奕詝 Yìzhǔ
Biography
文宗協天翊運執中垂謨懋德振武聖孝淵恭端仁寬敏顯皇帝，諱奕詝，宣宗第四子也，母孝全成皇后鈕祜祿氏，道光十一年六月初九日生。二十六年，用立儲家法，書名緘藏。
三十年正月丁未，宣宗不豫，宣召大臣示硃筆，立為皇太子。宣宗崩，己未，上即位，頒詔覃恩，以明年為咸豐元年。尊皇貴妃為孝慈皇貴妃。追封兄貝勒奕緯、奕綱、奕繹為郡王。封弟奕訢恭親王，奕枻醇郡王，奕硉鍾郡王，奕譓孚郡王。定縞素百日，素服二十七月。
二月戊辰，命左都御史柏葰、內務府大臣基溥營建昌西陵，為孝和皇后山陵。初宣宗遺詔，毋庸升配、升祔。交廷臣議。議上。詔曰：「先帝謙讓，所不敢從。曲體先懷，宜定限制。即以三祖五宗為斷，嗣後不復舉行。」湖南土匪李沅發作亂。詔：「惠親王系朕之叔，免叩拜禮，示敬長親親。」庚辰，敕沿海整頓水師，認真巡緝。壬辰，大理寺卿倭仁應詔陳言，上嘉其直諫。
三月癸巳朔，保昌卒，以柏葰為兵部尚書，花沙納為左都御史。壬寅，通政使羅惇衍應詔陳言，上優詔答之。癸卯，左副都御史文瑞疏陳四事，並錄進乾隆元年故大學士孫嘉淦三習一弊疏，禮部侍郎曾國籓疏陳用人三事，均嘉納之。辛亥，濬江蘇白茅河，移建海口石徬於老徬橋。壬戌，禮親王全齡薨，子世鐸襲。
夏四月乙丑，俄羅斯請於塔爾巴哈台通商，允之。己巳，內閣學士車克慎疏陳敬天繼志、用人行政凡十條，優詔答之。癸酉，戶部疏陳整頓財政，臚陳各弊，得旨：實力革除。庚辰，英吉利國船至江蘇海口遞公文，卻之。乙酉，船至天津。
Wenzong, Emperor Xian (full posthumous title: Xietian Yiyun Zhizhong Chuimo Maode Zhenwu Shengxiao Yuangong Duanren Kuanmin Xian Huangdi), personal name Yizhu, was the fourth son of Xuanzong. His mother was Empress Xiaoquancheng, of the Niohuru clan. He was born on the ninth day of the sixth month of the eleventh year of Daoguang. In the twenty-sixth year, following the family law for naming the heir, his name was written down and sealed away. Edit
In the thirtieth year, in the first month, on dingwei, Xuanzong fell ill, summoned the high officials, showed them what he had written in vermilion, and established him as Crown Prince. Xuanzong died. On jiwei, the emperor came to the throne and proclaimed an edict extending imperial favours, making the next year the first year of Xianfeng. He honoured the Imperial Noble Consort as the Imperial Noble Consort Xiaoci. He posthumously raised his elder brothers, the beile Yiwei, Yigang and Yiyi, to be princes of the second rank. He made his younger brothers Yixin Prince Gong of the First Rank, Yiyi Prince Chun of the Second Rank, Yilu Prince Zhong of the Second Rank, and Yihui Prince Fu of the Second Rank. White mourning was fixed at one hundred days, and plain dress at twenty-seven months. Edit
In the second month, on wuchen, the Senior Censor-in-Chief Bojun and the Minister of the Imperial Household Department Jipu were ordered to build the Changxiling, as the tomb of Empress Xiaohe. Earlier, Xuanzong's testamentary edict had said that he need not be raised to be paired in the sacrifices or to have his tablet placed with the ancestors. This was referred to the court officials to deliberate. Their deliberation was submitted. An edict said: "That the late emperor was modest and yielding is something I dare not follow. But, honouring the late emperor's wish as far as I may, a limit should be set. Let the three founders and five emperors be the limit, and after this it shall not be done again." The local bandit Li Yuanfa of Hunan rose in revolt. An edict said: "Prince Hui of the First Rank is my uncle; he is excused from the kowtow, to show respect for the elder and affection for kin." On gengchen, the coastal provinces were ordered to put their naval forces in order and patrol and seize in earnest. On renchen, the Chief Minister of the Court of Judicial Review, Woren, in answer to the edict, set out his views, and the emperor praised his frank remonstrance. Edit
In the third month, on the first day, guisi, Baochang died, and Bojun was made Minister of War and Huashana Senior Censor-in-Chief. On renyin, the Commissioner of the Office of Transmission, Luo Dunyan, in answer to the edict, set out his views, and the emperor answered him with a gracious edict. On guimao, the Junior Censor-in-Chief of the Left, Wenrui, submitted a memorial setting out four matters, and also copied and presented the memorial on the Three Habits and the One Fault of the late Grand Secretary Sun Jiagan of the first year of Qianlong; and the Vice Minister of Rites, Zeng Guofan, submitted a memorial setting out three matters on the employment of men. All were praised and accepted. On xinhai, the Baimao River in Jiangsu was dredged, and the stone weir at its mouth to the sea was moved and rebuilt at Laobang Bridge. On renxu, Prince Li of the First Rank, Quanling, died, and his son Shiduo succeeded him. Edit
In the summer, the fourth month, on yichou, Russia asked to trade at Ta'erbahatai, and this was permitted. On jisi, the Sub-Chancellor of the Grand Secretariat, Chekeshen, submitted a memorial in ten articles on revering Heaven and carrying on the late emperor's purpose, on the employment of men and on administration, and a gracious edict answered him. On guiyou, the Board of Revenue submitted a memorial on putting the finances in order, setting out the abuses one by one, and an edict said: "Root them out in earnest." On gengchen, a British ship came to a harbour mouth of Jiangsu to deliver an official letter, and was refused. On yiyou, the ship reached Tianjin. Edit
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五月丙申，起碇南旋。丁酉，詔曰：「州縣親民之官，責任綦重。近年登進冒濫，流品猥雜，多倚胥吏而朘閭閻，民生何賴焉。督撫大吏其加意考察，薦進廉平，鋤斥貪茸，庶民困漸蘇，以副朕望。」獲湖南逆首李沅發，解京誅之。詔鄭祖琛「廣西會匪四起，應時捕剿，疏報勿得諱飾。」辛亥，改山東登州鎮為水師總兵，兼轄陸路。癸丑，詔東南兩河勘籌民堰。甲寅，以固慶為吉林將軍。
六月癸亥，永定河溢。大學士潘世恩致仕，食全俸。以祁俊藻為大學士，杜受田協辦大學士，孫瑞珍為戶部尚書，王廣廕為兵部尚書，季芝昌為左都御史。甲戌，除甘肅民、番升科畸零地銀。甲申，敕督撫舉劾屬員，臚列事實，勿以空言。是月，廣東花縣人洪秀全在廣西桂平縣金田起事。
秋七月辛卯，敕沿海督撫籌防海口。丙辰，尚書文慶坐延請妖人薛執中治病，免。
八月丁卯，洪秀全竄修仁、荔浦，敕鄭祖琛剿之。調向榮為廣西提督剿賊。甲申，詔曰：「各省糾眾滋事，重案層見疊出，該地方官所司何事？即如河南捻匪結黨成群，甚至擾及鄰省，橫行劫掠，自應合力捕治，淨絕根株。若封疆大吏玩縱於前，復諱飾於後，以致釀成鉅患，朕必將該督撫從重治罪。凜之！」
九月丙申，以廣西賊勢蔓延，調湖南、雲南、貴州兵各二千赴剿，並勸諭紳民舉辦團練。辛丑，命林則徐為欽差大臣，剿賊廣西。甲辰，以廣東遊匪滋事，命徐廣縉剿之。丙午，大行梓宮發引。辛亥，暫安宣宗成皇帝於隆恩殿。
