慶緒戰于永豐倉，敗之，大將李韶光、王祚死之。
三月辛酉，韋見素、裴冕罷。憲部尚書致仕苗晉卿為左相。
四月戊寅，郭子儀為關內、河東副元帥。壬午，瘞陣亡者。庚寅，郭子儀及安慶緒將李歸仁戰于劉運橋，敗之。
五月癸丑，子儀及慶緒將安守忠戰于清渠，敗績。丁巳，房琯罷，諫議大夫張鎬為中書侍郎、同中書門下平章事。
六月癸未，尹子奇寇睢陽。丁酉，南充郡民何滔執其太守楊齊曾以反，劍南節度使盧元裕敗之。
七月己酉，太白經天。丁巳，安慶緒將安武臣陷陝郡。
八月丁丑，焚長春宮。甲申，崔渙罷。張鎬兼河南節度使，都統淮南諸軍事。靈昌郡太守許叔冀奔于彭城。癸巳，大閱。
閏月甲寅，安慶緒寇好畤，渭北節度使李光進敗之。丁卯，廣平郡王俶為天下兵馬元帥，郭子儀副之，以朔方、安西、回紇、南蠻、大食兵討安慶緒。辛未，京畿採訪宣慰使崔光遠及慶緒戰于駱谷，敗之；行軍司馬王伯倫戰于苑北，死之。
九月丁丑，慶緒陷上黨郡，執節度使程千里。壬寅，廣平郡王俶及慶緒戰于灃水，敗之。癸卯，復京師。慶緒奔于陝郡。尚書左僕射裴冕告太清宮、郊廟、社稷、五陵，宣慰百姓。
十月戊申，廣平郡王俶及安慶緒戰于新店，敗之，克陝郡。壬子，復東京，慶緒奔于河北。興平軍兵馬使李奐及慶緒之眾戰于武關，敗之，克上洛郡。吐蕃陷西平郡。癸丑，安慶緒陷睢陽，太守許遠及張巡、鄆州刺史姚誾、左金吾衞將軍南霽雲皆死之。癸亥，給復鳳翔五載，版授父老官。遣太子太師韋見素迎上皇天帝于蜀郡。丁卯，至自靈武，饗于太廟，哭三日。己巳，關內節度使王思禮及安慶緒戰于絳郡，敗之。
十一月丙子，張鎬率四鎮伊西北庭行營兵馬使李嗣業、陝西節度使來瑱、河南都知兵馬使嗣吳王祗克河南郡縣。庚子，作九廟神主，告享于長樂殿。
十二月丙午，上皇天帝至自蜀郡。甲寅，苗晉卿為中書侍郎、同中書門下平章事。戊午，大赦。靈武元從、蜀郡扈從官三品以上予一子官，四品以下一子出身。瘞陣亡者，致祭之，給復其家二載。免天下租、庸來歲三之一。禁珠玉、寶鈿、平脫、金泥、刺繡。復諸州及官名。以蜀郡為南京，鳳翔郡為西京，西京為中京。給復潞州五載，幷鄧許滑宋五州、雍丘好畤奉先縣二載，益州三載。賜文武官階、勳、爵，父老八十以上版授，加緋衣、銀魚，民酺五日。廣平郡王俶為太尉，進封楚王。苗晉卿為侍中，崔圓為中書令，李麟同中書門下三品。進封子南陽郡王係為趙王，新城郡王僅彭王，潁川郡王僩兗王，東陽郡王侹涇王。封子僙為襄王，倕𣏌王，偲召王，佋興王，侗定王。乙丑，史思明降。壬申，達奚珣等伏誅。
乾元元年正月戊寅，上皇天帝御宣政殿，授皇帝傳國、受命寶符，冊號曰光天文武大聖孝感皇帝。乙酉，出宮女三千人。庚寅，大閱。
二月癸卯，安慶緒將能元皓以淄、青降，以元皓為河北招討使。乙巳，上上皇天帝冊號曰聖皇天帝。丁未，大赦，改元。贈死事及拒偽命者官。成都、靈州扈從三品以上予一子官，五品以上一子出身，六品以下敍進之。免陷賊州三歲稅。賜文武官階、爵。
三月甲戌，徙封俶為成王。戊寅，立淑妃張氏為皇后。
四月辛亥，祔神主于太廟。甲寅，朝享于太廟，有事于南郊。乙卯，大赦，賜文武官階、勳、爵，天下非租、庸毋輒役使，有能賑貧窮寵以官爵，京官九品以上言事，二王、三恪予一子官。史思明殺范陽節度副使烏承恩以反。
五月戊子，張鎬罷。乙未，崔圓、李麟罷。太常少卿王璵為中書侍郎、同中書門下平章事。
七月，党項羌寇邊。
九月丙子，招討党項使王仲昇殺拓拔戎德。庚寅，郭子儀率李光弼、李嗣業、王思禮、淮西節度使魯炅、興平軍節度使李奐、滑濮節度使許叔冀、平盧兵馬使董秦、鄭蔡節度使季廣琛以討安慶緒。癸巳，大食、波斯寇廣州。
十月甲辰，立成王俶為皇太子。大赦。賜文武官階、爵，五品以上子為父後者勳兩轉。舉忠正孝友堪東宮官者。
十一月壬申，王思禮及安慶緒戰于相州，敗之。
十二月庚戌，戶部尚書李峘都統淮南、江東、江西節度使。丁卯，史思明陷魏州。
二年正月己巳，羣臣上尊號曰乾元大聖光天文武孝感皇帝。郭子儀及安慶緒戰于愁思岡，敗之。丁丑，祠九宮貴神。戊寅，耕籍田。
二月壬戌，中書門下慮囚。
三月己巳，皇后親蠶。壬申，九節度之師潰于滏水。史思明殺安慶緒。東京留守崔圓、河南尹蘇震、汝州刺史賈至奔于襄、鄧。郭子儀屯于東京。丁亥，以旱降死罪，流以下原之；流民還者給復三年。甲午，兵部侍郎呂諲同中書門下平章事。乙未，苗晉卿、王璵罷。京兆尹李峴為吏部尚書，中書舍人李揆為中書侍郎，戶部侍郎第五琦：同中書門下平章事。丙申，郭子儀為東畿、山南東、河南等道諸節度防禦兵馬元帥。
四月庚子，王思禮及史思明戰于直千嶺，敗之。壬寅，詔減常膳服御，武德中尚作坊非賜蕃客、戎祀所須者皆罷之。
五月辛巳，貶李峴為蜀州刺史。
七月辛巳，趙王係為天下兵馬元帥，李光弼副之。辛卯，呂諲罷。
八月乙巳，襄州防禦將康楚元、張嘉延反，逐其刺史王政。
九月甲子，張嘉延陷荊州。丁亥，太子少保崔光遠為荊襄招討、山南東道處置兵馬使。庚寅，史思明陷東京及齊、汝、鄭、滑四州。
十月乙巳，李光弼及史思明戰于河陽，敗之。壬戌，呂諲起復。
十一月庚午，貶第五琦為忠州刺史。
十二月乙巳，康楚元伏誅。史思明寇陝州，神策軍將衞伯玉敗之。
上元元年三月丙子，降死罪，流以下原之。
四月戊申，山南東道將張維瑾反，殺其節度使史翽。丁巳，有彗星出于婁、胃。己未，來瑱為山南東道節度使，以討張維瑾。
閏月辛酉，有彗星出于西方。甲戌，徙封係為越王。己卯，大赦，改元，賜文武官爵。追封太公望為武成王。復死刑三覆奏。是月，大饑。張維瑾降。
五月丙午，太子太傅苗晉卿為侍中。壬子，呂諲罷。
六月乙丑，鳳翔節度使崔光遠及羌、渾、党項戰于涇、隴，敗之。乙酉，又敗之于普潤。李光弼及史思明戰于懷州，敗之。
七月丁未，聖皇天帝遷于西內。
十一月甲午，揚州長史劉展反，陷潤州。丙申，陷昇州。壬子，李峘、淮南節度使鄧景山及劉展戰于淮上，敗績。
是歲，吐蕃陷廓州。西原蠻寇邊，桂州經略使邢濟敗之。
二年正月甲寅，降死罪，流以下原之。乙卯，劉展伏誅。
二月己未，奴剌、党項羌寇寶鷄，焚大散關，寇鳳州，刺史蕭𢘽死之，鳳翔尹李鼎敗之。戊寅，李光弼及史思明戰于北邙，敗績。思明陷河陽。癸未，貶李揆為袁州長史。河中節度使蕭華為中書侍郎、同中書門下平章事。乙酉，來瑱及史思明戰于魯山，敗之。
三月甲午，史朝義寇陝州，神策軍節度使衞伯玉敗之。戊戌，史朝義弒其父思明。李光弼罷副元帥。
四月己未，吏部侍郎裴遵慶為黃門侍郎、同中書門下平章事。乙亥，青密節度使尚衡及史朝義戰，敗之。丁丑，兗鄆節度使能元皓又敗之。壬午，劍南東川節度兵馬使段子璋反，陷綿州，遂州刺史嗣虢王巨死之，節度使李奐奔于成都。
五月甲午，史朝義將令狐彰以滑州降。戊戌，平盧軍節度使侯希逸及史朝義戰于幽州，敗之。庚子，李光弼為河南道副元帥。劍南節度使崔光遠克東川，段子璋伏誅。
七月癸未朔，日有食之。
八月辛巳，殿中監李國貞都統朔方、鎮西、北庭、興平、陳鄭、河中節度使。
九月壬寅，大赦，去「乾元大聖光天文武孝感」號，去「上元」號，稱元年，以十一月為歲首，月以斗所建辰為名。賜文武官階、勳、爵，版授侍老官，先授者敍進之。停四京號。
元年建子月癸巳，曹州刺史常休明及史朝義將薛㟧戰，敗之。己亥，朝聖皇天帝于西內。丙午，衞伯玉及史朝義戰于永寧，敗之。己酉，朝獻于太清宮。庚戌，朝享于太廟及元獻皇后廟。
建丑月辛亥，有事于南郊。己未，來瑱及史朝義戰于汝州，敗之。乙亥，侯希逸及朝義將李懷仙戰于范陽，敗之。
寶應元年建寅月甲申，追冊靖德太子琮為皇帝，妃竇氏為皇后。乙酉，葬王公妃主遇害者。丙戌，盜發敬陵、惠陵。甲辰，李光弼克許州。吐蕃請和。戊申，史朝義陷營州。
建卯月辛亥，大赦。賜文武官階、爵。五品以上清望及郎官、御史薦流人有行業情可矜者。停貢鷹、鷂、狗、豹。以京兆府為上都，河南府為東都，鳳翔府為西都，江陵府為南都，太原府為北都。壬子，羌、渾、奴剌寇梁州。癸丑，河東軍亂，殺其節度使鄧景山，都知兵馬使辛雲京自稱節度使。乙丑，河中軍亂，殺李國貞及其節度使荔非元禮。戊辰，淮西節度使王仲昇及史朝義將謝欽讓戰于申州，敗績。庚午，郭子儀知朔方、河中、北庭、潞儀澤沁節度行營，興平、定國軍兵馬副元帥。壬申，鄜州刺史成公意及党項戰，敗之。
建辰月壬午，大赦，官吏聽納贓免罪，左降官及流人罰鎮効力者還之。甲午，奴剌寇梁州。戊申，蕭華罷。戶部侍郎元載同中書門下平章事。
建巳月庚戌，史朝義寇澤州，刺史李抱玉敗之。壬子，楚州獻定國寶玉十有三。甲寅，聖皇天帝崩。乙丑，皇太子監國。大赦，改元年為寶應元年，復以正月為歲首，建巳月為四月。丙寅，閑廄使李輔國、飛龍廄副使程元振遷皇后于別殿，殺越王係、兗王僩。是夜，皇帝崩于長生殿，年五十二。
贊
贊曰：天寶之亂，大盜遽起，天子出奔。方是時，肅宗以皇太子治兵討賊，真得其職矣！然以僖宗之時，唐之威德在人，紀綱未壞，孰與天寶之際？而僖宗在蜀，諸鎮之兵糺合勠力，遂破黃巢而復京師。由是言之，肅宗雖不即尊位，亦可以破賊矣。蓋自高祖以來，三遜于位以授其子，而獨睿宗上畏天戒，發於誠心，若高祖、玄宗，豈其志哉！代宗之時，餘孽猶在，平亂守成，蓋亦中材之主也！
