純 Chún
Biography
憲宗
憲宗昭文章武大聖至神孝皇帝諱純，順宗長子也。母曰莊憲皇太后王氏。貞元四年六月己亥，封廣陵郡王。二十一年三月，立為皇太子。
永貞元年八月，順宗詔立為皇帝。乙巳，即皇帝位于太極殿。丁未，始聽政。庚戌，罷獻祥瑞。癸丑，劍南西川節度使韋皐卒，行軍司馬劉闢自稱留後。戊午，天有聲于西北。己未，袁滋為劍南西川、山南西道安撫大使。癸亥，尚書左丞鄭餘慶同中書門下平章事。
九月己巳，罷教坊樂工正員官。
十月丁酉，為曾太皇太后舉哀。賈耽薨。戊戌，舒王誼薨。袁滋罷。己酉，葬神武聖文皇帝于崇陵。
十一月己巳，祔睿真皇后于元陵寢宮。壬申，貶韋執誼為崖州司馬。夏綏銀節度留後楊惠琳反。
十二月壬戌，中書舍人鄭絪為中書侍郎、同中書門下平章事。
元和元年正月丁卯，大赦，改元。賜文武官階、勳、爵，民高年者米帛羊酒。癸未，長武城使高崇文為左神策行營節度使，率左右神策京西行營兵馬使李元奕、山南西道節度使嚴礪、劍南東川節度使李康以討劉闢。甲申，太上皇崩。劉闢陷梓州，執李康。
三月丙子，高崇文克梓州。辛巳，楊惠琳伏誅。
四月丁未，杜佑為司徒。壬戌，邵王約薨。初令尚書省六品、諸司四品以上職事官，太子師傅、賓客、詹事，王府傅，日二人待制。
五月辛卯，尊母為皇太后。
六月癸巳，降死罪以下。賜百姓有父母祖父母八十以上者粟二斛、物二段，九十以上粟三斛、物三段。丙申，大風拔木。丁酉，高崇文及劉闢戰于鹿頭柵，敗之。癸卯，嚴礪又敗之于石碑谷。
閏月壬戌，平盧軍節度使李師古卒，其弟師道自稱留後。
Xianzong
Xianzong (posthumous title: Zhaowen Zhangwu Dasheng Zhishen Xiao Huangdi), whose personal name was Chun, was the eldest son of Shunzong. His mother was Lady Wang, Empress Dowager Zhuangxian. On the jihai day of the sixth month of the fourth year of Zhenyuan he was enfeoffed as Prince of Guangling Commandery. In the third month of the twenty-first year he was made Heir Apparent. Edit
In the eighth month of the first year of Yongzhen, Shunzong by edict set him up as emperor. On the yisi day he took the imperial throne in the Taiji Hall. On the dingwei day he began to attend to government. On the gengxu day the presentation of auspicious omens was stopped. On the guichou day Wei Gao, Military Commissioner of Jiannan West Circuit, died, and his Adjutant Liu Pi proclaimed himself Acting Military Commissioner. On the wuwu day there was a sound in the sky to the northwest. On the jiwei day Yuan Zi was made Grand Commissioner for Pacification of Jiannan West Circuit and Shannan West Circuit. On the guihai day Zheng Yuqing, Left Assistant Director of the Department of State Affairs, was made Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit
On the jisi day of the ninth month the regular official posts held by musicians of the Palace Music School were abolished. Edit
On the dingyou day of the tenth month mourning was held for the Great-Grand Empress Dowager. Jia Dan died. On the wuxu day Yi, Prince of Shu, died. Yuan Zi was dismissed. On the jiyou day Emperor Shenwu Shengwen was buried in the Chong Mausoleum. Edit
On the jisi day of the eleventh month the tablet of Empress Ruizhen was placed in the sleeping hall of the Yuan Mausoleum. On the renshen day Wei Zhiyi was demoted to Administrator of Yazhou. Yang Huilin, Acting Military Commissioner of Xia-Sui-Yin, rebelled. Edit
On the renxu day of the twelfth month Zheng Yin, Secretariat Drafter, was made Vice Director of the Secretariat and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit
On the dingmao day of the first month of the first year of Yuanhe there was a general amnesty and the era name was changed. Civil and military officials were granted official ranks, merit ranks and noble titles, and aged commoners rice, silk, mutton and wine. On the guiwei day Gao Chongwen, Commissioner of Changwu City, was made Military Commissioner of the Field Army of the Left Inspired Strategy Army, and led Li Yuanyi, Military Commander of the Field Armies of the Left and Right Inspired Strategy West of the Capital, Yan Li, Military Commissioner of Shannan West Circuit, and Li Kang, Military Commissioner of Jiannan East Circuit, to attack Liu Pi. On the jiashen day the Retired Emperor died. Liu Pi took Zi Prefecture and seized Li Kang. Edit
On the bingzi day of the third month Gao Chongwen recovered Zi Prefecture. On the xinsi day Yang Huilin was executed. Edit
On the dingwei day of the fourth month Du You was made Grand Minister of Education. On the renxu day Yue, Prince of Shao, died. For the first time it was ordered that serving officials of the sixth rank and above in the Department of State Affairs and of the fourth rank and above in the other offices, the Preceptors, Tutors, Guests and Supervisor of the Household of the Heir Apparent, and the Tutors of the princely establishments, should two each day wait in attendance to be consulted. Edit
On the xinmao day of the fifth month the emperor honoured his mother as Empress Dowager. Edit