冬十月壬午，以彌縫釀患，奪鄭祖琛職，林則徐署廣西巡撫。甲子，永定河漫口合龍。丙戌，詔曰：「大學士穆彰阿柔佞竊位，傾排異己，沮格戎機，罔恤國是，即行褫職。協辦大學士耆英無恥無能，降員外郎。頒示中外。」以賽尚阿協辦大學士。
十一月戊戌，以奕山為伊犁將軍。庚子，欽差大臣林則徐道卒，以周天爵署廣西巡撫，命前兩江總督李星沅為欽差大臣，赴廣西剿賊。乙巳，敕各省籓庫積存雜款，撥充軍需，暫緩開捐。劉韻珂免，以裕泰為閩浙總督，程矞採為湖廣總督，吳文鎔為雲貴總督。獲廣西匪首鍾亞春，誅之。
十二月己巳，孝德皇后冊諡禮成，追封后父富泰為三等公。敕奕山酌定俄羅斯通商條例以聞。庚午，敕江蘇四府漕糧暫行海運。甲戌，向榮剿賊橫州，敗之。己卯，恤廣西陣亡副將伊克坦布等世職。丙戌，祫祭太廟。
是歲，免直隸、浙江、湖南等省六十七州縣災賦有差。朝鮮、琉球入貢。
咸豐元年辛亥春正月戊子朔，御太和殿受朝賀。詔直省查明道光三十年以前正耗錢糧實欠在民者，開單請旨。命賽尚阿為大學士。壬寅，上謁慕陵，行周年大祭禮。庚戌，還京。辛亥，詔翰、詹諸臣分撰講義進呈。給事中蘇廷魁疏請推誠任賢，慎始圖終。上嘉納之。
二月乙丑，詔免直省民欠錢糧巳入奏銷者，及於江蘇民欠漕糧，悉予蠲免。杜受田疏陳整軍威、募精勇、勸鄉團、察地形四事，發軍前大臣。庚午，李星沅奏剿賊金田獲勝。己卯，詔曰：「今年節過春分，寒威未解。朕返躬內省，未能上感天和。因思去冬禮部匯題烈婦一本，內閣票擬雙簽，遂用不必旌表之簽發下。該烈婦等捨生取義，足激薄俗而重綱常，所有烈婦彭氏等三十七口，准其一體旌表，以慰貞魂。」命廣州副都統烏蘭泰帶所制軍械赴廣西剿賊。
三月丙申，命大學士賽尚阿佩欽差大臣關防，馳往湖南辦理防堵，都統巴清德、副都統達洪阿隨往。庚子，上御紫光閣閱射。辛丑，御拱辰殿步射，閱大臣、侍衛射。己酉，河南巡撫潘鐸奏拿獲捻匪姚經年二百餘名。庚戌，調廣東、湖南、四川兵赴廣西助剿。壬子，發內帑銀一百萬兩備廣西軍儲，發四川倉穀碾運湖南。
夏四月戊午，命賽尚阿馳赴廣西接辦軍務。己未，命戶部左侍郎舒興阿為軍機大臣。庚申，上御乾清門聽政。恤廣西中伏陣亡副將齊清阿等世職。詔以李星沅等毫無成算，中賊奸計，切責之。以鄭祖琛養癰貽患，遣戍伊犁。丙寅，周天爵奏洪秀全等眾皆散處，山險路熟，伺間衝突，即敗不足以大創。此時兵力不足，專飭防守。須兵有餘力，乃可連營偪剿。得旨：「務當嚴防，勿令竄逸。」賽尚阿師行，賜遏必隆刀，命天津鎮總兵長瑞、涼州鎮總兵長壽從征。庚午，免直隸道光三十年民欠錢糧。周天爵奏劾右江鎮總兵惠慶、右江道慶吉剿賊不力，均奪職。丙子，李星沅奏剿滅上林墟會匪。癸未，李星沅卒。烏蘭泰奏，四月初三日，抵武宣軍營。查詢賊勢，類皆烏合。惟武宣東鄉會匪有眾萬餘，蓄髮易服，有偽王、偽官名目，實廣西腹心之患。得旨：「賊情狡獪，務當持重。」
五月戊子，周天爵奏，武宣東鄉逸賊竄入象州。詔切責之，各予薄譴。詔湖南提督余萬清協同堵剿。庚寅，卓秉恬奏請行堅壁清野之法，下賽尚阿及督撫知之。甲午，周天爵奏剿平泗城股匪，陳亞等投誠，追賊入合浦。丁酉，烏蘭泰奏，四月十七日，馳至象州，堵截逸賊。甲辰，陝甘總督琦善以剿辦番族，率意妄殺，奪職逮問。乙巳，以季芝昌為閩浙總督，以戶部尚書裕誠協辦大學士。己酉，詔停中外一切工程。命工部右侍郎彭蘊章為軍機大臣。乙卯，上詣大高殿祈雨。
六月丁巳，賽尚阿報抵長沙。詔曰：「象州之賊，宜重兵合圍。分竄南寧、太平之賊，應分兵追剿。其尚審度地勢人材，聯絡布置。糧台尤關緊要，並宜分置，以利轉輸。」丙寅，烏蘭泰奏，五月初十日，賊陷貴州兵營，當日奪回。其南山屯集之賊，亦經迎擊南竄。陣亡官十五員，兵二百餘名，附單請恤。首先敗退之貴州參將佟攀梅等褫職。辛未，撥江海關稅銀十五萬兩，解備湖北過境兵差。乙亥，賽尚阿奏，六月初四日，馳抵桂林，通籌全局。上嘉其均合機宜。丁丑，河南南陽捻匪四齣滋擾，詔所司捕之。辛巳，西寧番匪搶掠，敕薩迎阿遣將剿捕。
秋七月丙戌，賽尚阿奏，賊由象州回竄東鄉，派兵堵剿。庚寅，御史焦友瀛疏言吏治因循，宜綜覈名實。得旨：「如果牧令得人，何至姦宄潛聚，釀成巨患？嗣後有似此者，惟督撫是問。」庚子，賽尚阿奏，進剿新墟賊匪，七戰皆捷。賞還烏蘭泰、秦定三花翎。命湖廣、四川督撫嚴查會匪、教匪。丁未，敕南河歲修工程，以三百萬為率。己酉，賽尚阿奏：「查明軍將功過，烏蘭泰先勝後敗，由於猛追中伏，賊人壅流設伏，後軍死流湍者百餘。向榮初到桂時，連獲勝仗，每勝賞兵銀人各一兩。李星沅既至，減為三錢。眾兵譁然，誓不出戰。現巳分別汰除，務知持重。」安徽巡撫蔣文慶奏，壽州匪犯程六麻與合肥捻匪高四八作亂。庚戌，調鮑起豹為湖南提督，榮玉材為雲南提督，重綸為貴州提督。
八月乙卯，賽尚阿奏，進剿新墟賊巢，奪占豬綌峽、雙髻山。得旨嘉獎。乙丑，山東巡撫陳慶偕奏，登州水師船被賊擄，副將落水。得旨：「速往追剿。」並敕奕興、訥爾經額嚴防海口。禮部尚書惠豐卒。
閏八月甲申朔，新墟眾首洪秀全陷永安州，踞之，僭號太平天國。陸建瀛奏請禁天主教。得旨：「與外夷交涉，當慎之於始。原約所有者，仍應循守舊章。」戊子，程矞采奏，陽山賊匪竄撲宜章、乳源，飭總兵孫應照往剿。予廣西殉難巡檢馮元吉世職，建祠，其子澍溥附祀。甲午，南河豐北三堡河決。庚子，定考試軍機章京例。壬寅，賽尚阿奏新墟賊翻山竄出，陷永安州。詔切責之，下部議處。己酉，命河北鎮總兵董光甲、鄖陽鎮總兵邵鶴齡馳赴廣西剿賊。庚戌，常大淳奏盜船在石浦肆劫，知府羅鏞擊走之。辛亥，以舒興阿為陝甘總督。
九月庚午，賽尚阿奏巴清德、向榮託病諉卸，進兵遲延。得旨，均奪職自效。丙子，詔議河海並運漕米章程。
冬十月戊戌，敕建定海陣亡總兵葛雲飛、鄭國鴻專祠。
十一月己卯，葉名琛奏，剿辦英德賊匪淨盡。加太子少保。
十二月丁酉，賽尚阿奏，向榮進扎龍眼塘。己酉，陸建瀛奏，海盜布興有繳械投誠，撥營安插。庚戌，祫祭太廟。
是歲，普免道光三十年以前民欠錢糧。又免直隸六十一州縣民欠旗租，浙江五十一州縣帶徵銀米。又免奉天十五廳州縣，吉林四城，黑龍江一城，湖南七廳州縣災賦。又免浙江、福建鹽場欠課。又免廣西被賊八十六州縣額賦。朝鮮、琉球入貢。
二年壬子春正月壬子朔，封奕劻貝子，奉慶親王永璘祀。乙卯，以裕誠為大學士，訥爾經額協辦大學士，禧恩為戶部尚書。壬戌，賽尚阿奏，距永安州城三里安營督戰。辛未，命侍郎全慶、副都統隆慶冊封朝鮮國王妃。
二月丁亥，陳慶偕病免，以李僡為山東巡撫。辛丑，上詣西陵。