In the seventh month, on xinyou, he reached Lingwu. On renxu Pei Mian and others asked the Heir Apparent to take the throne. On jiazi he took the throne at Lingwu, honoured the emperor as Shanghuang Tiandi [Supreme Emperor of Heaven], declared a general amnesty and changed the era name to Zhide. Civil and military officials were granted ranks, merit ranks and noble titles, and aged persons were granted by register the honorary titles of Governor and County Magistrate. Pei Mian was made Vice Director of the Secretariat and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. On jiaxu An Lushan raided Fufeng, and its Governor Xue Jingxian defeated him. Edit
In the eighth month, on xinmao, Zhang Xun fought An Lushan's general Li Tingwang at Yongqiu and defeated him. Edit
In the tenth month, on xinsi, the first day of the month, there was an eclipse of the sun. On guiwei the emperor halted at Pengyuan Commandery. An edict ordered that censors and remonstrance officials speaking on affairs need not first report to the Censor-in-Chief and the chief ministers. For the first time noble titles were sold and certificates of ordination for monks and nuns were issued for payment. Fang Guan was made Marshal of the Troops for the Recovery of the Western Capital and the Defence of the Two Passes of Pu and Tong, with Wang Sili, Minister of War, as his deputy. The Southern Army entered Yishou, the Central Army entered Wugong, and the Northern Army entered Fengtian. On xinmao Zhang Xun, Vice Military Commissioner of Henan, fought Linghu Chao at Yongqiu and defeated him. On xinchou Fang Guan with the Central and Northern Armies fought An Lushan's host at Chentaoxie and was defeated. On guimao Guan fought again with the Southern Army and was defeated. In this month Lin, Prince of Yong, was sent to pay court to the Supreme Emperor of Heaven in Shu Commandery. Lin rebelled; Yan Jingzhi, Governor of Dantu Commandery, fought Lin at the Yilou Dam and died there. Edit
In the eleventh month, on xinhai, there was an earthquake in Hexi. On wuwu Cui Huan was made Pacification Commissioner of Jiangnan. Guo Ziyi, leading the Uighurs, fought An Lushan on the Yellow River and defeated him. Shi Siming raided Taiyuan. Edit
In the twelfth month An Lushan took the three commanderies of Lu, Dongping and Jiyin. On wuzi Pengyuan Commandery was exempted from service for two years. An Lushan took Yingchuan and captured its Governor Xue Yuan and its Administrator Pang Jian. Edit
In this year the Tibetans took Xi Prefecture, and Liang Chongqian, a Xi Lao tribesman of Lingnan, took Rong Prefecture. Edit
In the second year, in the first month, Lin, Prince of Yong, took Poyang Commandery. On yimao An Qingxu murdered his father Lushan. On bingyin Meng Tinglun, Military Commander of Hexi, killed his Military Commissioner Zhou Bi and rebelled with Wuwei Commandery. On yihai An Qingxu's general Yin Ziqi raided Suiyang Commandery, and Zhang Xun defeated him. Edit
In the second month, on wuzi, the emperor halted at Fengxiang. Li Guangbi fought An Qingxu's host at Taiyuan and defeated it. On dingyou Guo Yingyi, Military Commander of the Guanxi Commission, fought An Qingxu at Wugong and was defeated. Qingxu took Pingyi Commandery, and its Governor Xiao Ben died there. Qingxu's general Cai Xide raided Taiyuan. On wuxu the commoner Lin was put to death. On gengzi Guo Ziyi fought An Qingxu at Tong Pass and defeated him. On renyin Cui Cheng, Administrative Assistant of Hexi, recovered Wuwei Commandery, and Meng Tinglun was put to death. On jiachen Guo Ziyi fought An Qingxu at the Yongfeng Granary and defeated him; his senior generals Li Shaoguang and Wang Zuo died there. Edit
In the third month, on xinyou, Wei Jiansu and Pei Mian were dismissed. Miao Jinqing, retired Minister of Justice, was made Left Chief Minister. Edit
In the fourth month, on wuyin, Guo Ziyi was made Vice Marshal of Guannei and Hedong. On renwu those who had died in battle were buried. On gengyin Guo Ziyi fought An Qingxu's general Li Guiren at the Liuyun Bridge and defeated him. Edit
