昂 Áng
Biography
文宗
文宗元聖昭獻孝皇帝諱昂，穆宗第二子也。母曰貞獻皇太后蕭氏。始封江王。
寶曆二年十二月，敬宗崩，劉克明等矯詔以絳王悟句當軍國事。壬寅，內樞密使王守澄楊承和、神策護軍中尉魏從簡梁守謙奉江王而立之，率神策六軍、飛龍兵誅克明，殺絳王。乙巳，江王即皇帝位于宣政殿。戊申，始聽政。尊母為皇太后。庚戌，兵部侍郎、翰林學士韋處厚為中書侍郎、同中書門下平章事。庚申，出宮人三千，省教坊樂工、翰林伎術冗員千二百七十人，縱五坊鷹犬，停貢纂組雕鏤、金筐寶飾牀榻。
大和元年二月乙巳，大赦，改元。免京兆今歲夏稅半。賜九廟陪位者子孫二階，立功將士階、爵，始封諸王後予一子出身。
五月戊辰，罷宰臣奏事監搜。丙子，橫海軍節度使烏重胤討李同捷。
六月癸巳，淮南節度副大使王播為尚書左僕射、同中書門下平章事。乙卯，以旱降京畿死罪以下。
七月癸酉，葬睿武昭愍孝皇帝于莊陵。
十一月庚辰，橫海軍節度使李寰討李同捷。
十二月庚戌，王智興為滄州行營招撫使。
二年正月壬申，地震。
六月乙卯，晉王普薨。己巳，大風拔木。乙亥，峯州刺史王昇朝反，伏誅。
是夏，河溢，壞棣州城；越州海溢。
七月辛丑，魏博節度使史憲誠及同捷戰于平原，敗之。甲辰，有彗星出于右攝提。
八月己巳，王廷湊反。壬申，義武軍節度使柳公濟及廷湊戰于新樂，敗之。己卯，劉從諫又敗之于臨城。辛巳，史憲誠及李同捷戰于平原，敗之。癸未，劉從諫及王廷湊戰于昭慶，敗之。
九月癸卯，柳公濟又敗之于博野。丁未，岳王緄薨。庚戌，安南軍亂，逐其都護韓約。
Wenzong
Wenzong (posthumous title: Yuansheng Zhaoxian Xiao Huangdi), whose personal name was Ang, was the second son of Muzong. His mother was Lady Xiao, Empress Dowager Zhenxian. He was first enfeoffed as Prince of Jiang. Edit
In the twelfth month of the second year of Baoli, Jingzong died, and Liu Keming and others, by a forged edict, had Wu, Prince of Jiang, take charge of military and state affairs. On the renyin day the Palace Commissioners of Military Affairs Wang Shoucheng and Yang Chenghe and the Commandants of the Guard of the Inspired Strategy Army Wei Congjian and Liang Shouqian took up the Prince of Jiang and set him on the throne; leading the Inspired Strategy and Six Armies and the Flying Dragon troops, they executed Keming and killed the Prince of Jiang. On the yisi day the Prince of Jiang took the imperial throne in the Xuanzheng Hall. On the wushen day he began to attend to government. He honoured his mother as Empress Dowager. On the gengxu day Wei Chuhou, Vice Minister of War and Hanlin Academician, was made Vice Director of the Secretariat and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. On the gengshen day three thousand palace women were released; one thousand two hundred and seventy superfluous musicians of the Palace Music School and technicians of the Hanlin were cut; the hawks and dogs of the Five Pens were let go; and the tribute of embroidered ribbons, carved work, and beds and couches with gold frames and jewelled ornaments was stopped. Edit
On the yisi day of the second month of the first year of Dahe there was a general amnesty and the era name was changed. Half of the year's summer tax of Jingzhao was remitted. The sons and grandsons of those who had attended the rites at the Nine Temples were granted two grades of official rank; the officers and men who had won merit were granted official ranks and noble titles; and the descendants of the princes first enfeoffed under the dynasty each had one son made qualified for office. Edit
On the wuchen day of the fifth month the inspection and search of chief ministers when they came to report on affairs was abolished. On the bingzi day Wu Chongyin, Military Commissioner of the Henghai Army, attacked Li Tongjie. Edit
On the guisi day of the sixth month Wang Bo, Vice Grand Commissioner of Huainan, was made Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. On the yimao day, because of drought, sentences of death and below in the capital region were reduced. Edit
On the guiyou day of the seventh month Emperor Ruiwu Zhaomin Xiao was buried in the Zhuang Mausoleum. Edit
On the gengchen day of the eleventh month Li Huan, Military Commissioner of the Henghai Army, attacked Li Tongjie. Edit
On the gengxu day of the twelfth month Wang Zhixing was made Commissioner for Summoning and Pacification of the Field Army of Cangzhou. Edit