On the guisi day of the sixth month sentences of death and below were reduced. Commoners with parents or grandparents over eighty were given two hu of grain and two lengths of goods, and those with parents or grandparents over ninety three hu of grain and three lengths of goods. On the bingshen day a great wind uprooted trees. On the dingyou day Gao Chongwen fought Liu Pi at the Lutou Stockade and defeated him. On the guimao day Yan Li defeated him again at Shibei Valley. Edit
On the renxu day of the intercalary month Li Shigu, Military Commissioner of the Pinglu Army, died, and his younger brother Shidao proclaimed himself Acting Military Commissioner. Edit
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七月壬寅，葬至德大聖大安孝皇帝于豐陵。癸丑，高崇文及劉闢戰于玄武，敗之。
八月丁卯，進封子平原郡王寧為鄧王，同安郡王寬澧王，延安郡王宥遂王，彭城郡王察深王，高密郡王寰洋王，文安郡王寮絳王；封子審為建王。
九月丙午，嚴礪及劉闢戰于神泉，敗之。辛亥，高崇文克成都。
十月甲子，減劍南東西川、山南西道今歲賦，釋脅從將吏。葬陣亡者，稟其家五歲。戊子，劉闢伏誅。
十一月庚戌，鄭餘慶罷。
是歲，召王偲薨。
二年正月己丑，朝獻于太清宮。庚寅，朝享于太廟。辛卯，有事于南郊，大赦。賜文武官勳、爵，文宣公、二王後、三恪、公主、諸王一子官，高年米帛羊酒加版授。乙巳，杜黃裳罷。己酉，御史中丞武元衡為門下侍郎，中書舍人李吉甫為中書侍郎：同中書門下平章事。
二月己巳，罷兩省官次對。癸酉，邕管經略使路恕敗黃洞蠻，執其首領黃承慶。
九月乙酉，密王綢薨。
十月，鎮海軍節度使李錡反，殺留後王澹。乙丑，淮南節度使王鍔為諸道行營兵馬招討使以討之。丁卯，武元衡罷。癸酉，鎮海軍兵馬使張子良執李錡。己卯，免潤州今歲稅。
十一月甲申，李錡伏誅。
十二月丙寅，劍南西川節度使高崇文為邠寧節度、京西諸軍都統。
三年正月癸巳，羣臣上尊號曰睿聖文武皇帝，大赦。罷諸道受代進奉錢。
三月癸巳，郇王緫薨。
四月壬申，大風壞含元殿西闕檻。
六月，西原蠻首領黃少卿降。
七月辛巳朔，日有食之。
九月庚寅，山南東道節度使于頔為司空、同中書門下平章事。丙申，戶部侍郎裴垍為中書侍郎、同中書門下平章事。戊戌，李吉甫罷。
四年正月壬午，免山南東道、淮南、江西、浙東、湖南、荊南今歲稅。戊子，簡王遘薨。
二月丁卯，鄭絪罷。給事中李藩為門下侍郎、同中書門下平章事。
三月乙酉，成德軍節度使王士真卒，其子承宗自稱留後。
閏月己酉，以旱降京師死罪非殺人者，禁刺史境內榷率、諸道旨條外進獻、嶺南黔中福建掠良民為奴婢者，省飛龍廄馬。己未，雨。丁卯，立鄧王寧為皇太子。
七月癸亥，吐蕃請和。
八月丙申，環王寇安南，都護張舟敗之。
十月辛巳，成德軍節度使王承宗反，執保信軍節度使薛昌朝。癸未，左神策軍護軍中尉吐突承璀為左右神策、河陽、浙西、宣歙、鎮州行營兵馬招討處置使以討之。戊子，承璀為鎮州招討宣慰使。癸巳，降死罪以下，賜文武官子為父後者勳兩轉。
十一月己巳，彰義軍節度使吳少誠卒，其弟少陽自稱留後。
五年正月己巳，左神策軍大將軍酈定進及王承宗戰，死之。
三月甲子，大風拔木。
四月丁亥，河東節度使范希朝、義武軍節度使張茂昭及王承宗戰于木刀溝，敗之。
七月丁未，赦王承宗。乙卯，幽州盧龍軍節度使劉濟卒，其子緫自稱留後。
九月丙寅，太常卿權德輿為禮部尚書、同中書門下平章事。
十月，張茂昭以易、定二州歸于有司。辛巳，義武軍都虞候楊伯玉反，伏誅。是月，義武軍兵馬使張佐元反，伏誅。
十一月甲辰，會王纁薨。庚申，裴垍罷。
六年正月庚申，淮南節度使李吉甫為中書侍郎、同中書門下平章事。
二月壬申，李藩罷。己丑，忻王造薨。
三月戊戌，有星隕于鄆州。
十二月己丑，戶部侍郎李絳為中書侍郎、同中書門下平章事。
閏月辛卯，辰、漵州首領張伯靖反，寇播、費二州。辛亥，皇太子薨。
七年正月癸酉，振武河溢，毀東受降城。
四月癸巳，詔民田畝樹桑二。
六月癸巳，杜佑罷。
七月乙亥，立遂王宥為皇太子。
八月戊戌，魏博節度使田季安卒，其子懷諫自稱知軍府事。
九月，京師地震。
十月乙未，魏博軍以田季安之將田興知軍事。庚戌，降死罪以下，賜文武官子為父後者勳兩轉。是月，魏博節度使田興以六州歸于有司。
十一月辛酉，赦魏、博、貝、衞、澶、相六州，給復一年，賜高年、孤獨、廢疾粟帛，賞軍士。
八年正月辛未，權德輿罷。
二月丁酉，貶于頔為恩王傅。
三月甲子，劍南西川節度使武元衡為門下侍郎、同中書門下平章事。
四月己亥，黔中經略使崔能討張伯靖。
五月癸亥，荊南節度使嚴綬討伯靖。丁丑，大隗山崩。
六月辛卯，渭水溢。辛丑，出宮人。
七月己巳，劍南東川節度使潘孟陽討張伯靖。
八月辛巳，湖南觀察使柳公綽討伯靖。丁未，伯靖降。
十二月庚寅，振武將楊遵憲反，逐其節度使李進賢。
九年二月癸卯，李絳罷。
三月丙辰，巂州地震。丁卯，隕霜殺桑。
五月乙丑，桂王綸薨。癸酉，以旱免京畿夏稅。
六月壬寅，河中節度使張弘靖為刑部尚書、同中書門下平章事。
閏八月丙辰，彰義軍節度使吳少陽卒，其子元濟自稱知軍事。
九月丁亥，山南東道節度使嚴綬、忠武軍都知兵馬使李光顏、壽州團練使李文通、河陽節度使烏重胤討之。
十月，太白晝見。丙午，李吉甫薨。甲子，嚴綬為申、光、蔡招撫使。
十一月戊子，罷京兆府臘獻狐兔。
十二月，詔刑部、大理官朔望入對。戊辰，尚書右丞韋貫之同中書門下平章事。
十年正月乙酉，宣武軍節度使韓弘為司徒。
二月甲辰，嚴綬及吳元濟戰于磁丘，敗績。自冬不雨至于是月。丙午，雪。壬戌，河東戍將劉輔殺豐州刺史燕重旰，伏誅。
三月庚子，忠武軍節度使李光顏及吳元濟戰于臨潁，敗之。四月甲辰，又敗之于南頓。五月丙申，又敗之于時曲。
六月癸卯，盜殺武元衡。戊申，京師大索。乙丑，御史中丞裴度為中書侍郎、同中書門下平章事。
七月甲戌，王承宗有罪，絕其朝貢。
八月己亥朔，日有食之。丁未，李師道將訾嘉珍反于東都，留守呂元膺敗之。乙丑，李光顏及吳元濟戰于時曲，敗績。
九月癸酉，韓弘為淮西行營兵馬都統。
十月，地震。
十一月壬申，李光顏、烏重胤及吳元濟戰于小溵河，敗之。丁丑，李文通又敗之于固始。戊寅，盜焚獻陵寢宮。
十二月甲辰，武寧軍都押衙王智興及李師道戰于平陰，敗之。
是歲，丹王逾薨。
十一年正月己巳，張弘靖罷。乙亥，幽州盧龍軍節度使劉緫及王承宗戰于武彊，敗之。癸未，免鄰賊州二歲稅。甲申，盜斷建陵門戟。
二月庚子，王承宗焚蔚州。乙巳，中書舍人李逢吉為門下侍郎、同中書門下平章事。乙丑，地震。
三月庚午，皇太后崩。
四月庚子，李光顏、烏重胤及吳元濟戰于凌雲柵，敗之。乙卯，劉緫及王承宗戰于深州，敗之。己未，免京畿二歲逋稅。
五月丁卯，宥州軍亂，逐其刺史駱怡，夏綏銀節度使田縉敗之。丁亥，雲南蠻寇安南。
六月，密州海溢。甲辰，唐鄧節度使高霞寓及吳元濟戰于鐵城，敗績。
七月壬午，韓弘及元濟戰于郾城，敗之。丙戌，免淮西鄰賊州夏稅。
八月甲午，渭水溢。壬寅，韋貫之罷。戊申，西原蠻陷賓、巒二州。己未，昭義軍節度使郗士美及王承宗戰于柏鄉，敗之。庚申，葬莊憲皇太后于豐陵。
十一月乙丑，邕管經略使韋悅克賓、巒二州。甲戌，元陵火。
十二月丁未，翰林學士、工部侍郎王涯為中書侍郎、同中書門下平章事。己未，西原蠻陷巖州。
是冬，桃李華。
十二年正月丁丑，地震。戊子，有彗星出于畢。
四月辛卯，唐鄧隋節度使李愬及吳元濟戰于嵖岈山，敗之。乙未，李光顏又敗之于郾城。五月辛酉，李愬又敗之于張柴。
七月丙辰，裴度為淮西宣慰處置使，戶部侍郎崔羣為中書侍郎：同中書門下平章事。
八月癸亥，烏重胤及吳元濟戰于賈店，敗績。
九月丁未，李逢吉罷。甲寅，李愬及吳元濟戰于吳房，敗之。
十月癸酉，克蔡州。甲戌，淮南節度使李鄘為門下侍郎、同中書門下平章事。甲申，給復淮西二年，免旁州來歲夏稅。葬戰士，稟其家五年。
十一月丙戌，吳元濟伏誅。甲午，恩王連薨。
是歲，容管經略使陽旻克欽、橫、潯、貴四州。
十三年正月乙酉，大赦，免元和二年以前逋負，賜高年米帛羊酒。
三月戊戌，御史大夫李夷簡為門下侍郎、同中書門下平章事。李鄘罷。己酉，橫海軍節度使程權以滄、景二州歸于有司，權朝于京師。
四月甲寅，王承宗獻德、棣二州。庚辰，赦承宗。
六月癸丑朔，日有食之。癸亥，給復德、棣、滄、景四州一年。辛未，淮水溢。
七月乙酉，宣武、魏博、義成、橫海軍討李師道。辛丑，李夷簡罷。
八月壬子，王涯罷。
九月甲辰，戶部侍郎皇甫鎛，諸道鹽鐵轉運使程异為工部侍郎：同中書門下平章事。
十月壬戌，吐蕃寇宥州，靈武節度使杜叔良敗之于定遠城。
十一月丁亥，命山人柳泌為台州刺史以求藥。
十二月，庚戌，迎佛骨于鳳翔。
十四年正月丙午，田弘正及李師道戰于陽穀，敗之。
二月戊午，師道伏誅。
四月辛未，程异薨。丙子，裴度罷。
七月戊寅，韓弘以汴、宋、亳、潁四州歸于有司，弘朝于京師。己丑，羣臣上尊號曰元和聖文神武法天應道皇帝。大赦，賜文武官階、勳、爵。遣黜陟使于天下。辛卯，沂海將王弁殺其觀察使王遂，自稱留後。丁酉，河陽節度使令狐楚為中書侍郎、同中書門下平章事。
八月己酉，韓弘為中書令。
九月戊寅，王弁伏誅。
十月壬戌，安南將楊清殺其都護李象古以反。癸酉，吐蕃寇鹽州。
十一月辛卯，朔方將史敬奉及吐蕃戰于瓠蘆河，敗之。
十二月乙卯，崔羣罷。
十五年正月，宦者陳弘志等反。庚子，皇帝崩，年四十三，謚曰聖神章武孝皇帝。大中三年，加謚昭文章武大聖至神孝皇帝。
贊