In the fifth month, on guichou, Ziyi fought Qingxu's general An Shouzhong at Qingqu and was defeated. On dingsi Fang Guan was dismissed, and Zhang Hao, Grand Master of Remonstrance, was made Vice Director of the Secretariat and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit
In the sixth month, on guiwei, Yin Ziqi raided Suiyang. On dingyou He Tao, a commoner of Nanchong Commandery, seized its Governor Yang Qizeng and rebelled; Lu Yuanyu, Military Commissioner of Jiannan, defeated him. Edit
In the seventh month, on jiyou, Venus crossed the sky by day. On dingsi An Qingxu's general An Wuchen took Shan Commandery. Edit
In the eighth month, on dingchou, the Changchun Palace was burned. On jiashen Cui Huan was dismissed. Zhang Hao was concurrently made Military Commissioner of Henan and Commander-in-chief of all military affairs of Huainan. Xu Shuji, Governor of Lingchang Commandery, fled to Pengcheng. On guisi there was a grand review of troops. Edit
In the intercalary month, on jiayin, An Qingxu raided Haozhi, and Li Guangjin, Military Commissioner of Weibei, defeated him. On dingmao Chu, Prince of Guangping Commandery, was made Marshal of All the Armies of the Empire, with Guo Ziyi as his deputy, to attack An Qingxu with troops from Shuofang and Anxi and from the Uighurs, the Southern Man and the Arabs. On xinwei Cui Guangyuan, Investigation and Pacification Commissioner of the Capital Region, fought Qingxu at Luo Valley and defeated him; the Adjutant Wang Bolun fought north of the Park and died there. Edit
In the ninth month, on dingchou, Qingxu took Shangdang Commandery and captured its Military Commissioner Cheng Qianli. On renyin Chu, Prince of Guangping Commandery, fought Qingxu on the Feng River and defeated him. On guimao the capital was recovered. Qingxu fled to Shan Commandery. Pei Mian, Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, announced the news at the Palace of Great Purity, the suburban altars and the Ancestral Temple, the altars of soil and grain and the Five Tombs, and proclaimed comfort to the people. Edit
In the tenth month, on wushen, Chu, Prince of Guangping Commandery, fought An Qingxu at Xindian and defeated him, and recovered Shan Commandery. On renzi the Eastern Capital was recovered, and Qingxu fled to Hebei. Li Huan, Military Commander of the Xingping Army, fought Qingxu's host at Wu Pass, defeated it, and recovered Shangluo Commandery. The Tibetans took Xiping Commandery. On guichou An Qingxu took Suiyang; its Governor Xu Yuan, together with Zhang Xun, Yao Yin, Prefect of Yun Prefecture, and Nan Jiyun, General of the Left Imperial Insignia Guard, all died there. On guihai Fengxiang was exempted from service for five years, and its elders were granted offices by register. Wei Jiansu, Grand Preceptor of the Heir Apparent, was sent to welcome the Supreme Emperor of Heaven from Shu Commandery. On dingmao the emperor arrived from Lingwu, sacrificed at the Ancestral Temple and wailed for three days. On jisi Wang Sili, Military Commissioner of Guannei, fought An Qingxu at Jiang Commandery and defeated him. Edit
In the eleventh month, on bingzi, Zhang Hao, leading Li Siye, Military Commander of the Field Army of the Four Garrisons and Yixi-Beiting; Lai Tian, Military Commissioner of Shanxi; and Zhi, Prince of Wu by Succession and Chief Military Commander of Henan, recovered the commanderies and counties of Henan. On gengzi spirit tablets were made for the Nine Temples, and announcement and offerings were made in the Changle Hall. Edit