On the renshen day of the first month of the second year there was an earthquake. Edit
On the yimao day of the sixth month Pu, Prince of Jin, died. On the jisi day a great wind uprooted trees. On the yihai day Wang Shengchao, Prefect of Fengzhou, rebelled and was executed. Edit
That summer the Yellow River overflowed and destroyed the city wall of Di Prefecture, and the sea overflowed at Yue Prefecture. Edit
On the xinchou day of the seventh month Shi Xiancheng, Military Commissioner of Weibo, fought Tongjie at Pingyuan and defeated him. On the jiachen day a comet appeared at the Right Sheti asterism. Edit
On the jisi day of the eighth month Wang Tingcou rebelled. On the renshen day Liu Gongji, Military Commissioner of the Yiwu Army, fought Tingcou at Xinle and defeated him. On the jimao day Liu Congjian defeated him again at Lincheng. On the xinsi day Shi Xiancheng fought Li Tongjie at Pingyuan and defeated him. On the guiwei day Liu Congjian fought Wang Tingcou at Zhaoqing and defeated him. Edit
On the guimao day of the ninth month Liu Gongji defeated him again at Boye. On the dingwei day Gun, Prince of Yue, died. On the gengxu day the army of Annan mutinied and drove out its Protector-general, Han Yue. Edit
Show the whole text (2,860 more characters)
十月庚申，史憲誠及李同捷戰于平原，敗之。丁卯，洋王忻薨。癸酉，竇易直罷。戊寅，史憲誠及李同捷戰于平原，敗之。壬午，幽州盧龍軍節度使李載義又敗之于長蘆。
十一月壬辰，給復棣州一年，稟戰士創廢者終身。甲辰，昭德寺火。
十二月乙丑，魏博行營兵馬使丌志沼反。壬申，韋處厚薨。戊寅，兵部侍郎、翰林學士路隋為中書侍郎、同中書門下平章事。
三年正月丁亥，宣武、河陽兵討丌志沼。庚子，志沼奔于鎮州。
三月乙酉，罷教坊日直樂工。乙巳，以太原兵馬使傅毅為義武軍節度使，義武軍不受命，都知兵馬使張璠自稱節度使。戊申，以璠為義武軍節度使。
四月戊辰，滄景節度使李祐克德州，李同捷降。乙亥，滄德宣慰使柏耆以同捷歸于京師，殺之于將陵。
五月辛卯，給復滄、景、德、棣四州一年。
六月甲戌，魏博軍亂，殺其節度使史憲誠，都知兵馬使何進滔自稱留後。
八月辛亥，以相、衞、澶三州隸相衞節度使，進滔不受命。辛酉，以旱免京畿九縣今歲租。壬申，赦王廷湊。甲戌，吏部侍郎李宗閔同中書門下平章事。
十月癸丑，仗內火。
十一月壬辰，朝獻于太清宮。癸巳，朝享于太廟。甲午，有事于南郊。大赦。詔毋獻難成非常之物，焚絲布撩綾機杼。是月，雲南蠻陷巂、邛二州。
十二月丁未，鄂岳、襄鄧、忠武軍伐雲南蠻。庚戌，雲南蠻寇成都，右領軍衞大將軍董重質為左右神策及諸道行營西川都知兵馬使以伐之。己未，雲南蠻寇梓州。壬戌，寇蜀州。
四年正月戊子，封子永為魯王。辛卯，武昌軍節度使牛僧孺為兵部尚書、同中書門下平章事。甲午，王播薨。
二月乙卯，興元軍亂，殺其節度使李絳。
三月癸卯，禁京畿弋獵。
四月丁未，奚寇邊，李載義敗之。
六月丁未，裴度平章軍國重事。
是夏，舒州江溢。
七月癸未，尚書右丞宋申錫同中書門下平章事。
九月壬午，裴度罷。
五年正月庚申，幽州盧龍軍亂，逐其節度使李載義，殺莫州刺史張慶初，兵馬使楊志誠自稱留後。
三月庚子，貶宋申錫為太子右庶子。癸卯，降封漳王湊為巢縣公。
六月甲午，梓州玄武江溢。
六年正月壬子，降死罪以下。
二月，蘇州地震，生白毛。
五月庚申，給民疫死者棺，十歲以下不能自存者二月糧。
七月戊申，原王逵薨。
十一月甲子，立魯王永為皇太子。
十二月乙丑，牛僧孺罷。己巳，珍王諴薨。
七年正月壬辰，罷吳、蜀冬貢茶。
二月丙戌，兵部尚書李德裕同中書門下平章事。
三月辛卯，幽州盧龍軍節度使楊志誠執春衣使邊奉鸞、送奚契丹使尹士恭。辛丑，和王綺薨。
六月甲戌，地震。乙亥，李宗閔罷。
七月壬寅，尚書右僕射、諸道鹽鐵轉運使王涯同中書門下平章事。
閏月乙卯，以旱避正殿，減膳，徹樂，出宮女千人，縱五坊鷹犬。
八月庚寅，降死罪以下。賜文武及州府長官子為父後者勳兩轉。
十二月庚子，不豫。
八年二月壬午朔，日有食之。庚寅，以疾愈，降死罪以下。
四月丙戌，詔笞罪毋鞭背。
五月己巳，飛龍、神駒中廄火。
六月丙戌，莒王紓薨。
七月辛酉，震定陵寢宮。癸亥，郯王經薨。
九月辛亥，有彗星出于太微。
十月辛巳，幽州盧龍軍大將史元忠逐其節度使楊志誠，自稱權句當節度兵馬。庚寅，山南西道節度使李宗閔為中書侍郎、同中書門下平章事。甲午，李德裕罷。
十一月癸丑，成德軍節度使王廷湊卒，其子元逵自稱權句當節度事。丙子，莫州軍亂，逐其刺史張惟汎。
十二月己卯，降京畿死罪以下。
九年正月癸亥，巢縣公湊薨。
二月辛亥，冀王絿薨。乙卯，京師地震。
四月丙申，路隋罷。戊戌，浙江東道觀察使賈餗為中書侍郎、同中書門下平章事。辛丑，大風拔木，落含元殿鴟尾，壞門觀。
五月辛未，王涯為司空。
六月壬寅，貶李宗閔為明州刺史。
七月辛亥，御史大夫李固言為門下侍郎、同中書門下平章事。
九月癸亥，殺陳弘志。丁卯，李固言罷。己巳，御史中丞舒元輿為刑部侍郎，翰林學士、兵部郎中李訓為禮部侍郎：同中書門下平章事。
十月辛巳，殺觀軍容使王守澄。
十一月乙巳，殺武寧軍監軍使王守涓。壬戌，李訓及河東節度使王璠、邠寧節度使郭行餘、御史中丞李孝本、京兆少尹羅立言謀誅中官，不克，訓奔于鳳翔。甲子，尚書右僕射鄭覃同中書門下平章事。乙丑，權知戶部侍郎李石同中書門下平章事。左神策軍中尉仇士良殺王涯、賈餗、舒元輿、李孝本、羅立言、王璠、郭行餘、鳳翔少尹魏逢。戊辰，晝晦。鳳翔監軍使張仲清殺其節度使鄭注。己巳，仇士良殺右金吾衞大將軍韓約。
十二月壬申，殺左金吾衞將軍李貞素、翰林學士顧師邕。丁亥，降京師死罪以下。
開成元年正月辛丑朔，日有食之。大赦，改元。免大和五年以前逋負、京畿今歲稅，賜文武官階、爵。
二月乙亥，停獻鷙鳥、畋犬。
三月，京師地震。
四月辛卯，淄王恊薨。甲午，山南西道節度使李固言為門下侍郎、同中書門下平章事。
七月，滹沱溢。乙亥，雨土。
十二月己未，漵王縱薨。
二年二月丙午，有彗星出于東方。己未，均王緯薨。
三月丙寅，以彗見減膳。壬申，素服避正殿，徹樂。降死罪，流以下原之。縱五坊鷹隼，禁京畿採捕。
四月戊戌，工部侍郎陳夷行同中書門下平章事。乙卯，以旱避正殿。
六月丙午，河陽軍亂，逐其節度使李泳。己未，綿州獠反。
七月癸亥，党項羌寇振武。
八月庚戌，封兄子休復為梁王，執中襄王，言揚𣏌王，成美陳王。癸丑，封子宗儉為蔣王。
十月戊申，李固言罷。
十一月乙丑，京師地震。丁丑，有星隕于興元。
三年正月甲子，盜傷李石。戊申，大風拔木。諸道鹽鐵轉運使、戶部尚書楊嗣復，戶部侍郎李珏：同中書門下平章事。丙子，李石罷。