贊曰：德宗猜忌刻薄，以彊明自任，恥見屈於正論，而忘受欺於姦諛。故其疑蕭復之輕己，謂姜公輔為賣直，而不能容；用盧𣏌、趙贊，則至於敗亂，而終不悔。及奉天之難，深自懲艾，遂行姑息之政。由是朝廷益弱，而方鎮愈彊，至於唐亡，其患以此。憲宗剛明果斷，自初即位，慨然發憤，志平僭叛，能用忠謀，不惑羣議，卒收成功。自吳元濟誅，彊藩悍將皆欲悔過而効順。當此之時，唐之威令，幾於復振，則其為優劣，不待較而可知也。及其晚節，信用非人，不終其業，而身罹不測之禍，則尤甚於德宗。嗚呼！小人之能敗國也，不必愚君暗主，雖聰明聖智，苟有惑焉，未有不為患者也。昔韓愈言，順宗在東宮二十年，天下陰受其賜。然享國日淺，不幸疾病，莫克有為，亦可以悲夫！
On the renyin day of the seventh month Emperor Zhide Dasheng Da'an Xiao was buried in the Feng Mausoleum. On the guichou day Gao Chongwen fought Liu Pi at Xuanwu and defeated him. Edit
On the dingmao day of the eighth month the emperor's sons were raised in rank: Ning, Prince of Pingyuan Commandery, to Prince of Deng; Kuan, Prince of Tong'an Commandery, to Prince of Li; You, Prince of Yan'an Commandery, to Prince of Sui; Cha, Prince of Pengcheng Commandery, to Prince of Shen; Huan, Prince of Gaomi Commandery, to Prince of Yang; and Liao, Prince of Wen'an Commandery, to Prince of Jiang. His son Shen was enfeoffed as Prince of Jian. Edit
On the bingwu day of the ninth month Yan Li fought Liu Pi at Shenquan and defeated him. On the xinhai day Gao Chongwen took Chengdu. Edit
On the jiazi day of the tenth month the taxes of the year were reduced for Jiannan East and West Circuits and Shannan West Circuit, and the officers and officials who had followed the rebel under duress were released. Those killed in battle were buried, and their families were given rations for five years. On the wuzi day Liu Pi was executed. Edit
On the gengxu day of the eleventh month Zheng Yuqing was dismissed. Edit
In this year Si, Prince of Zhao, died. Edit
On the jichou day of the first month of the second year the emperor made offerings at the Taiqing Palace. On the gengyin day he made offerings at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On the xinmao day he performed the sacrifice at the southern suburb, and there was a general amnesty. Civil and military officials were granted merit ranks and noble titles; the Duke Wenxuan, the descendants of the two former dynasties, the Three Respected Lineages, the princesses and the princes were each granted office for one son; and the aged were given rice, silk, mutton and wine, with honorary appointments as well. On the yisi day Du Huangshang was dismissed. On the jiyou day Wu Yuanheng, Vice Censor-in-Chief, was made Vice Director of the Chancellery, and Li Jifu, Secretariat Drafter, Vice Director of the Secretariat; both were made Joint Managers of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit
On the jisi day of the second month the practice of officials of the two departments taking turns to answer the emperor's questions was ended. On the guiyou day Lu Shu, Pacification Commissioner of Yongguan, defeated the Huangdong tribes and seized their chief, Huang Chengqing. Edit
On the yiyou day of the ninth month Chou, Prince of Mi, died. Edit
In the tenth month Li Qi, Military Commissioner of the Zhenhai Army, rebelled and killed the Acting Military Commissioner, Wang Dan. On the yichou day Wang E, Military Commissioner of Huainan, was made Commissioner for Bandit Suppression of the Field Armies of All Circuits to attack him. On the dingmao day Wu Yuanheng was dismissed. On the guiyou day Zhang Ziliang, Military Commander of the Zhenhai Army, seized Li Qi. On the jimao day the year's taxes of Run Prefecture were remitted. Edit
On the jiashen day of the eleventh month Li Qi was executed. Edit
On the bingyin day of the twelfth month Gao Chongwen, Military Commissioner of Jiannan West Circuit, was made Military Commissioner of Binning and Commander-in-chief of the Armies West of the Capital. Edit
On the guisi day of the first month of the third year the assembled officials presented the honorific title Ruisheng Wenwu Huangdi, and there was a general amnesty. The money that the circuits presented to the throne when one official took over from another was abolished. Edit
On the guisi day of the third month Zong, Prince of Xun, died. Edit
On the renshen day of the fourth month a great wind broke the balustrade of the western tower of the Hanyuan Hall. Edit
In the sixth month Huang Shaoqing, chief of the Xiyuan tribes, surrendered. Edit
On the xinsi day, the first of the seventh month, there was an eclipse of the sun. Edit