In the twelfth month, on bingwu, the Supreme Emperor of Heaven arrived from Shu Commandery. On jiayin Miao Jinqing was made Vice Director of the Secretariat and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. On wuwu there was a general amnesty. Of the original followers at Lingwu and the officials who had escorted the Supreme Emperor in Shu Commandery, those of the third rank and above were to have one son given office, and those of the fourth rank and below one son qualified for office as the one son so favoured. Those who had died in battle were buried and sacrificed to, and their families were exempted from service for two years. One third of next year's land tax and labour tax throughout the empire was remitted. Pearls and jade, jewelled inlay, lacquer inlay, gold paste and embroidery were forbidden. The old names of the prefectures and of offices were restored. Shu Commandery was made the Southern Capital, Fengxiang Commandery the Western Capital, and the Western Capital the Central Capital. Lu Prefecture was exempted from service for five years; the five prefectures of Bing, Deng, Xu, Hua and Song and the counties of Yongqiu, Haozhi and Fengxian for two years; and Yi Prefecture for three years. Civil and military officials were granted ranks, merit ranks and noble titles; elders of eighty and over were granted offices by register, with scarlet robes and silver fish tallies; and the people were given five days of public feasting. Chu, Prince of Guangping Commandery, was made Grand Commandant and raised to Prince of Chu. Miao Jinqing was made Director of the Chancellery, Cui Yuan Director of the Secretariat, and Li Lin Jointly of the Third Rank with the Secretariat-Chancellery. The emperor's sons were raised in title: Xi, Prince of Nanyang Commandery, became Prince of Zhao; Jin, Prince of Xincheng Commandery, Prince of Peng; Xian, Prince of Yingchuan Commandery, Prince of Yan; and Ting, Prince of Dongyang Commandery, Prince of Jing. His sons Huang was made Prince of Xiang, Chui Prince of Qi, Si Prince of Shao, Zhao Prince of Xing, and Tong Prince of Ding. On yichou Shi Siming surrendered. On renshen Daxi Xun and others were put to death. Edit
In the first year of Qianyuan, in the first month, on wuyin, the Supreme Emperor of Heaven came to the Xuanzheng Hall and handed the emperor the seal that passes down the state and the seal of the received mandate, and conferred on him the title Guangtian Wenwu Dasheng Xiaogan Huangdi. On yiyou three thousand palace women were released. On gengyin there was a grand review of troops. Edit
In the second month, on guimao, An Qingxu's general Neng Yuanhao surrendered with Zi and Qing, and Yuanhao was made Commissioner for Bandit Suppression of Hebei. On yisi the emperor presented the Supreme Emperor of Heaven with the title Shenghuang Tiandi [Sacred Emperor of Heaven]. On dingwei there was a general amnesty and the era name was changed. Those who had died in the service of the state or had refused the rebels' commands were given posthumous offices. Of the officials who had escorted the emperors at Chengdu and Ling Prefecture, those of the third rank and above were to have one son given office, those of the fifth rank and above one son qualified for office, and those of the sixth rank and below were to be promoted in order. The prefectures that had fallen to the rebels were exempted from taxes for three years. Civil and military officials were granted ranks and noble titles. Edit
In the third month, on jiaxu, Chu was moved to the title Prince of Cheng. On wuyin the Pure Consort of the Zhang clan was made empress. Edit
In the fourth month, on xinhai, spirit tablets were placed in the Ancestral Temple. On jiayin the emperor made the court offering at the Ancestral Temple and sacrificed at the southern suburb. On yimao there was a general amnesty; civil and military officials were granted ranks, merit ranks and noble titles; no one in the empire was to be called up for labour beyond the land tax and labour tax; those able to relieve the poor were to be honoured with offices and noble titles; capital officials of the ninth rank and above might submit their views; and the descendants of the two preceding royal houses and the three honoured lineages were each to have one son given office. Shi Siming killed Wu Cheng'en, Vice Military Commissioner of Fanyang, and rebelled. Edit