夏，漢水溢。
八月己亥，嘉王運薨。
十月乙酉，義武軍節度使張璠卒，其子元益自稱留後。庚子，皇太子薨。乙巳，有彗星出于軫。
十一月壬戌，降死罪以下。
四年正月癸酉，有彗星出于羽林。閏月丙午，出于卷舌。
五月丙申，鄭覃、陳夷行罷。
七月甲辰，太常卿崔鄲同中書門下平章事。
八月辛亥，鄜王憬薨。
十月丙寅，立陳王成美為皇太子。甲戌，地震。
十一月己亥，降京畿死罪以下。
十二月乙卯，乾陵寢宮火。
五年正月戊寅，不豫。己卯，左右神策軍護軍中尉魚弘志、仇士良立潁王瀍為皇太弟，權句當軍國事，廢皇太子成美為陳王。庚辰，仇士良殺仙韶院副使尉遲璋。辛巳，皇帝崩于太和殿，年三十三。
贊
贊曰：春秋之法，君弒而賊不討，則深責其國，以為無臣子也。憲宗之弒，歷三世而賊猶在。至於文宗，不能明弘志等罪惡，以正國之典刑，僅能殺之而已，是可歎也。穆、敬昏童失德，以其在位不久，故天下未至於敗亂，而敬宗卒及其身，是豈有討賊之志哉！文宗恭儉儒雅，出於天性，嘗讀太宗政要，慨然慕之。及即位，銳意於治，每延英對宰臣，率漏下十一刻。唐制，天子以隻日視朝，乃命輟朝、放朝皆用雙日。凡除吏必召見訪問，親察其能否。故大和之初，政事脩飭，號為清明。然其仁而少斷，承父兄之弊，宦官橈權，制之不得其術，故其終困以此。甘露之事，禍及忠良，不勝冤憤，飲恨而已。由是言之，其能殺弘志，亦足伸其志也。
昔武丁得一傅說，為商高宗。武宗用一李德裕，遂成其功烈。然其奮然除去浮圖之法甚銳，而躬受道家之籙，服藥以求長年。以此見其非明智之不惑者，特好惡有不同爾。宣宗精於聽斷，而以察為明，無復仁恩之意。嗚呼，自是而後，唐衰矣！
校勘記
郯王經薨 「郯」，各本原作「鄆」，據本書卷七順宗紀、卷七０下宗室世系表、卷八二十一宗諸子傳及通鑑卷二四五改。
On the gengshen day of the tenth month Shi Xiancheng fought Li Tongjie at Pingyuan and defeated him. On the dingmao day Xin, Prince of Yang, died. On the guiyou day Dou Yizhi was dismissed. On the wuyin day Shi Xiancheng fought Li Tongjie at Pingyuan and defeated him. On the renwu day Li Zaiyi, Military Commissioner of the Youzhou Lulong Army, defeated him again at Changlu. Edit
On the renchen day of the eleventh month Di Prefecture was exempted from taxes and labour service for one year, and soldiers disabled by wounds were given rations for life. On the jiachen day there was a fire at the Zhaode Monastery. Edit
On the yichou day of the twelfth month Ji Zhizhao, Military Commander of the Field Army of Weibo, rebelled. On the renshen day Wei Chuhou died. On the wuyin day Lu Sui, Vice Minister of War and Hanlin Academician, was made Vice Director of the Secretariat and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit
On the dinghai day of the first month of the third year troops of Xuanwu and Heyang attacked Ji Zhizhao. On the gengzi day Zhizhao fled to Zhenzhou. Edit
On the yiyou day of the third month the musicians of the Palace Music School who served on daily duty were abolished. On the yisi day Fu Yi, Military Commander of Taiyuan, was made Military Commissioner of the Yiwu Army; the Yiwu Army refused the appointment, and its Chief Military Commander, Zhang Fan, proclaimed himself Military Commissioner. On the wushen day Fan was made Military Commissioner of the Yiwu Army. Edit
On the wuchen day of the fourth month Li You, Military Commissioner of Cang-Jing, took De Prefecture, and Li Tongjie surrendered. On the yihai day Bo Qi, Commissioner for Proclaiming Comfort to Cang-De, was taking Tongjie to the capital and killed him at Jiangling. Edit
On the xinmao day of the fifth month the four prefectures of Cang, Jing, De and Di were exempted from taxes and labour service for one year. Edit
On the jiaxu day of the sixth month the Weibo army mutinied and killed its Military Commissioner, Shi Xiancheng, and the Chief Military Commander, He Jintao, proclaimed himself Acting Military Commissioner. Edit
On the xinhai day of the eighth month the three prefectures of Xiang, Wei and Chan were placed under the Military Commissioner of Xiang-Wei, but Jintao refused the order. On the xinyou day, because of drought, the year's land tax of nine counties of the capital region was remitted. On the renshen day Wang Tingcou was pardoned. On the jiaxu day Li Zongmin, Vice Minister of Personnel, was made Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit
On the guichou day of the tenth month there was a fire within the palace guard enclosure. Edit