三月壬子，大葬宣宗成皇帝於慕陵。丁巳，上還京，恭奉宣宗成皇帝，孝穆、孝慎、孝全三皇后神牌升祔太廟，頒詔覃恩。庚申，鄒鳴鶴奏永安踞匪全數東竄，烏蘭泰追賊不利，總兵長瑞、長壽、董光甲、邵鶴齡均死之。得旨，賽尚阿等下部議處，敕程矞采派兵在湖南防堵，恤長瑞等四總兵世職，建祠。廣州副都統烏蘭泰卒于軍，贈都統，照陣亡例賜恤。丙子，恤廣西死事副將阿爾精阿等世職。庚辰，內閣學士勝保疏言：「游觀之所，煥然一新。小民竊議，有累主德。」上優容之。
夏四月壬午，常雩，祀天於圜丘，恭奉宣宗成皇帝配享。甲申，府尹王慶雲疏陳河東鹽務，永禁簽商，可募鉅款。下部議行。丙戌，上謁慕陵，行釋服禮。命徐廣縉為欽差大臣，接辦廣西軍務。辛卯，程矞采奏郴州匪徒劉代偉作亂，參將積拉明捕誅之。癸巳，常大淳奏，鹽梟拒捕，戕斃副將張蕙、知縣德成，經提督善祿、知府畢承昭派兵攻擊，斬擒百餘，餘匪逃散。予張蕙、德成世職。太僕寺少卿徐繼畬疏陳釋服之後，宜防三漸：一、土木之漸，一、宴安之漸，一、壅蔽之漸。得旨：「置諸座右，時時省覽。」己亥，減乾隆朝所增名糧兵六萬六千餘名。庚子，程矞采奏，洪秀全撲全州，進撲永州，分股竄永福、義寧，檄提督鮑起豹、劉長清分御之，並咨照賽尚阿一同堵御。辛丑，特登額免，以桂良為兵部尚書。乙巳，賜章鋆等二百三十九人進士及第出身有差。琦善遣戍吉林。丙午，鄒鳴鶴以留兵守城，不令追賊，奪職。以勞崇光為廣西巡撫。己酉，命截留漕米六十萬石，分運江蘇、山東備賑。
五月辛亥，布彥泰奏，庫存回布四十萬匹，請變通折征，允之。甲寅，夏至，祭地於方澤，恭奉宣宗成皇帝配享。庚申，賊陷湖南道州。賽尚阿留守桂林，檄江忠源、張國樑移兵湖南。
六月甲申，查辦山東賑務。杜受田、怡良疏言漕船入東，先行起卸，以資散放。丙戌，命賽尚阿赴湖南督辦軍務，徐廣縉接辦廣西軍務。丁亥，策立皇后鈕祜祿氏。癸巳，僧格林沁奏劾御前大臣鄭親王端華修改大考侍講學士保清試卷，阻止不聽，驕矜亢愎，難與共事。詔端華退出御前大臣，保清褫職。戊戌，以慧成為河東河道總督。
秋七月己未，廣東羅鏡凌十八股匪剿平，上嘉獎之。烏什辦事大臣春熙奏，回匪鐵完庫里霍卓竄擾烏什，官兵擊退。詔參贊詳查以聞。甲子，詔軍務未竣，需材孔亟，其有知兵之人，所在保舉錄用。詔直省修整城垣。丙寅，協辦大學士杜受田卒。丁卯，羅繞典奏，行抵長沙，聞知賊由道州竄出江華、永明、桂陽、嘉禾，誠恐衡郡有失，省垣亦應預防。得旨，即妥籌辦理。戊辰，給事中袁甲三劾定郡王載銓、尚書恆春、侍郎書元，迭查有跡，各予譴責，其題詠載銓息肩圖各員，並下部議處。庚午，奕山、布彥泰奏，回匪倭里罕糾約布魯特突入卡倫，官兵擊卻之。壬申，洪秀全攻陷郴州。甲戌，常大淳奏岳州宜籌防堵，詔徐廣縉撥兵前往。以麟魁為刑部尚書。
八月己卯朔，向榮以稱病規避奪職，遣戍新疆，尋留軍自效。以福興為廣西提督。癸未，初舉經筵。甲申，詔湖廣督撫：「湖南之洞庭湖、湖北之大江，均有捕魚小船及經商大船數千百隻，亟宜收集，免為賊用。其各船水手習於風濤，堪充水勇，其即留心招集。」己丑，羅繞典、駱秉章奏，賊匪陷安仁、攸縣，進圖省城。敕賽尚阿速解省圍。庚寅，命廷臣會籌軍儲。調常大淳為山西巡撫，以羅繞典為湖北巡撫，張芾署江西巡撫。甲辰，命暫免四川、江西商販運往湖北米稅。調福建、浙江兵一千名赴江西防堵。
九月己酉，詔賽尚阿視師無功，貽誤封疆，褫職逮問，籍其家。辛亥，以載銓為步軍統領，以訥爾經額為大學士，禧恩協辦大學士。甲寅，獲西寧番賊阿里克公住，斬之。命駱秉章暫留湖南會辦。戊午，上謁東陵。恤湖南陣亡總兵福誠等世職。己未，常大淳奏賊將北竄，防禦兵單。命徐廣縉撥兵赴岳州助防。丁卯，上還京。
冬十月辛巳，上臨贈大學士杜受田第賜奠，加其父杜堮禮部尚書銜。甲申，黃宗漢奏請浙江新漕改由海運，從之。壬辰，季芝昌免，以吳文鎔為閩浙總督。
十一月丁未朔，日有食之。丁巳，賊陷岳州。戊午，起琦善署河南巡撫。辛酉，詔徐廣縉分兵防守武昌、漢陽、荊州，陸建瀛、蔣文慶各就地勢扼要嚴防。癸亥，以賊近湖北，敕琦善嚴防河南邊境，詔張芾嚴防沿江要隘。甲子，以文慶為戶部尚書。癸酉，賊陷漢陽，命陸建瀛馳赴上游防堵。乙亥，復向榮提督銜。詔在籍侍郎曾國籓督辦團練。調福珠洪阿為江南提督。
十二月丁丑，敕各省紳士在籍辦理團練。命四品京堂勝保從軍河南。癸巳，賊陷武昌，巡撫常大淳死之。上切責督軍大臣不籌全局，擁兵自衛，逮徐廣縉治罪。以向榮為欽差大臣，督辦軍務，張亮基署湖廣總督。以葉名琛為兩廣總督，柏貴為廣東巡撫。癸卯，向榮奏賊連陷武、漢，搭有浮橋，必須多備砲船，將橋焚毀，方可進剿。得旨：「刑部郎中盧應翔所帶砲船，曾在長沙擊賊，即迅赴軍前。」甲辰，吉林、黑龍江徵兵到京。得旨：「每起間二日起行，帶兵官嚴守紀律，不得多索車輛，騷擾驛站。」祫祭太廟。
是歲，免直隸四十二州縣、山西一府災賦，浙江四十八州縣緩徵銀米各有差。朝鮮、暹羅入貢。
三年癸丑春正月丁未，調青州副都統常青兵移防豫、楚。戊申，張亮基奏，賊目蕭朝貴實在長沙城外轟斃，起獲屍身，驗明梟剉。己酉，蔣文慶奏城薄兵單，移調東西梁山兵勇來城防禦。癸丑，向榮奏，武昌踞賊抬砲上船，意欲逃竄。陸應穀奏，偵得賊匪開年有東竄安慶、江寧之信。敕向榮多方偵備，迎擊兜剿。甲寅，敕步軍統領、前鋒統領整備軍實，盤詰姦宄。甲子，賊陷九江，陸建瀛退守江寧。賽尚阿論斬，革其子崇綺等官職。丁卯，命工部左侍郎呂賢基回安徽辦防，加周天爵侍郎銜，會辦防務。壬申，陸建瀛褫職逮問，以祥厚為欽差大臣。癸酉，以山西、陝西、四川三省紳民捐輸軍饟，加鄉試中額、生員學額。甲戌，賊陷安慶，蔣文慶死之，命周天爵署安徽巡撫。予江西陣亡總兵恩長世職。
二月丙子朔，詔：「京師八旗營兵十五萬之多，該管大臣勤加訓練。」贈恤湖北殉難學政馮培元加侍郎，諡文介，布政使梁星源諡敏肅，按察使瑞元諡端節，及知府以下官各予世職、建專祠，提督雙福、總兵官王錦繡附常大淳祠。丁丑，釋奠先師孔子。遣少卿雷以諴、侍講學士晉康往南河，少詹事王履謙赴東河，會辦防務。癸未，上臨雍講學，加衍聖公孔繁灝太子太保。丁亥，敕文臣三品以上養廉以四成、武臣二品以上以二成充軍饟。戶部請辦商捐、戶輸，上不許。壬辰，賊陷江寧，將軍祥厚、提督福珠洪阿等死之。以怡良為兩江總督，命慧成馳赴江南防剿。調托明阿為江寧將軍，文斌為綏遠城將軍，瑞昌為杭州將軍，鄧紹良為江南提督。丙申，命琦善會防淮揚。敕湖北行鹽暫用川鹽二千引。敕李僡查拿山東兗、沂、曹三府捻匪。命內閣學士勝保幫辦江北防務。