In the fifth month, on wuzi, Zhang Hao was dismissed. On yiwei Cui Yuan and Li Lin were dismissed. Wang Yu, Vice Minister of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, was made Vice Director of the Secretariat and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit
In the seventh month the Dangxiang Qiang raided the frontier. Edit
In the ninth month, on bingzi, Wang Zhongsheng, Commissioner for the Suppression of the Dangxiang, killed Tuoba Rongde. On gengyin Guo Ziyi led Li Guangbi, Li Siye, Wang Sili, Lu Jiong, Military Commissioner of Huaixi, Li Huan, Military Commissioner of the Xingping Army, Xu Shuji, Military Commissioner of Hua and Pu, Dong Qin, Military Commander of Pinglu, and Ji Guangchen, Military Commissioner of Zheng and Cai, to attack An Qingxu. On guisi the Arabs and Persians raided Guang Prefecture. Edit
In the tenth month, on jiachen, Chu, Prince of Cheng, was made Heir Apparent. There was a general amnesty. Civil and military officials were granted ranks and noble titles, and the sons of officials of the fifth rank and above who were their fathers' heirs were raised two steps in merit rank. Men who were loyal, upright, filial and brotherly and fit for office in the Eastern Palace were to be recommended. Edit
In the eleventh month, on renshen, Wang Sili fought An Qingxu at Xiang Prefecture and defeated him. Edit
In the twelfth month, on gengxu, Li Huan, Minister of Revenue, was made Commander-in-chief over the Military Commissioners of Huainan, Jiangdong and Jiangxi. On dingmao Shi Siming took Wei Prefecture. Edit
In the second year, in the first month, on jisi, the officials presented the honorific title Qianyuan Dasheng Guangtian Wenwu Xiaogan Huangdi. Guo Ziyi fought An Qingxu at Chousi Ridge and defeated him. On dingchou sacrifice was offered to the Noble Spirits of the Nine Palaces. On wuyin the emperor ploughed the sacred field. Edit
In the second month, on renxu, the Secretariat-Chancellery reviewed the cases of prisoners. Edit
In the third month, on jisi, the empress herself performed the rite of sericulture. On renshen the armies of the nine military commissioners broke and fled at the Fu River. Shi Siming killed An Qingxu. Cui Yuan, Regent of the Eastern Capital, Su Zhen, Governor of Henan, and Jia Zhi, Prefect of Ruzhou, fled to Xiang and Deng. Guo Ziyi camped at the Eastern Capital. On dinghai, because of drought, death sentences were reduced and sentences of exile and below were pardoned; vagrants who returned home were exempted from service for three years. On jiawu Lu Yin, Vice Minister of War, was made Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. On yiwei Miao Jinqing and Wang Yu were dismissed. Li Xian, Governor of Jingzhao, made Minister of Personnel; Li Kui, Secretariat Drafter, made Vice Director of the Secretariat; and Diwu Qi, Vice Minister of Revenue: all were made Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. On bingshen Guo Ziyi was made Marshal of the Troops of all the Military and Defence Commissioners of the Eastern Capital Region, Shannan East, Henan and other circuits. Edit
In the fourth month, on gengzi, Wang Sili fought Shi Siming at Zhiqian Ridge and defeated him. On renyin an edict reduced the emperor's ordinary meals, clothing and carriages, and closed all the palace workshops of Wude except those needed for gifts to foreign guests and for war and sacrifice. Edit
In the fifth month, on xinsi, Li Xian was demoted to Prefect of Shu Prefecture. Edit