On the renchen day of the eleventh month the emperor made offerings at the Taiqing Palace. On the guisi day he made offerings at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On the jiawu day he performed the sacrifice at the southern suburb. There was a general amnesty. An edict ordered that no rare and unusual objects that were hard to make be presented, and the looms for silk cloth and liaoling twill were burned. In this month the Yunnan tribes took the two prefectures of Xi and Qiong. Edit
On the dingwei day of the twelfth month the armies of E-Yue, Xiang-Deng and Zhongwu attacked the Yunnan tribes. On the gengxu day the Yunnan tribes raided Chengdu, and Dong Chongzhi, General-in-Chief of the Right Guard of the Leading Army, was made Chief Military Commander in Xichuan of the Left and Right Inspired Strategy and the Field Armies of All Circuits, to attack them. On the jiwei day the Yunnan tribes raided Zi Prefecture. On the renxu day they raided Shu Prefecture. Edit
On the wuzi day of the first month of the fourth year the emperor's son Yong was enfeoffed as Prince of Lu. On the xinmao day Niu Sengru, Military Commissioner of the Wuchang Army, was made Minister of War and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. On the jiawu day Wang Bo died. Edit
On the yimao day of the second month the Xingyuan army mutinied and killed its Military Commissioner, Li Jiang. Edit
On the guimao day of the third month hunting in the capital region was banned. Edit
On the dingwei day of the fourth month the Xi raided the frontier, and Li Zaiyi defeated them. Edit
On the dingwei day of the sixth month Pei Du was made Manager of Important Military and State Affairs. Edit
That summer the Yangzi overflowed at Shu Prefecture. Edit
On the guiwei day of the seventh month Song Shenxi, Right Assistant Director of the Department of State Affairs, was made Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit
On the renwu day of the ninth month Pei Du was dismissed. Edit
On the gengshen day of the first month of the fifth year the Youzhou Lulong army mutinied, drove out its Military Commissioner, Li Zaiyi, and killed Zhang Qingchu, Prefect of Mozhou; the Military Commander Yang Zhicheng proclaimed himself Acting Military Commissioner. Edit
On the gengzi day of the third month Song Shenxi was demoted to Right Mentor of the Heir Apparent. On the guimao day Cou, Prince of Zhang, was reduced in rank to Duke of Chao County. Edit
On the jiawu day of the sixth month the Xuanwu River overflowed in Zi Prefecture. Edit
On the renzi day of the first month of the sixth year sentences of death and below were reduced. Edit
In the second month there was an earthquake in Su Prefecture, and white hairs grew from the ground. Edit
On the gengshen day of the fifth month coffins were given for commoners who had died in the epidemic, and children under ten who could not support themselves were given two months' grain. Edit
On the wushen day of the seventh month Kui, Prince of Yuan, died. Edit
On the jiazi day of the eleventh month Yong, Prince of Lu, was made Heir Apparent. Edit
On the yichou day of the twelfth month Niu Sengru was dismissed. On the jisi day Xian, Prince of Zhen, died. Edit
On the renchen day of the first month of the seventh year the winter tribute of tea from Wu and Shu was abolished. Edit
On the bingxu day of the second month Li Deyu, Minister of War, was made Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit
On the xinmao day of the third month Yang Zhicheng, Military Commissioner of the Youzhou Lulong Army, seized Bian Fengluan, the Commissioner for Spring Clothing, and Yin Shigong, the Commissioner for Escorting the Xi and Khitan. On the xinchou day Qi, Prince of He, died. Edit
On the jiaxu day of the sixth month there was an earthquake. On the yihai day Li Zongmin was dismissed. Edit
On the renyin day of the seventh month Wang Ya, Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs and Salt, Iron and Transport Commissioner of All Circuits, was made Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit
On the yimao day of the intercalary month, because of drought, the emperor left the main hall, reduced the dishes at his meals, stopped music, released a thousand palace women, and let go the hawks and dogs of the Five Pens. Edit
On the gengyin day of the eighth month sentences of death and below were reduced. The sons of civil and military officials and of the chief officials of prefectures who were their fathers' heirs were granted two grades of merit rank. Edit
On the gengzi day of the twelfth month the emperor was unwell. Edit
On the renwu day, the first of the second month of the eighth year, there was an eclipse of the sun. On the gengyin day, because the emperor had recovered from his illness, sentences of death and below were reduced. Edit
On the bingxu day of the fourth month an edict ordered that for offences punished by beating with the light stick, the back should not be beaten. Edit
On the jisi day of the fifth month there was a fire in the Flying Dragon and Divine Colt central stables. Edit
On the bingxu day of the sixth month Shu, Prince of Ju, died. Edit
On the xinyou day of the seventh month lightning struck the sleeping hall of the Ding Mausoleum. On the guihai day Jing, Prince of Tan, died. Edit
On the xinhai day of the ninth month a comet appeared in the Taiwei enclosure. Edit
On the xinsi day of the tenth month Shi Yuanzhong, a senior officer of the Youzhou Lulong Army, drove out his Military Commissioner, Yang Zhicheng, and proclaimed himself provisionally in charge of the Military Commissioner's troops. On the gengyin day Li Zongmin, Military Commissioner of Shannan West Circuit, was made Vice Director of the Secretariat and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. On the jiawu day Li Deyu was dismissed. Edit
On the guichou day of the eleventh month Wang Tingcou, Military Commissioner of the Chengde Army, died, and his son Yuankui proclaimed himself provisionally in charge of the Military Commissioner's affairs. On the bingzi day the army of Mo Prefecture mutinied and drove out its Prefect, Zhang Weifan. Edit
On the jimao day of the twelfth month sentences of death and below in the capital region were reduced. Edit
On the guihai day of the first month of the ninth year Cou, Duke of Chao County, died. Edit
On the xinhai day of the second month Qiu, Prince of Ji, died. On the yimao day there was an earthquake in the capital. Edit
On the bingshen day of the fourth month Lu Sui was dismissed. On the wuxu day Jia Su, Surveillance Commissioner of Zhejiang East Circuit, was made Vice Director of the Secretariat and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. On the xinchou day a great wind uprooted trees, blew down the owl-tail ornaments of the Hanyuan Hall, and damaged the gate towers. Edit
On the xinwei day of the fifth month Wang Ya was made Grand Minister of Works. Edit
On the renyin day of the sixth month Li Zongmin was demoted to Prefect of Mingzhou. Edit