三月乙巳，賊陷鎮江、揚州。丙午，孝和睿皇后升祔太廟。辛亥，上耕耤田。壬子，命湖北按察使江忠源幫辦江南軍務。丙辰，敕侍郎奕經統密雲兵赴山東會防。丁巳，敕各省團練格殺土匪勿論。以駱秉章復為湖南巡撫。敕江寧布政使陳啟邁在徐州設立糧台。庚申，向榮擊賊於江寧，敗之。以施得高為福建水師提督。壬戌，以廬州為安徽省會。周天爵剿賊妥速，琦善進攻連獲勝仗，均嘉賚之。敕直隸、奉天備防海口。丙寅，向榮奏迭勝城賊，進據鍾山。上優獎之。命奕經、托明阿赴清江防剿。命瑞昌統盛京兵赴淮、徐會防，恩華統吉林兵駐防直隸。辛未，敕廣東招募紅單船，遴將帶赴江南剿賊。以福濟為漕運總督。
夏四月庚辰，日見黑暈。己丑，賊陷浦口、滁州。甲午，命琦善統制江北諸軍。逮治楊文定。庫倫喀爾喀蒙古哲布尊丹巴喇嘛進馬三千匹，及西林盟長進馬，均溫諭止之。己亥，賜孫如僅等二百二十二人進士及第出身有差。癸卯，賊陷鳳陽。安徽捻匪竄擾蒙城。
五月戊申，始制銀鈔。壬子，王懿德奏海澄會匪陷同安、安谿、廈門，嚴飭之。周天爵奏收復鳳陽。癸丑，李嘉端奏金陵賊船上竄。得旨，此與向榮疏報不同，令確切查探。駱秉章奏，江西上猶縣匪首劉洪義聚眾在桂東滋擾，毗連廣東、湖南。得旨，三省會剿。丙辰，陸應穀奏亳州失守，賊撲汴梁。敕江忠源馳赴河南剿賊。王懿德奏漳州鎮、道被賊戕害，永安、沙縣先後失守。丁巳，命勝保統兵馳赴河南。戊午，釋賽尚阿、徐廣縉於獄，從軍自效，楊殿邦、但明倫均留清江浦辦防。周天爵奏鳳陽逸匪竄擾而西，即日赴援。得旨：「周天爵素稱勇敢，所保臧紆青練勇可當一面，獨不能與賊決一死戰耶？」陸應穀、恩華奏竄賊由曹河搶渡，犯及山東。得旨，調陝西兵應援，仍令固守潼關門戶。賊陷歸德。己未，賊復陷安慶。詔江忠源防守九江。徵蒙古兵及其所進馬五千匹集於熱河。壬戌，詔以賊匪北竄，勸諭北地紳民練團自衛，如能殺賊出力，並與論功。命僧格林沁、花紗納、達洪阿、穆廕督辦京城巡防。癸亥，以許乃普為刑部尚書，翁心存為工部尚書。甲子，以河南兵民固守省城，優詔嘉勉。丁卯，命訥爾經額防守河北。桂良赴保定辦理防守。己巳，開封解嚴，賊南竄中牟、硃仙鎮，敕托明阿等追之。辛未，始鑄當十大錢。
六月乙亥，福建紳商克復漳州，優詔嘉之，查明給獎。戊寅，河南賊犯汜水，分股渡河陷溫縣。托明阿擊之，復汜水。己卯，金陵賊船上陷南康，進圍南昌。辛巳，溫縣紳勇敗賊，復其城，復會官軍敗賊於武陟。命納爾經額為欽差大臣，督辦河南、河北軍務，恩華、托明阿副之。黃河再決豐北。甲申，雲南東川回匪作亂。福建台灣土匪作亂。戊子，美國使人求入覲，詔止之。河南賊圍懷慶。官軍解許州圍，賊走羅山。福建官軍收復永安、沙縣。托明阿等敗賊於懷慶。乙未，鎮江官軍失利，奪提督鄧紹良職，以和春署江南提督。戊戌，優恤揚州攻城傷亡總兵雙來世職銀兩。廣西全州土匪作亂。
秋七月甲辰朔，廣西土匪陷興安、靈川，分撲桂林，官軍敗之，復靈川、興安。丙午，敕慧成回清江浦防剿。丁未，命勝保幫辦河南軍務。丙辰，敕東南河臣收撤渡船，防賊偷渡。恤江西陣亡總兵馬濟美世職。丁巳，詔江西、湖廣新漕折價解京。辛酉，賊竄湖北、安徽。敕怡良於上海設關收稅。癸亥，恤提督福珠洪阿世職。甲子，詔紳士辦團御賊捐軀者，一體恩恤。乙丑，福建官軍復尤谿。
八月丙子，官軍解懷慶圍，賊竄山西。戊寅，調吳文鎔為湖廣總督，裕瑞為四川總督，樂斌為成都將軍。庚辰，賊陷垣曲。癸未，李僡卒，以張亮基為山東巡撫，駱秉章授湖南巡撫。甲申，江西賊陷饒州郡城，吉安土匪遙應之。丙戌，賊陷絳縣、曲沃，進圍平陽。哈芬免，以恆春為山西巡撫。庚寅，賊陷平陽，勝保兵至，敗之，復平陽。賊由洪洞東竄。癸巳，命勝保為欽差大臣，賜神雀刀，恩華、托明阿副之。丁酉，托明阿敗賊於陳留。
九月癸卯朔，再敗之潞城、黎城，賊竄直隸，入臨洺關。奪訥爾經額職逮問，以桂良為直隸總督。丙午，賊陷柏鄉。江西南昌圍解，賊復竄踞安慶。丁未，調魁麟為禮部尚書，花沙納為工部尚書，以勝保為漢軍都統。江蘇土匪陷青浦、寶山，官軍復之。戊申，命截留漕糧備山東災賑。以軍務方急，緩修豐北河工。辛亥，命惠親王為奉命大將軍，賜銳捷刀，科爾沁郡王僧格林沁為參贊大臣，賜訥庫尼素刀，恭親王奕訢、定郡王載銓、內大臣壁昌會辦巡防。乙卯，賊由趙卅，城陷深卅。命於河間、涿卅、通州設防。辛酉，李嘉端罷，以江忠源為安徽巡撫。甲子，僧格林沁復深州。丙寅，陸應穀罷，以英桂為河南巡撫。己巳，周天爵卒于軍。辛未，賊陷獻縣、交河、滄州，進撲天津，知縣謝子澄督帶練勇迎擊，死之，所部敗賊三十里。特贈謝子澄布政使，並建祠，優獎練勇。警聞，京師戒嚴，僧格林沁駐軍於武清。
冬十月甲戌，命曾國籓督帶練勇赴湖北剿賊。丙子，賊陷黃州，漢黃德道徐豐玉死之，連陷漢陽，進圍武昌。丁丑，賊踞獨流鎮，勝保督軍至，連擊敗之。戊寅，命恭親王奕訢在軍機處行走，解麟魁軍機大臣，以瑞麟、穆廕為軍機大臣。乙卯，加給事中袁甲三三品卿銜，剿辦安徽捻匪。壬辰，武昌解嚴，江忠源赴皖。命署臬司唐樹義江面剿賊。癸巳，賊陷桐城。戊戌，豫征山西、陝西、四川三省糧賦，尋止之。
十一月壬寅朔，以王慶雲為陝西巡撫。丙午，福建官軍克復廈門。安徽賊陷舒城，辦團大臣侍郎呂賢基死之。庚戌，賊陷儀徵。癸丑，命侍郎曾國籓督帶水師剿賊安徽。丁卯，勝保剿賊獨流，不利，陣歿副都統佟鑒，贈將軍賜恤。
十二月甲戌，揚州賊潰圍出，官軍復其城，琦善、慧成等均褫職從軍。乙亥，詔以黃州賊〓宗麕集，飭吳文鎔出省剿賊。戊子，琦善復儀徵。己丑，賊陷廬州，江忠源死之。以福濟為安徽巡撫，邵燦為漕運總督。丙申，以侍郎杜翰為軍機大臣。翁心存罷，以趙光為工部尚書。己亥，祫祭太廟。
是歲，免奉天、直隸、山東、山西、浙江、湖北、湖南、廣西、雲南、甘肅等省三百四十四廳州縣衛災賦。又免甘肅中衛地震銀糧、草束各有差。朝鮮、琉球、暹羅、越南、緬甸、南掌入貢。
四年甲寅春正月辛丑朔，蒙古各盟長親王、郡王迭次報效軍需銀兩，溫旨嘉獎，均卻還之。乙巳，撥內庫銀三十萬兩解赴勝保軍營。庚戌，官軍克獨流鎮，踞匪回竄。壬子，張芾罷，以陳啟邁為江西巡撫。王履謙疏陳河南吏治廢弛，軍需浮冒，河工糜費。下英桂查覆。丙辰，浙江海運漕米改由劉河口放洋，命江蘇派員設局。己未，命福濟經理淮北鹽務。以王懿德為閩浙總督，呂佺孫為福建巡撫。辛酉，袁甲三疏請事關籌饟，由軍機處徑交所司，勿發內閣，從之。乙丑，命廣東購辦夷砲運赴武昌。丙寅，賊踞束城村，嚴詔僧格林沁、勝保迅速剿擒。丁卯，湖北進攻黃州兵潰，總督吳文鎔，署按察使、前布政使唐樹義死之。戶部議覆四川學政何紹基捐廉疏上違式用駢文，上責祁俊藻曰：「當閱何紹基疏時，卿亦議其迂拘，何為尤而效之？大學士管部，乃不能動司官稿一字乎！」賊竄獻縣東城庄，僧格林沁、勝保合軍擊之。賊竄陷阜城，分股竄山東。己巳，江蘇六合縣紳團力保危城，詔嘉之，免一年錢糧。