In the seventh month, on xinsi, Xi, Prince of Zhao, was made Marshal of All the Armies of the Empire, with Li Guangbi as his deputy. On xinmao Lu Yin was dismissed. Edit
In the eighth month, on yisi, Kang Chuyuan and Zhang Jiayan, Defence Generals of Xiang Prefecture, rebelled and drove out their Prefect Wang Zheng. Edit
In the ninth month, on jiazi, Zhang Jiayan took Jing Prefecture. On dinghai Cui Guangyuan, Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, was made Commissioner for Bandit Suppression of Jing and Xiang and Military Commander for Disposition of the Shannan East Circuit. On gengyin Shi Siming took the Eastern Capital and the four prefectures of Qi, Ru, Zheng and Hua. Edit
In the tenth month, on yisi, Li Guangbi fought Shi Siming at Heyang and defeated him. On renxu Lu Yin was recalled to office during his mourning. Edit
In the eleventh month, on gengwu, Diwu Qi was demoted to Prefect of Zhong Prefecture. Edit
In the twelfth month, on yisi, Kang Chuyuan was put to death. Shi Siming raided Shan Prefecture, and Wei Boyu, a general of the Shence Army, defeated him. Edit
In the first year of Shangyuan, in the third month, on bingzi, death sentences were reduced and sentences of exile and below were pardoned. Edit
In the fourth month, on wushen, Zhang Weijin, a general of the Shannan East Circuit, rebelled and killed his Military Commissioner Shi Hui. On dingsi a comet appeared in the lunar lodges Lou and Wei [Stomach]. On jiwei Lai Tian was made Military Commissioner of the Shannan East Circuit, to attack Zhang Weijin. Edit
In the intercalary month, on xinyou, a comet appeared in the west. On jiaxu Xi was moved to the title Prince of Yue. On jimao there was a general amnesty and the era name was changed, and civil and military officials were granted noble titles. Taigong Wang was posthumously enfeoffed as Prince Wucheng. The rule that a death sentence be memorialised three times for review was restored. In this month there was a great famine. Zhang Weijin surrendered. Edit
In the fifth month, on bingwu, Miao Jinqing, Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent, was made Director of the Chancellery. On renzi Lu Yin was dismissed. Edit
In the sixth month, on yichou, Cui Guangyuan, Military Commissioner of Fengxiang, fought the Qiang, the Hun and the Dangxiang at Jing and Long and defeated them. On yiyou he defeated them again at Purun. Li Guangbi fought Shi Siming at Huai Prefecture and defeated him. Edit
In the seventh month, on dingwei, the Sacred Emperor of Heaven was moved to the Western Palace. Edit
In the eleventh month, on jiawu, Liu Zhan, Administrator of Yang Prefecture, rebelled and took Run Prefecture. On bingshen he took Sheng Prefecture. On renzi Li Huan and Deng Jingshan, Military Commissioner of Huainan, fought Liu Zhan on the Huai and were defeated. Edit
In this year the Tibetans took Kuo Prefecture. The Man of Xiyuan raided the frontier, and Xing Ji, Military Commissioner of Gui Prefecture, defeated them. Edit
In the second year, in the first month, on jiayin, death sentences were reduced and sentences of exile and below were pardoned. On yimao Liu Zhan was put to death. Edit
In the second month, on jiwei, the Nula and the Dangxiang Qiang raided Baoji, burned the Dasan Pass and raided Feng Prefecture; its Prefect Xiao Yi died there, and Li Ding, Governor of Fengxiang, defeated them. On wuyin Li Guangbi fought Shi Siming at Beimang and was defeated. Siming took Heyang. On guiwei Li Kui was demoted to Administrator of Yuan Prefecture. Xiao Hua, Military Commissioner of Hezhong, was made Vice Director of the Secretariat and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. On yiyou Lai Tian fought Shi Siming at Lushan and defeated him. Edit