On the xinhai day of the seventh month Li Guyan, Censor-in-Chief, was made Vice Director of the Chancellery and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit
On the guihai day of the ninth month Chen Hongzhi was put to death. On the dingmao day Li Guyan was dismissed. On the jisi day Shu Yuanyu, Vice Censor-in-Chief, was made Vice Minister of Justice, and Li Xun, Hanlin Academician and Director of the Bureau of War, was made Vice Minister of Rites; both were made Joint Managers of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit
On the xinsi day of the tenth month Wang Shoucheng, Commissioner for Inspecting the Armies, was put to death. Edit
On the yisi day of the eleventh month Wang Shoujuan, Army Supervisor of the Wuning Army, was put to death. On the renxu day Li Xun, with Wang Fan, Military Commissioner of Hedong, Guo Xingyu, Military Commissioner of Binning, Li Xiaoben, Vice Censor-in-Chief, and Luo Liyan, Vice Governor of Jingzhao, plotted to kill the palace eunuchs; they failed, and Xun fled toward Fengxiang. On the jiazi day Zheng Tan, Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs, was made Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. On the yichou day Li Shi, provisional Vice Minister of Revenue, was made Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Qiu Shiliang, Commandant of the Left Inspired Strategy Army, killed Wang Ya, Jia Su, Shu Yuanyu, Li Xiaoben, Luo Liyan, Wang Fan, Guo Xingyu, and Wei Feng, Vice Governor of Fengxiang. On the wuchen day it grew dark in the daytime. Zhang Zhongqing, Army Supervisor of Fengxiang, killed his Military Commissioner, Zheng Zhu. On the jisi day Qiu Shiliang killed Han Yue, General-in-Chief of the Right Imperial Insignia Guard. Edit
On the renshen day of the twelfth month Li Zhensu, General of the Left Imperial Insignia Guard, and Gu Shiyong, Hanlin Academician, were put to death. On the dinghai day sentences of death and below in the capital were reduced. Edit
On the xinchou day, the first of the first month of the first year of Kaicheng, there was an eclipse of the sun. There was a general amnesty and the era name was changed. Arrears and debts from before the fifth year of Dahe, and the year's taxes of the capital region, were remitted, and civil and military officials were granted official ranks and noble titles. Edit
On the yihai day of the second month the presentation of birds of prey and hunting dogs was stopped. Edit
In the third month there was an earthquake in the capital. Edit
On the xinmao day of the fourth month Xie, Prince of Zi, died. On the jiawu day Li Guyan, Military Commissioner of Shannan West Circuit, was made Vice Director of the Chancellery and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit
In the seventh month the Hutuo River overflowed. On the yihai day it rained dust. Edit
On the jiwei day of the twelfth month Zong, Prince of Xu, died. Edit
On the bingwu day of the second month of the second year a comet appeared in the east. On the jiwei day Wei, Prince of Jun, died. Edit
On the bingyin day of the third month, because of the comet, the emperor reduced the dishes at his meals. On the renshen day he wore plain clothes, left the main hall and stopped music. Sentences of death were reduced, and those of exile and below were pardoned. The hawks and falcons of the Five Pens were let go, and catching game in the capital region was banned. Edit