二月丁丑，上御經筵。己卯，許乃普罷直南書房，降內閣學士。以硃鳳標為刑部尚書，周祖培為左都御史。起翁心存為吏部左侍郎。辛巳，以台涌為湖廣總督。壬午，曾國籓奏統帶水陸師萬七千人，自衡州起程馳赴湖北。癸巳，奕興罷，以英隆為盛京將軍。曾國籓疏請前巡撫楊健之孫楊江捐銀二萬兩，准楊健入祀鄉賢祠。得旨：「楊健系休致之員，鄉賢鉅典，非可以捐納得之。曾國籓不應遽為陳請，下部議處。」軍興以來，饟空事棘，而帝於名器猶慎之如此。予殉難安徽布政使劉裕珍世職，諡勤壯。癸未，前協辦大學士湯金釗、兵部尚書特登額重宴鹿鳴，加宮銜，賜御書匾額。丙戌，張亮基奏獲戕害大員之賊目王小涌，摘心遙祭。得旨，即傳知佟鑒、謝子澄家屬告祭。命托明阿幫辦僧格林沁軍務。癸巳，以青麟為湖北巡撫，崇綸丁憂，仍同守城。戊戌，張亮基奏捻賊渡河由豐縣竄入單縣，官兵迎擊獲勝，復陷金鄉。
三月庚子朔，張亮基奏賊陷鉅野、鄆城。辛丑，命載齡帶兵一千駐防河間，桂齡、台祿帶馬步兵千五百駐防德州。駱秉章奏賊陷岳州，曾國籓回省防堵，留候補道胡林翼楚南剿賊。壬寅，賊陷陽穀，知縣文穎蒞任五日，死之，優恤建祠。甲辰，賊由陽穀、冠縣竄至清河之小灘，又分竄至臨清之李官莊。乙巳，命勝保迎擊山東竄賊，布政使崇恩奏帶兵扼守臨清州。辛亥，上耕耤田。丁巳，賊陷臨清。越十日，官軍復之，潰匪南竄，勝保追擊。曾國籓奏剿賊岳州失利，回守長沙。下部議處。
夏四月庚辰，順承郡王春山薨。阜城賊竄連鎮，僧格林沁追擊圍之。壬午，勝保奏馬隊追剿臨清潰匪，全數殄滅。得旨嘉獎，加太子少保，德勒克色楞、善祿黃馬褂。己丑，予告大學士潘世恩卒。內大臣壁昌卒。辛卯，鮑起豹罷，以塔齊布署湖南提督，曾國籓奪職剿賊。曾國籓克復湘潭，塔齊布、彭玉麟、楊載福剿賊大勝，靖港賊退。
五月己亥朔，葛雲飛祠成，賜御書匾額。廓爾喀國王表請出兵剿賊。溫詔止之。辛丑，孫瑞珍免，以硃鳳標為戶部尚書，趙光為刑部尚書，彭蘊章為工部尚書。副都統綿洵追賊於豐縣，敗之，賜巴圖魯勇號。乙巳，連鎮賊首李開方竄陷高唐州，勝保督兵追之。壬申，上祈雨大高殿。丁巳，祈雨天神壇。庚申，荊州將軍官文奏官軍收復監利縣、宜昌府城。敕塔齊布統軍赴湖北剿賊。前湖北巡撫崇綸以託病奪職。壬戌，雨。癸亥，和春、福濟奏收復安徽六安州城。
六月戊辰朔，賜臨清、冠縣被賊難民一月口糧。江西賊竄湖北德安。庚辰，許乃釗免，以吉爾杭阿為江蘇巡撫。詔曰：「中國海口，除通商五口外，夷船向不駛入。近日乃有闌入金陵、鎮江之事，意欲何為？葉名琛即向各國夷酋正言阻止。」辛巳，詔直省團練殺賊者，建立總坊，入祀忠義祠，婦女遇難捐軀者，入祀節孝祠。癸未，賊陷武昌。台涌罷，以楊霈為湖北巡撫，署總督。命曾國籓由岳州進剿，英桂赴信陽防堵。副都統達洪阿卒于軍，贈都統。辛卯，敕葉名琛剿捕廣東會匪盜船。鑄鐵錢、鉛錢。
秋七月辛丑，湖北賊陷岳州，連陷常德。壬子，詔：「青麟棄城逃走，遠赴長沙，飭官文傳旨正法。」副都統特爾清額卒于軍。庚申，湖南水師克復岳州，予革職侍郎曾國籓三品銜。命道員胡林翼攻剿常德。壬戌，楊霈奏克復沔陽，賊陷安陸。
閏七月戊辰，湖北官軍克復安陸。丁丑，欽差大臣琦善卒于軍，以托明阿為欽差大臣，督辦揚州軍務。庚辰，楊霈奏克復京山、孝感、天門、黃陂、麻城等城。向榮奏官軍收復高淳。丙申，和春奏克復太平。
八月庚子，官文奏連復嘉魚、蒲圻。癸卯，廣東土匪陷肇慶，調湖南、福建兵剿之。甲寅，湖南官軍由城陵磯進攻通城。癸亥，英、美二國兵船抵天津海口，命桂良蒞事。
九月辛未，湖北、湖南官軍攻克武昌、漢陽。授楊霈湖廣總督，曾國籓以二品銜署湖北巡撫，塔齊布賜黃馬褂，李孟群、羅澤南、李續賓並升敘有差。殉難布政使岳興、署按察使李卿穀均予諡建祠。壬午，湖北官軍克復黃州。命曾國籓以兵部侍郎銜會塔齊布督軍東下。甲申，裕瑞罷，以黃宗漢為四川總督，何桂清為浙江巡撫。戊子，安徽官軍收復廬江。乙未，魏元烺卒，以翁心存為兵部尚書。
冬十月丙辰，以花沙納為吏部尚書，全慶為工部尚書，領國子監。調文慶為滿洲都統，奕興為漢軍都統，奕山為內大臣。丁巳，曾國籓奏水陸軍攻半壁山賊，斃賊萬餘。戊午，以扎拉芬泰為伊犁將軍。甲子，曾國籓等奏攻克田家鎮，予楊載福、彭玉麟升敘。湖北軍收復蘄州。
十一月丁丑，上詣大高殿祈雪。庚辰，楊霈奏克復廣濟、黃梅。戊子，羅繞典卒，以恆春為雲貴總督，王慶雲為山西巡撫，吳振棫為陝西巡撫。綏遠城將軍善祿卒于軍。庚寅，大學士、軍機大臣祁俊藻致仕。以賈楨為大學士，翁心存為吏部尚書，周祖培為兵部尚書，許乃普為左都御史。癸巳，湖北賊陷安徽英山。安慶賊竄九江、湖口，及於吳城。
十二月乙未，曾國籓奏攻克小池口，上嘉獎之，賜狐腿黃馬褂。戊戌，和春奏克復英山。以克復英、霍兩縣均資民力，免三年漕糧。辛丑，袁甲三奏舉人臧紆青進攻桐城，力竭陣亡，贈三品銜，予世職。乙卯，封奕紀之子載中貝勒，嗣隱志郡王，改名載治。貴州官兵擊賊，敗之，解興義城圍。辛酉，安徽官軍克復含山。僧格林沁奏攻毀西連鎮賊巢。癸亥，祫祭太廟。
是歲，免河南、山東、山西、福建、湖南、廣西等省一百二十九州縣，又廣西土州縣十二災賦有差。朝鮮、琉球入貢。
五年乙卯春正月己巳，四川官軍克復貴州桐梓。壬申，貴州官軍剿匪雷台山，擒匪首陳良模。甲戌，以江、浙漕米不敷京倉支放，命怡良開辦米捐解京。戊寅，吉爾杭阿奏克復上海縣城。詔嘉獎之。辛巳，湖北賊由黃梅回竄漢口，楊霈退守德安，奪職，仍留任。癸未，江西官軍克復武寧。乙酉，僧格林沁奏攻克連鎮，首逆林鳳祥就擒。封僧格林沁親王，移軍山東，攻剿高唐踞匪。欽差大臣勝保師久無功，褫職逮問。丙戌，浙江樂清土匪滋事，剿平之。敘連鎮功，西凌阿、瑞麟、慶祺、綿洵、拉木棍布扎布、棍楚克林沁各予優賚。
二月甲午朔，王懿德奏夷商來閩販茶，租賃民房久居，藉收茶稅，從之。以法將剌尼樂助攻上海，賚綢四端、銀一萬兩，從吉爾杭阿請也。己亥，上御經筵。僧格林沁奏克復高唐州，餘匪竄入馮官屯。辛丑，福建匪徒作亂，剿平之。戊午，鄂賊北竄，敕僧格林沁調撥馬步兵三四千赴河南助防。
三月甲子，廣東官軍復海豐。皖賊陷徽州。乙丑，上謁西陵。賊陷武昌，巡撫陶恩培死之，以胡林翼署湖北巡撫。辛未，上還京。辛卯，貴州匪首楊鳳捕誅，餘匪平。