In the third month, on jiawu, Shi Chaoyi raided Shan Prefecture, and Wei Boyu, Military Commissioner of the Shence Army, defeated him. On wuxu Shi Chaoyi murdered his father Siming. Li Guangbi was relieved of the post of Vice Marshal. Edit
In the fourth month, on jiwei, Pei Zunqing, Vice Minister of Personnel, was made Vice Director of the Chancellery and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. On yihai Shang Heng, Military Commissioner of Qing and Mi, fought Shi Chaoyi and defeated him. On dingchou Neng Yuanhao, Military Commissioner of Yan and Yun, defeated him again. On renwu Duan Zizhang, Military Commander of the Jiannan Dongchuan Commission, rebelled and took Mian Prefecture; Ju, Prince of Guo by Succession and Prefect of Suizhou, died there, and the Military Commissioner Li Huan fled to Chengdu. Edit
In the fifth month, on jiawu, Shi Chaoyi's general Linghu Zhang surrendered with Hua Prefecture. On wuxu Hou Xiyi, Military Commissioner of the Pinglu Army, fought Shi Chaoyi at You Prefecture and defeated him. On gengzi Li Guangbi was made Vice Marshal of the Henan Circuit. Cui Guangyuan, Military Commissioner of Jiannan, recovered Dongchuan, and Duan Zizhang was put to death. Edit
In the seventh month, on guiwei, the first day of the month, there was an eclipse of the sun. Edit
In the eighth month, on xinsi, Li Guozhen, Director of the Palace Administration, was made Commander-in-chief over the Military Commissioners of Shuofang, Zhenxi, Beiting, Xingping, Chen-Zheng and Hezhong. Edit
In the ninth month, on renyin, there was a general amnesty. The title "Qianyuan Dasheng Guangtian Wenwu Xiaogan" was dropped, and the era name "Shangyuan" was dropped and the year called simply the first year; the eleventh month was made the head of the year, and the months were named by the branch to which the handle of the Dipper points. Civil and military officials were granted ranks, merit ranks and noble titles; aged persons were granted offices by register, and those who had already been granted them were promoted in order. The names of the four capitals were discontinued. Edit
In the first year, in the Jianzi month, on guisi, Chang Xiuming, Prefect of Cao Prefecture, fought Shi Chaoyi's general Xue E and defeated him. On jihai the emperor paid court to the Sacred Emperor of Heaven in the Western Palace. On bingwu Wei Boyu fought Shi Chaoyi at Yongning and defeated him. On jiyou the emperor made offerings at the Palace of Great Purity. On gengxu he made the court offering at the Ancestral Temple and at the temple of Empress Yuanxian. Edit
In the Jianchou month, on xinhai, the emperor sacrificed at the southern suburb. On jiwei Lai Tian fought Shi Chaoyi at Ru Prefecture and defeated him. On yihai Hou Xiyi fought Chaoyi's general Li Huaixian at Fanyang and defeated him. Edit
In the first year of Baoying, in the Jianyin month, on jiashen, the Heir Apparent Jingde, Cong, was posthumously invested as emperor, and his consort of the Dou clan as empress. On yiyou the princes, dukes, consorts and princesses who had been murdered were buried. On bingxu robbers broke open the Jing Tomb and the Hui Tomb. On jiachen Li Guangbi recovered Xu Prefecture. The Tibetans asked for peace. On wushen Shi Chaoyi took Ying Prefecture. Edit
In the Jianmao month, on xinhai, there was a general amnesty. Civil and military officials were granted ranks and noble titles. Officials of pure repute of the fifth rank and above, together with the gentlemen of the ministries and the censors, were to recommend exiles of good conduct and accomplishment whose circumstances deserved pity. Tribute of hawks, sparrowhawks, dogs and leopards was stopped. Jingzhao Superior Prefecture was made the Supreme Capital, Henan Superior Prefecture the Eastern Capital, Fengxiang Superior Prefecture the Western Capital, Jiangling Superior Prefecture the Southern Capital, and Taiyuan Superior Prefecture the Northern Capital. On renzi the