On the gengyin day of the ninth month Yu Di, Military Commissioner of Shannan East Circuit, was made Grand Minister of Works and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. On the bingshen day Pei Ji, Vice Minister of Revenue, was made Vice Director of the Secretariat and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. On the wuxu day Li Jifu was dismissed. Edit
On the renwu day of the first month of the fourth year the year's taxes of Shannan East Circuit, Huainan, Jiangxi, Zhedong, Hunan and Jingnan were remitted. On the wuzi day Gou, Prince of Jian, died. Edit
On the dingmao day of the second month Zheng Yin was dismissed. Li Fan, Supervising Secretary, was made Vice Director of the Chancellery and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit
On the yiyou day of the third month Wang Shizhen, Military Commissioner of the Chengde Army, died, and his son Chengzong proclaimed himself Acting Military Commissioner. Edit
On the jiyou day of the intercalary month, because of drought, sentences of death in the capital other than for murder were reduced. Prefects were forbidden to impose monopolies and levies within their territories, the circuits were forbidden to make presentations to the throne beyond those laid down by decree, and Lingnan, Qianzhong and Fujian were forbidden to seize free people as slaves; the horses of the Flying Dragon Stables were reduced. On the jiwei day it rained. On the dingmao day Ning, Prince of Deng, was made Heir Apparent. Edit
On the guihai day of the seventh month Tibet asked for peace. Edit
On the bingshen day of the eighth month Huanwang raided Annan, and the Protector-general, Zhang Zhou, defeated them. Edit
On the xinsi day of the tenth month Wang Chengzong, Military Commissioner of the Chengde Army, rebelled and seized Xue Changchao, Military Commissioner of the Baoxin Army. On the guiwei day Tutu Chengcui, Commandant of the Guard of the Left Inspired Strategy Army, was made Commissioner for Bandit Suppression and Management of the Field Armies of the Left and Right Inspired Strategy, Heyang, Zhexi, Xuan-She and Zhenzhou, to attack him. On the wuzi day Chengcui was made Commissioner for Suppression and Pacification of Zhenzhou. On the guisi day sentences of death and below were reduced, and the sons of civil and military officials who were their fathers' heirs were granted two grades of merit rank. Edit
On the jisi day of the eleventh month Wu Shaocheng, Military Commissioner of the Zhangyi Army, died, and his younger brother Shaoyang proclaimed himself Acting Military Commissioner. Edit
On the jisi day of the first month of the fifth year Li Dingjin, General-in-Chief of the Left Inspired Strategy Army, fought Wang Chengzong and died in battle. Edit
On the jiazi day of the third month a great wind uprooted trees. Edit
On the dinghai day of the fourth month Fan Xichao, Military Commissioner of Hedong, and Zhang Maozhao, Military Commissioner of the Yiwu Army, fought Wang Chengzong at the Mudao Gully and defeated him. Edit
On the dingwei day of the seventh month Wang Chengzong was pardoned. On the yimao day Liu Ji, Military Commissioner of the Youzhou Lulong Army, died, and his son Zong proclaimed himself Acting Military Commissioner. Edit
On the bingyin day of the ninth month Quan Deyu, Chief Minister of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, was made Minister of Rites and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit
In the tenth month Zhang Maozhao handed the two prefectures of Yi and Ding over to the court's officials. On the xinsi day Yang Boyu, Chief Inspector of the Yiwu Army, rebelled and was executed. In the same month Zhang Zuoyuan, Military Commander of the Yiwu Army, rebelled and was executed. Edit
On the jiachen day of the eleventh month Xun, Prince of Hui, died. On the gengshen day Pei Ji was dismissed. Edit
On the gengshen day of the first month of the sixth year Li Jifu, Military Commissioner of Huainan, was made Vice Director of the Secretariat and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit
On the renshen day of the second month Li Fan was dismissed. On the jichou day Zao, Prince of Xin, died. Edit
On the wuxu day of the third month a star fell in Yun Prefecture. Edit
On the jichou day of the twelfth month Li Jiang, Vice Minister of Revenue, was made Vice Director of the Secretariat and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit
On the xinmao day of the intercalary month Zhang Bojing, a chieftain of Chen and Xu Prefectures, rebelled and raided the two prefectures of Bo and Fei. On the xinhai day the Heir Apparent died. Edit
On the guiyou day of the first month of the seventh year the river at Zhenwu overflowed and destroyed the Eastern Surrender-Receiving City. Edit
On the guisi day of the fourth month an edict ordered the people to plant two mulberry trees on every mu of their fields. Edit
On the guisi day of the sixth month Du You was dismissed. Edit
On the yihai day of the seventh month You, Prince of Sui, was made Heir Apparent. Edit
On the wuxu day of the eighth month Tian Ji'an, Military Commissioner of Weibo, died, and his son Huaijian proclaimed himself in charge of the army headquarters. Edit
In the ninth month there was an earthquake in the capital. Edit
On the yiwei day of the tenth month the Weibo army put Tian Xing, an officer of Tian Ji'an, in charge of its military affairs. On the gengxu day sentences of death and below were reduced, and the sons of civil and military officials who were their fathers' heirs were granted two grades of merit rank. In this month Tian Xing, Military Commissioner of Weibo, handed six prefectures over to the court's officials. Edit
On the xinyou day of the eleventh month the six prefectures of Wei, Bo, Bei, Wei, Chan and Xiang were pardoned and exempted from taxes and labour service for one year; the aged, the orphaned and childless, and the disabled were given grain and silk, and the soldiers were rewarded. Edit
On the xinwei day of the first month of the eighth year Quan Deyu was dismissed. Edit
On the dingyou day of the second month Yu Di was demoted to Tutor to the Prince of En. Edit
On the jiazi day of the third month Wu Yuanheng, Military Commissioner of Jiannan West Circuit, was made Vice Director of the Chancellery and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit
On the jihai day of the fourth month Cui Neng, Pacification Commissioner of Qianzhong, attacked Zhang Bojing. Edit
On the guihai day of the fifth month Yan Shou, Military Commissioner of Jingnan, attacked Bojing. On the dingchou day Mount Dawei collapsed. Edit
On the xinmao day of the sixth month the Wei River overflowed. On the xinchou day palace women were released. Edit
On the jisi day of the seventh month Pan Mengyang, Military Commissioner of Jiannan East Circuit, attacked Zhang Bojing. Edit
On the xinsi day of the eighth month Liu Gongchuo, Surveillance Commissioner of Hunan, attacked Bojing. On the dingwei day Bojing surrendered. Edit
On the gengyin day of the twelfth month Yang Zunxian, an officer of Zhenwu, rebelled and drove out his Military Commissioner, Li Jinxian. Edit
On the guimao day of the second month of the ninth year Li Jiang was dismissed. Edit
On the bingchen day of the third month there was an earthquake in Xi Prefecture. On the dingmao day frost fell and killed the mulberry trees. Edit
On the yichou day of the fifth month Lun, Prince of Gui, died. On the guiyou day, because of drought, the summer tax of the capital region was remitted. Edit
On the renyin day of the sixth month Zhang Hongjing, Military Commissioner of Hezhong, was made Minister of Justice and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit
On the bingchen day of the intercalary eighth month Wu Shaoyang, Military Commissioner of the Zhangyi Army, died, and his son Yuanji proclaimed himself in charge of military affairs. Edit
On the dinghai day of the ninth month Yan Shou, Military Commissioner of Shannan East Circuit, Li Guangyan, Chief Military Commander of the Zhongwu Army, Li Wentong, Militia Commissioner of Shouzhou, and Wu Chongyin, Military Commissioner of Heyang, attacked him. Edit
In the tenth month Venus was seen in the daytime. On the bingwu day Li Jifu died. On the jiazi day Yan Shou was made Commissioner for Summoning and Pacifying Shen, Guang and Cai. Edit
On the wuzi day of the eleventh month the end-of-year offering of foxes and hares by Jingzhao Prefecture was abolished. Edit
In the twelfth month an edict ordered the officials of the Ministry of Justice and the Court of Judicial Review to come to audience to answer questions on the first and fifteenth of each month. On the wuchen day Wei Guanzhi, Right Assistant Director of the Department of State Affairs, was made Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit
On the yiyou day of the first month of the tenth year Han Hong, Military Commissioner of the Xuanwu Army, was made Grand Minister of Education. Edit
On the jiachen day of the second month Yan Shou fought Wu Yuanji at Ciqiu and was defeated. From the winter until this month it had not rained. On the bingwu day it snowed. On the renxu day Liu Fu, a garrison officer of Hedong, killed Yan Chonggan, Prefect of Fengzhou, and was executed. Edit
On the gengzi day of the third month Li Guangyan, Military Commissioner of the Zhongwu Army, fought Wu Yuanji at Linying and defeated him. On the jiachen day of the fourth month he defeated him again at Nandun. On the bingshen day of the fifth month he defeated him again at Shiqu. Edit
On the guimao day of the sixth month assassins killed Wu Yuanheng. On the wushen day there was a great search in the capital. On the yichou day Pei Du, Vice Censor-in-Chief, was made Vice Director of the Secretariat and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit
On the jiaxu day of the seventh month Wang Chengzong was found guilty, and his tribute missions to court were cut off. Edit
On the jihai day, the first of the eighth month, there was an eclipse of the sun. On the dingwei day Zi Jiazhen, an officer of Li Shidao, rebelled in the Eastern Capital, and the Regent of the Eastern Capital, Lu Yuanying, defeated him. On the yichou day Li Guangyan fought Wu Yuanji at Shiqu and was defeated. Edit
On the guiyou day of the ninth month Han Hong was made Commander-in-chief of the Field Armies of Huaixi. Edit
In the tenth month there was an earthquake. Edit
On the renshen day of the eleventh month Li Guangyan and Wu Chongyin fought Wu Yuanji at the Little Yin River and defeated him. On the dingchou day Li Wentong defeated him again at Gushi. On the wuyin day bandits burned the sleeping hall of the Xian Mausoleum. Edit
On the jiachen day of the twelfth month Wang Zhixing, Chief Guard Commander of the Wuning Army, fought Li Shidao at Pingyin and defeated him. Edit
In this year Yu, Prince of Dan, died. Edit
On the jisi day of the first month of the eleventh year Zhang Hongjing was dismissed. On the yihai day Liu Zong, Military Commissioner of the Youzhou Lulong Army, fought Wang Chengzong at Wuqiang and defeated him. On the guiwei day the prefectures bordering the rebels were exempted from taxes for two years. On the jiashen day bandits cut down the halberds at the gate of the Jian Mausoleum. Edit
On the gengzi day of the second month Wang Chengzong burned Yu Prefecture. On the yisi day Li Fengji, Secretariat Drafter, was made Vice Director of the Chancellery and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. On the yichou day there was an earthquake. Edit
On the gengwu day of the third month the Empress Dowager died. Edit
On the gengzi day of the fourth month Li Guangyan and Wu Chongyin fought Wu Yuanji at the Lingyun Stockade and defeated him. On the yimao day Liu Zong fought Wang Chengzong at Shenzhou and defeated him. On the jiwei day two years of arrears of tax in the capital region were remitted. Edit
On the dingmao day of the fifth month the army of You Prefecture mutinied and drove out its Prefect, Luo Yi; Tian Jin, Military Commissioner of Xia-Sui-Yin, defeated the mutineers. On the dinghai day the Yunnan tribes raided Annan. Edit
In the sixth month the sea overflowed at Mi Prefecture. On the jiachen day Gao Xiayu, Military Commissioner of Tang-Deng, fought Wu Yuanji at Tiecheng and was defeated. Edit
On the renwu day of the seventh month Han Hong fought Yuanji at Yancheng and defeated him. On the bingxu day the summer tax of the prefectures of Huaixi bordering the rebels was remitted. Edit
On the jiawu day of the eighth month the Wei River overflowed. On the renyin day Wei Guanzhi was dismissed. On the wushen day the Xiyuan tribes took the two prefectures of Bin and Luan. On the jiwei day Xi Shimei, Military Commissioner of the Zhaoyi Army, fought Wang Chengzong at Baixiang and defeated him. On the gengshen day Empress Dowager Zhuangxian was buried in the Feng Mausoleum. Edit