夏四月乙未，安徽官軍收復婺源。以額駙景壽為御前大臣。丁未，江西賊陷廣信。庚戌，僧格林沁等奏攻克馮官屯賊巢，擒獲首逆李開芳，餘匪盡殲。得旨：欣慰，僧格林沁即以親王世襲，許乘肩輿，德勒克色楞加貝勒銜，餘各升敘。江西官軍復弋陽。浙江賊陷開化。己未，西安將軍扎拉芬在湖北剿賊陣亡，優恤之。褫楊霈職，以官文為湖廣總督，綿洵為荊州將軍，瑞麟為西安將軍。以西凌阿為欽差大臣，赴湖北剿賊。庚申，江西官軍復饒州、廣信及興安。辛酉，廣東官軍剿匪獲勝，水陸股匪悉平。
五月丙寅，恤福建陣亡知縣高鴻飛，入祀京師昭忠祠，並於台灣建祠。丁卯，向榮奏剿賊三山，勝之。戊辰，廣東官軍復河源等縣，殲賊於三水。辛未，上御乾清門，奉命大將軍惠親王綿愉、參贊大臣親王僧格林沁恭繳大將軍印、參贊關防。壬申，詔曰：「興辦團練，原以保衛鄉閭。而河南迭有抗糧、抗官之事。似此相率效尤，流弊甚大。各督撫其尚加意整頓，勿令日久釀患。」是時，山東已有黑團之害，尚未上聞。其後卒以兵力平之。乙亥，以柏葰為熱河都統。戊寅，楊霈軍復隨州。癸未，河南軍收復光山。丁亥，胡林翼奏分督水陸各軍力攻武、漢，四戰四勝。得旨，迅圖克復。詔曰：「朕聞雲南回民易滋事端，屢有聚眾抗糧之事。恆春、舒興阿務將首要各犯懲處，勿令日久蔓延。」以李鈞為東河河道總督。
六月乙未，江西賊陷義寧。丁酉，提督鄧紹良克復休寧。乙巳，廣東官軍收復封川，殲賊於虎門洋面。丙辰，河南蘭陽河溢。己未，敕安徽徽寧池廣道照台灣道專摺奏事。辛酉，官文奏官軍克復雲夢、應城。
秋七月壬戌朔，尊皇貴太妃為康慈皇太后。廣東賊陷湖南郴州、宜章。癸亥，陳啟邁奪職，以文俊為江西巡撫。己巳，向榮奏克復蕪湖。庚午，皇太后崩。丁丑，西凌阿進剿德安賊匪不利，退守隨州。命都興阿自馮官屯移軍剿之。辛巳，恭親王奕訢罷直軍機，回上書房讀書。以文慶為軍機大臣。癸未，廣東官軍收復肇慶府、德慶州。甲申，山西陽城土匪滋事，剿平之。丁亥，官文奏克復漢川。
八月辛卯朔，胡林翼督軍攻克漢鎮，進圍漢陽。甲午，英桂奏邱聯恩擒獲捻首易添富、王黨等誅之。己亥，湖南提督塔齊布卒于軍，贈將軍。庚子，上大行皇太后尊諡曰孝靜康慈皇后。喀什噶爾回匪入卡，倭什琿布派兵逐出之。戊申，廣東官軍連復連州、三江、連山，解永安城圍。
九月甲子，大學士卓秉恬卒。乙丑，以劉鉦為漢軍都統。庚午，命文慶、葉名琛協辦大學士。癸酉，發內帑十萬兩續賑直隸、山東災民。壬午，四川馬邊廳夷匪滋事，官軍剿平之。癸未，捻首張洛行由歸德南竄，命提督武隆額剿之。乙酉，命官文為欽差大臣，督辦湖北軍務。浙軍克復安徽休寧、石埭。戊子，調鄧紹良為固原提督。
冬十月丁酉，和春、福濟奏克復廬州府城。得旨嘉獎，賜和春黃馬褂，福濟太子少保，免合肥三年額賦。辛丑，貴州苗匪陷都江。壬寅，官文奏克復德安。戊申，石達開回竄湖北，胡林翼堵剿之。壬子，永免河南攤徵河工加價銀四十萬兩。
十一月甲子，胡林翼奏，羅澤南、李續賓迎擊石達開、韋俊於羊樓峒，敗之；請購洋砲擊賊。敕葉名琛採購洋砲六百尊，由湖南水運湖北應用。辛未，廓爾喀夷人占踞後藏濟嚨。德興卒，調麟魁為刑部尚書，以瑞麟為禮部尚書。戊子，官文奏攻克咸寧、金口，並報江西賊陷義寧，檄飭羅澤南回剿。得旨：「羅澤南正在攻剿，武漢契緊，不可回剿。」詔令曾國籓等遣周汝筠前赴崇、通，為羅澤南後路援應。和春等奏捻匪李兆受竄踞英山，道員何桂珍密謀會捕，不克，死之。
十二月辛卯，上詣大高殿祈雪。丙申，江西賊陷臨江、瑞州，敕曾國籓撥兵剿之。戊戌，留江蘇漕米二十萬石濟江南軍。癸卯，廣西官軍收復興安。貴州賊徐廷傑陷鎮筸，分陷思南。乙巳，命文慶、葉名琛為大學士，桂良、彭蘊章協辦大學士，柏葰為戶部尚書，奕湘為盛京將軍，英隆為熱河都統。丙午，以鄭親王端華為滿洲都統，奕山為黑龍江將軍。命西凌阿赴河南防剿。庚戌，捻匪張洛行回竄歸德。癸丑，命英桂督剿豫、東、皖三省捻匪。景淳奏陳防夷情形，上嘉獎之。駐藏大臣赫特賀奏馳抵後藏籌御大略。得旨：「江孜、定日汛、馬布加各地，均屬中道要害，即宜扼守。噶布倫中擇其為夷情信仰者，令協同辦事，以輔兵力之不及。生擒夷人，暫留營中，令來往通信，以示羈縻。樂斌等所擬六條，下該大臣知之。」丁巳，祫祭太廟。
是歲，免直隸、山東、湖北、廣西、貴州等省二府一百五十八州縣，又廣西三十八土州縣災賦，江蘇鹽場場課各有差。朝鮮、琉球入貢。
六年丙辰春正月己未朔，惇郡王奕脤復親王。以奕山為御前大臣，貝勒載治御前行走。壬戌，楊以增卒，以庚長為江南河道總督。壬申，賊擾湖南晃州、麻陽，官軍擊走之，斬賊首何祿。乙亥，詔駱秉章檄知府劉長佑赴江西剿賊。戊寅，廣東提督昆壽剿歸善賊，平之。辛巳，提督秦定三攻克舒城。
二月壬辰，詔湖南苗弁剿匪出力，准其留營序補。戊戌，上御經筵。辛丑，順天府尹蔣琦淳疏進克己、復禮二箴，上嘉納之。丙午，英、美二國求改條約，下葉名琛知之。丁未，調吉林、黑龍江、察哈爾、綏遠城兵赴山東、河南剿賊。己酉，酌增直省文員減成養廉。壬子，命福興幫辦江南軍務。丙辰，廓爾喀請罷兵。丁巳，貴州官軍攻克銅仁。
三月己未，瓜州賊出竄運河，托明阿追剿之。奕湘免，以慶祺為盛京將軍。壬戌，湖南官軍克復永明、江華。劉長佑軍入江西，復萍鄉。江西賊陷吉安。癸亥，上耕耤田。甲子，江南賊再陷揚州，奪托明阿、雷以諴職，授德興阿欽差大臣，少詹事翁同書副之。乙丑，石達開陷瑞州，詔廣東堵剿。丁卯，釋賽尚阿、訥爾經額於戍所。乙亥，提督鄧紹良力攻揚州，克之，命幫辦德興阿軍務。賊竄江浦。丁丑，羅澤南力攻武昌，陣亡，贈巡撫，賜恤予諡。戊寅，賊陷江西建昌。命浙江學政萬青藜、布政使晏端書督辦三衢防務。庚辰，穆宗生母懿嬪那拉氏晉封懿妃。曾國籓攻賊樟樹失利，下部議處。癸未，恆春奏軍務省分督撫，請許單銜奏事，從之。丙戌，張國樑軍攻克浦口。
夏四月戊子，粵賊復陷儀徵，官軍尋復之。甲午，貴州軍復郎岱。丙申，雲南楚雄漢、回構釁。己亥，江西軍復進賢。辛丑，奉天金州地震。癸卯，安徽賊陷寧國。丙午，前協辦大學士、致仕光祿寺卿湯金釗卒，贈尚書。辛亥，賜翁同龢等二百一十六人進士及第出身有差。丙辰，德興阿奏官軍攻賊三汊河，毀其巢。
五月辛酉，以穆克德訥為廣州將軍，都興阿為江寧將軍。壬戌，湖北通城官軍失利，道員江忠濟死之。江蘇巡撫吉爾杭阿擊賊鎮江之黃泥州，不勝，死之，贈總督。以趙德轍署江蘇巡撫。甲子，江南賊撲九華山營盤，陷之。河南軍復光州。復西凌阿都統。袁甲三復三品卿。丁丑，賊陷溧水。