On the wuxu day of the fourth month Chen Yixing, Vice Minister of Works, was made Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. On the yimao day, because of drought, the emperor left the main hall. Edit
On the bingwu day of the sixth month the Heyang army mutinied and drove out its Military Commissioner, Li Yong. On the jiwei day the Lao of Mian Prefecture rebelled. Edit
On the guihai day of the seventh month the Tangut Qiang raided Zhenwu. Edit
On the gengxu day of the eighth month the sons of the emperor's elder brother were enfeoffed: Xiufu as Prince of Liang, Zhizhong as Prince of Xiang, Yanyang as Prince of Qi, and Chengmei as Prince of Chen. On the guichou day his son Zongjian was enfeoffed as Prince of Jiang. Edit
On the wushen day of the tenth month Li Guyan was dismissed. Edit
On the yichou day of the eleventh month there was an earthquake in the capital. On the dingchou day a star fell at Xingyuan. Edit
On the jiazi day of the first month of the third year assassins wounded Li Shi. On the wushen day a great wind uprooted trees. Yang Sifu, Salt, Iron and Transport Commissioner of All Circuits and Minister of Revenue, and Li Jue, Vice Minister of Revenue, were made Joint Managers of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. On the bingzi day Li Shi was dismissed. Edit
In the summer the Han River overflowed. Edit
On the jihai day of the eighth month Yun, Prince of Jia, died. Edit
On the yiyou day of the tenth month Zhang Fan, Military Commissioner of the Yiwu Army, died, and his son Yuanyi proclaimed himself Acting Military Commissioner. On the gengzi day the Heir Apparent died. On the yisi day a comet appeared in the lunar lodge Zhen. Edit
On the renxu day of the eleventh month sentences of death and below were reduced. Edit
On the guiyou day of the first month of the fourth year a comet appeared at the Yulin asterism. On the bingwu day of the intercalary month it appeared at the Juanshe asterism. Edit
On the bingshen day of the fifth month Zheng Tan and Chen Yixing were dismissed. Edit
On the jiachen day of the seventh month Cui Dan, Chief Minister of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, was made Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit
On the xinhai day of the eighth month Jing, Prince of Fu, died. Edit
On the bingyin day of the tenth month Chengmei, Prince of Chen, was made Heir Apparent. On the jiaxu day there was an earthquake. Edit
On the jihai day of the eleventh month sentences of death and below in the capital region were reduced. Edit
On the yimao day of the twelfth month there was a fire in the sleeping hall of the Qian Mausoleum. Edit
On the wuyin day of the first month of the fifth year the emperor was unwell. On the jimao day Yu Hongzhi and Qiu Shiliang, Commandants of the Guard of the Left and Right Inspired Strategy Armies, set up Chan, Prince of Ying, as Imperial Younger Brother and Heir, provisionally in charge of military and state affairs, and degraded the Heir Apparent, Chengmei, to Prince of Chen. On the gengchen day Qiu Shiliang killed Yuchi Zhang, Vice Commissioner of the Xianshao Music Office. On the xinsi day the emperor died in the Taihe Hall, aged thirty-three. Edit
Appraisal