Qiang, the Hun and the Nula raided Liang Prefecture. On guichou the army of Hedong mutinied and killed its Military Commissioner Deng Jingshan, and the Chief Military Commander Xin Yunjing named himself Military Commissioner. On yichou the army of Hezhong mutinied and killed Li Guozhen and its Military Commissioner Lifei Yuanli. On wuchen Wang Zhongsheng, Military Commissioner of Huaixi, fought Shi Chaoyi's general Xie Qinrang at Shen Prefecture and was defeated. On gengwu Guo Ziyi was put in charge of the field headquarters of the Military Commissions of Shuofang, Hezhong, Beiting and Lu-Yi-Ze-Qin, and made Vice Marshal of the troops of the Xingping and Dingguo Armies. On renshen Cheng Gongyi, Prefect of Fu Prefecture, fought the Dangxiang and defeated them. Edit
In the Jianchen month, on renwu, there was a general amnesty; officials guilty of taking bribes were allowed to hand over their illicit gains and be excused punishment, and demoted officials and exiles sentenced to serve at garrisons were allowed to return. On jiawu the Nula raided Liang Prefecture. On wushen Xiao Hua was dismissed. Yuan Zai, Vice Minister of Revenue, was made Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit
In the Jiansi month, on gengxu, Shi Chaoyi raided Ze Prefecture, and its Prefect Li Baoyu defeated him. On renzi Chu Prefecture presented thirteen precious jades that would stabilise the state. On jiayin the Sacred Emperor of Heaven died. On yichou the Heir Apparent was made regent of the state. There was a general amnesty; the first year was renamed the first year of Baoying, the first month was again made the head of the year, and the Jiansi month was made the fourth month. On bingyin Li Fuguo, Commissioner of the Stables, and Cheng Yuanzhen, Vice Commissioner of the Flying Dragon Stables, moved the empress to a separate hall and killed Xi, Prince of Yue, and Xian, Prince of Yan. That night the emperor died in the Changsheng Hall, aged fifty-two. Edit
Appraisal
The appraisal says: In the disorders of Tianbao a great brigand rose suddenly, and the Son of Heaven fled. At that moment Suzong, as Heir Apparent, raised troops to fight the rebels; this was truly the duty of his position! Yet compare the time of Xizong with the Tianbao years: in which did the majesty and virtue of the Tang still hold men, and its order remain unbroken? And yet, with Xizong in Shu, the troops of the garrisons joined forces and fought together, and in the end broke Huang Chao and recovered the capital. From this it can be said that even if Suzong had not taken the throne, he could still have broken the rebels. Since Gaozu, three emperors gave up the throne to their sons, and only Ruizong did so in awe of Heaven's warnings and from a sincere heart; as for Gaozu and Xuanzong, was it ever their wish! In the time of Daizong the remnants of the rebellion were still there; he put down the disorder and kept what had been built, and was, it seems, a ruler of middling talent! Edit
The English was translated from the original by an AI, not checked sentence by sentence by a person, and is for reference; where it differs from the original, the original is right. Names are in pinyin. If a sentence is wrong, use “Edit” after the paragraph to correct it - no need to sign in.
Source: 新唐书 卷六 本纪第六 肃宗 代宗 (New Book of Tang, juan 6, Annals 6: Suzong, Daizong)
Wikipedia: Emperor Suzong of Tang · Chinese Wikipedia: 唐肅宗 · Baidu Baike: 唐肃宗 (an article of the same name, not checked to be him)
Source
From the historical record: the notes below say where · tang-zongshi-00032
Notes (2)
- [Source] 新唐书 卷六 本纪第六 肃宗 代宗 New Book of Tang, juan 6, Annals 6: Suzong, Daizong
- [Collation note] 本纪：「肅宗文明武德大聖大宣孝皇帝諱亨，玄宗第三子也。」 The annals: “Suzong (posthumous title: Wenming Wude Dasheng Daxuan Xiao Huangdi), personal name Hēng, was the third son of Xuanzong.”