On the yichou day of the eleventh month Wei Yue, Pacification Commissioner of Yongguan, recovered the two prefectures of Bin and Luan. On the jiaxu day there was a fire at the Yuan Mausoleum. Edit
On the dingwei day of the twelfth month Wang Ya, Hanlin Academician and Vice Minister of Works, was made Vice Director of the Secretariat and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. On the jiwei day the Xiyuan tribes took Yan Prefecture. Edit
That winter the peach and plum trees blossomed. Edit
On the dingchou day of the first month of the twelfth year there was an earthquake. On the wuzi day a comet appeared in the lunar lodge Bi. Edit
On the xinmao day of the fourth month Li Su, Military Commissioner of Tang-Deng-Sui, fought Wu Yuanji at Mount Chaya and defeated him. On the yiwei day Li Guangyan defeated him again at Yancheng. On the xinyou day of the fifth month Li Su defeated him again at Zhangchai. Edit
On the bingchen day of the seventh month Pei Du was made Commissioner for Pacification and Management of Huaixi, and Cui Qun, Vice Minister of Revenue, was made Vice Director of the Secretariat; both were made Joint Managers of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit
On the guihai day of the eighth month Wu Chongyin fought Wu Yuanji at Jiadian and was defeated. Edit
On the dingwei day of the ninth month Li Fengji was dismissed. On the jiayin day Li Su fought Wu Yuanji at Wufang and defeated him. Edit
On the guiyou day of the tenth month Cai Prefecture was taken. On the jiaxu day Li Yong, Military Commissioner of Huainan, was made Vice Director of the Chancellery and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. On the jiashen day Huaixi was exempted from taxes and labour service for two years, and the neighbouring prefectures from the next year's summer tax. The fallen soldiers were buried, and their families given rations for five years. Edit
On the bingxu day of the eleventh month Wu Yuanji was executed. On the jiawu day Lian, Prince of En, died. Edit
In this year Yang Min, Pacification Commissioner of Rongguan, recovered the four prefectures of Qin, Heng, Xun and Gui. Edit
On the yiyou day of the first month of the thirteenth year there was a general amnesty; arrears and debts from before the second year of Yuanhe were remitted, and the aged were given rice, silk, mutton and wine. Edit
On the wuxu day of the third month Li Yijian, Censor-in-Chief, was made Vice Director of the Chancellery and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Li Yong was dismissed. On the jiyou day Cheng Quan, Military Commissioner of the Henghai Army, handed the two prefectures of Cang and Jing over to the court's officials, and Quan came to court in the capital. Edit
On the jiayin day of the fourth month Wang Chengzong presented the two prefectures of De and Di. On the gengchen day Chengzong was pardoned. Edit
On the guichou day, the first of the sixth month, there was an eclipse of the sun. On the guihai day the four prefectures of De, Di, Cang and Jing were exempted from taxes and labour service for one year. On the xinwei day the Huai River overflowed. Edit
On the yiyou day of the seventh month the Xuanwu, Weibo, Yicheng and Henghai armies attacked Li Shidao. On the xinchou day Li Yijian was dismissed. Edit
On the renzi day of the eighth month Wang Ya was dismissed. Edit
On the jiachen day of the ninth month Huangfu Bo, Vice Minister of Revenue, and Cheng Yi, Salt, Iron and Transport Commissioner of All Circuits, who was made Vice Minister of Works, were both made Joint Managers of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit
On the renxu day of the tenth month Tibet raided You Prefecture, and Du Shuliang, Military Commissioner of Lingwu, defeated them at Dingyuan City. Edit
On the dinghai day of the eleventh month the hermit Liu Mi was made Prefect of Taizhou, so that he might seek the elixir. Edit
On the gengxu day of the twelfth month the bone of the Buddha was welcomed from Fengxiang. Edit
On the bingwu day of the first month of the fourteenth year Tian Hongzheng fought Li Shidao at Yanggu and defeated him. Edit
On the wuwu day of the second month Shidao was executed. Edit
On the xinwei day of the fourth month Cheng Yi died. On the bingzi day Pei Du was dismissed. Edit