The appraisal says: By the rule of the Spring and Autumn Annals, when a ruler is murdered and the murderers are not punished, the state is severely condemned, as having no true subjects or sons. Xianzong was murdered, and three reigns passed with the murderers still alive. When it came to Wenzong, he could not make plain the crimes of Hongzhi and the others so as to uphold the laws and punishments of the state; he could only kill him, and that is lamentable. Muzong and Jingzong were benighted, childish and lacking in virtue; because they did not reign long, the empire did not fall into ruin and disorder, and in the end Jingzong himself met disaster. How could either of them have had any will to punish the murderers? Wenzong was respectful, frugal, scholarly and refined by nature. He once read the Essentials of Government of Taizong and was moved to admire him. When he took the throne he set his mind keenly on good government; whenever he received the chief ministers in the Yanying Hall, it was usually not until eleven marks of the water clock had passed that they left. Under the Tang system the Son of Heaven held court on odd-numbered days, so he ordered that every suspension or cancellation of court fall on an even-numbered day. Whenever he appointed an official he would summon him and question him, judging in person whether he was able. So at the beginning of Dahe the affairs of government were well ordered, and the time was called clear and bright. But he was kindly and lacked decision; he inherited the ills of his father and elder brother, the eunuchs bent power to their own ends, and he did not find the means to control them, so that in the end he was brought to distress by this. In the Sweet Dew affair disaster fell on the loyal and good; he could not bear the injustice and the anger, and could only swallow his resentment. Seen in this light, his being able to kill Hongzhi was enough to vindicate his purpose. Edit
Of old, Wuding found one Fu Yue and became Gaozong of Shang. Wuzong employed one Li Deyu and so achieved his deeds. Yet while he swept away the teaching of the Buddhists with great vehemence, he himself received the registers of the Daoists and took drugs in search of long life. From this one sees that he was not a man too clear-sighted and wise to be deluded; his likes and dislikes were merely different. Xuanzong was expert at hearing cases and deciding them, but took scrutiny for clear-sightedness and no longer had any thought of kindness and grace. Alas, from this time on the Tang declined! Edit
Collation notes
"Jing, Prince of Tan, died": for "Tan" every edition originally reads "Yun". It is corrected on the authority of chapter 7 of this book, the Annals of Shunzong, chapter 70B, the Table of the Genealogy of the Imperial Clan, chapter 82, the Biographies of the Sons of the Eleven Emperors, and chapter 245 of the Comprehensive Mirror. Edit
The English was translated from the original by an AI, not checked sentence by sentence by a person, and is for reference; where it differs from the original, the original is right. Names are in pinyin. If a sentence is wrong, use “Edit” after the paragraph to correct it - no need to sign in.
Source: 新唐书 卷八 本纪第八 穆宗 敬宗 文宗 武宗 宣宗 (New Book of Tang, juan 8, Annals 8: Muzong, Jingzong, Wenzong, Wuzong, Xuanzong)
Wikipedia: Emperor Wenzong of Tang · Chinese Wikipedia: 唐文宗 · Baidu Baike: 唐文宗 (an article of the same name, not checked to be him)
Source
From the historical record: the notes below say where · tang-zongshi-00039
Notes (2)
- [Source] 新唐书 卷八 本纪第八 穆宗 敬宗 文宗 武宗 宣宗 New Book of Tang, juan 8, Annals 8: Muzong, Jingzong, Wenzong, Wuzong, Xuanzong
- [Collation note] 本纪：「文宗元聖昭獻孝皇帝諱昂，穆宗第二子也。」 The annals: “Wenzong (posthumous title: Yuansheng Zhaoxian Xiao Huangdi), personal name Áng, was the second son of Muzong.”