On the wuyin day of the seventh month Han Hong handed the four prefectures of Bian, Song, Bo and Ying over to the court's officials, and Hong came to court in the capital. On the jichou day the assembled officials presented the honorific title Yuanhe Shengwen Shenwu Fatian Yingdao Huangdi. There was a general amnesty, and civil and military officials were granted official ranks, merit ranks and noble titles. Commissioners for Promotion and Demotion were sent throughout the empire. On the xinmao day Wang Bian, an officer of Yi-Hai, killed his Surveillance Commissioner, Wang Sui, and proclaimed himself Acting Military Commissioner. On the dingyou day Linghu Chu, Military Commissioner of Heyang, was made Vice Director of the Secretariat and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery. Edit
On the jiyou day of the eighth month Han Hong was made Director of the Secretariat. Edit
On the wuyin day of the ninth month Wang Bian was executed. Edit
On the renxu day of the tenth month Yang Qing, an officer of Annan, killed his Protector-general, Li Xianggu, and rebelled. On the guiyou day Tibet raided Yan Prefecture. Edit
On the xinmao day of the eleventh month Shi Jingfeng, an officer of Shuofang, fought the Tibetans at the Hulu River and defeated them. Edit
On the yimao day of the twelfth month Cui Qun was dismissed. Edit
In the first month of the fifteenth year the eunuch Chen Hongzhi and others rebelled. On the gengzi day the emperor died, aged forty-three. He was given the posthumous title Shengshen Zhangwu Xiao Huangdi. In the third year of Dazhong this was extended to Zhaowen Zhangwu Dasheng Zhishen Xiao Huangdi. Edit
Appraisal
The appraisal says: Dezong was suspicious, jealous and harsh. He prided himself on his strength and acuity, was ashamed to be overruled by upright argument, and forgot that he was being deceived by the wicked and the flatterers. So he suspected that Xiao Fu slighted him, called Jiang Gongfu a man who traded on his uprightness, and could not bear them; he employed Lu Qi and Zhao Zan, which led to defeat and disorder, and yet never repented. After the crisis at Fengtian he chastened himself deeply and so took up a policy of indulgence. From then on the court grew ever weaker and the regional commands ever stronger, and the trouble that lasted until the fall of Tang came from this. Xianzong was firm, clear-sighted and decisive. From the moment he took the throne he was roused to resolve, determined to put down the usurpers and rebels; he could use loyal counsel and was not misled by the many voices, and in the end he succeeded. After Wu Yuanji was executed, the strong regional commands and the fierce generals all wished to repent their faults and submit. At that time the authority and commands of Tang were very nearly restored, so which of the two was the better needs no comparison to know. But in his last years he trusted and employed the wrong men, did not carry his work through, and himself met an unforeseen disaster, and in this he was worse than Dezong. Alas! For petty men to ruin a state, the ruler need not be foolish or benighted; even one who is intelligent, sagely and wise, if there is something that deludes him, will not escape the harm. Han Yu once said that Shunzong was in the Eastern Palace for twenty years, and the empire quietly received his blessings. Yet his reign was short, he was unfortunately ill, and he could accomplish nothing. This too is cause for sorrow! Edit
The English was translated from the original by an AI, not checked sentence by sentence by a person, and is for reference; where it differs from the original, the original is right. Names are in pinyin. If a sentence is wrong, use “Edit” after the paragraph to correct it - no need to sign in.
Source: 新唐书 卷七 本纪第七 德宗 顺宗 宪宗 (New Book of Tang, juan 7, Annals 7: Dezong, Shunzong, Xianzong)
Source
From the historical record: the notes below say where · tang-zongshi-00036
Notes (2)
- [Source] 新唐书 卷七 本纪第七 德宗 顺宗 宪宗 New Book of Tang, juan 7, Annals 7: Dezong, Shunzong, Xianzong
- [Collation note] 本纪：「憲宗昭文章武大聖至神孝皇帝諱純，順宗長子也。」 The annals: “Xianzong (posthumous title: Zhaowen Zhangwu Dasheng Zhishen Xiao Huangdi), personal name Chún, was the eldest son of Shunzong.”