六月丙戌朔，金陵賊撲陷大營，官軍退守丹陽，奪向榮、福興職。戊子，以按察使徐宗幹幫辦安徽防務。命怡良雇募火輪船入江剿賊。敕河南、廣東撥兵，和春、傅振邦赴援江南。丁未，葉名琛奏英、美、法各國公使以定約十二年，請赴京重修條約。詔酌允變通，阻止來京。辛亥，永定河溢。江西賊陷饒州。
秋七月辛酉，廣東援軍連復江西上猶、雩都，解贛州城圍。王懿德呈進美國國書，得旨：「更換條約，難以准行，仍令回廣東商訂。」丁卯，命總兵張國〓梁幫辦向榮軍務。壬申，江西官軍連復南康、饒州。癸酉，欽差大臣向榮卒于軍。丙子，甘肅撒拉回匪滋事，官軍剿平之。命和春馳赴丹陽剿賊，鄭魁士接辦安徽軍務。湖北援軍克復江西新昌、上高。赫特賀奏廓爾喀與唐古忒和成，撤回戍兵。
八月戊子，黃宗漢罷，以吳振棫為四川總督，譚廷襄為陝西巡撫。癸巳，命舒興阿嚴辦回匪，舉行鄉團。癸卯，廣西官軍復上思州、貴縣。丁未，貴州賊陷都勻、施秉，進陷古州。戊申，安徽官軍攻克三河。己酉，江西會匪攻陷廣昌、南豐、新昌、瀘溪。
九月乙卯朔，日有食之。戊午，京師米貴，開五城飯廠，並撥倉穀制錢賑固安六州縣飢民。己巳，雲南土匪陷浪穹。庚午，江南官軍攻高淳，克之。癸酉，安徽官軍復無為州。丁丑，文慶等疏進孟保繙譯大學衍義，命校刊頒行。壬午，西寧黑番族滋事，提督索文剿平之。易棠病免，以樂斌為陝甘總督，有鳳為成都將軍，東純為福州將軍。
冬十月丙戌，貴州賊陷台拱、黃平。庚寅，官文剿襄陽匪徒，平之。甲午，命英桂、秦定三會剿渦河、蒙城捻匪。丁酉，安徽官軍克復和州。雲南大理回匪戕官踞城。壬寅，襄樊賊犯鄧州。河南賊由夏邑趨擾徐州。甲辰，浙江官軍再復休寧。予前巡撫張芾三品卿。丁未，廣西右江鎮標兵變，勞崇光討平之。壬子，何桂清奏浙軍進克黟縣，徽州肅清。邵燦奏官軍擊退捻匪，徐州解圍。以常清為伊犁將軍。
十一月乙卯朔，宣宗實錄成。以彭蘊章為大學士，翁心存協辦大學士，許乃普為工部尚書，硃嶟為左都御史。辛酉，雲南官軍克復姚州。乙丑，升文昌入中祀。命鄭魁士移軍會英桂剿捻匪，秦定三會福濟剿皖匪。丙寅，命勝保赴安徽軍營。辛未，大學士文慶卒。英人在廣東以查船構釁，放砲攻城。紳團憤擊之，殲數百人。敕葉名琛相機辦理。壬申，命柏葰為軍機大臣。乙亥，江西賊陷撫州。戊寅，楚軍道員劉長佑連復江西袁州、分宜，加按察使銜，予其父母三品封典，予巡撫駱秉章花翎。英桂奏攻破雉河集賊巢。庚辰，上臨大學士文慶第賜奠。壬午，胡林翼克復武昌，癸未，官文克復漢陽，均得旨嘉獎。貴州軍攻克都勻。
十二月乙酉，湖北官軍攻克老河口。丙戌，上祈雪。戊子，以肅親王華豐為內大臣。己丑，詔曰：「湖北累為賊踞，小民兵燹餘生，瘡痍可念。現在武、漢既復，亟宜援救民瘼。錢糧分別蠲緩，災黎作何撫恤，其速籌議以聞。」湖北官軍連復武昌縣、黃州府城。甲午，胡林翼奏陳湖北兵政吏治。得旨：「既能確有所見，即當實力舉行。」丙申，官文奏剿辦隨州土匪，匪首就擒。續報官軍連復興國、大冶、蘄水、蘄州、廣濟。辛丑，皖、浙官軍克復寧國，賜何桂清花翎。癸卯，以湖南官軍剿除湖北崇、通賊匪，加候選道王珍按察使銜。甲辰，官文奏官軍在九江焚毀賊船。詔曾國籓激厲將士，由湖出江，以便合剿。戊申，山東官軍剿斃捻首王方雲。湖北官軍克復黃梅。己酉，命桂良為大學士，柏葰協辦大學士。以譚廷襄為直隸總督，曾望顏為陝西巡撫。壬子，祫祭太廟。
是歲，免直隸、江蘇、山東、山西、河南、湖南、貴州等省一百六十五州縣被災、被賊額賦，又免江蘇六場鹽課各有差。朝鮮入貢。
七年丁巳春正月庚午，怡良奏傅振邦克復高淳，張國樑進取句容。何桂清奏浙省援剿，內防本境，外保鄰封。得旨嘉獎。調全慶為兵部尚書，文彩為工部尚書，肅順為左都御史。廣西太平府土匪平。丙子，召西凌阿、崇安回京。加勝保副都統銜，幫辦剿匪事宜。王履謙回籍，命李鈞接辦河防。己卯，葉名琛奏防剿英夷獲勝。得旨：「控制外夷，非內地可比。定海前事，可取為鑒。其務操縱得宜，勿貽後悔，朕不為遙制也。下蘇、直、閩、浙各督撫知之。」
二月乙酉，曾國籓奏克復建昌。丙戌，上御經筵。辛卯，湖北官軍收復宜昌。甲午，雲南賓川回匪作亂。甲辰，湖北賊陷遠安、荊門，官軍擊走之。丁未，安徽賊匪上犯黃梅，都興阿擊敗之。安徽匪陷六安。壬子，英桂、勝保奏剿辦捻匪，奪回烏龍集，進規固始。
三月癸巳朔，曾國籓丁父憂，給假治喪，命楊載福暫統水軍，彭玉麟副之。丙辰，湖北官軍唐訓方、巴揚阿剿南彰匪徒，敗之，賊首劉尚義降。貴州提督孝順兵潰於都勻，死之。己未，襄樊賊陷河南內鄉，官軍擊復之。詔怡良「密查張國樑是否與和春意見不合。軍中統帥，全在能得人心，倘駕馭無方，使健將不肯出力，貽誤非輕」。癸亥，上耕耤田。丁卯，以耆齡為江西巡撫。庚午，敘克復武、漢功，協領多隆阿以副都統用。辛未，恆春奏回匪滋擾，將領乏員，請調鄖陽鎮總兵王國材來滇協剿，從之。壬申，江西官軍攻景德鎮，不利，都司畢金科戰歿，劉長佑復敗於新喻。辛巳，廣西橫州土匪滋事，廣東官軍剿平之。葉名琛奏英船退出省河。得旨：「總宜弭此釁端，不可使生邊患。」
夏四月甲申，恆春奏迤西回匪降。德勒克多爾濟奏俄國請遣使來京，詔止之。丁亥，江西賊竄福建，陷邵武、光澤。癸巳，怡良以病免，命何桂清為兩江總督。乙未，貴州賊陷永從。丁酉，湖南援軍劉長佑攻克江西新喻。
五月丙辰，薩迎阿卒，以劉鉦署西安將軍。湖北官軍克復江西奉新、靖安、安義。癸亥，李孟群奏赴援廬州，克復英山。福建賊陷汀州。丙子，德勒克多爾濟奏俄使由天津來京，敕譚廷襄羈縻之。
閏五月甲申，和春奏克復溧水。乙酉，曾國籓奏請終制，溫旨留之，仍令迅赴江西視師。庚寅，雲南武定州回匪滋事，官軍剿平之。李孟群奏擊敗霍丘竄賊，得旨嘉獎。丁酉，勝保攻正陽關，不利，道員金光箸死之，贈布政使。庚子，俄人以兵至海蘭泡，建營安砲，要求通商。命奕山拒之。辛丑，何桂清奏請知府溫紹原復官，辦理六合鄉團。詔吉林、黑龍江兵久勞於外，酌量撤回。壬寅，慶英奏浩罕勾結回匪，占踞英吉沙爾城，集兵剿之。以張國樑為湖南提督。癸卯，福建官軍收復光澤、汀州，踞匪出竄連城，擊敗之。
六月壬子，召舒興阿來京，以桑春榮為雲南巡撫。癸丑，福建官軍收復邵武。乙卯，江南官軍克復句容，加和春太子少保，賜張國樑黃馬褂。辛酉，王珍援江西吉安，連戰勝之，賜巴圖魯勇號。丁卯，河南南陽土匪平。癸酉，福建官軍收復泰寧、建寧。俄夷至天津遞國書，命文謙卻之。永定河決。乙亥，雲南回匪犯省城，恆春自盡。事聞，調吳振棫為雲貴總督，以王慶雲為四川總督，恆福為山西巡撫。丙子，江西官軍收復龍泉。戊寅，命許乃釗幫辦江南軍務，張亮基予五品銜，幫辦雲南剿匪事宜。
秋七月乙酉，李孟群奏收復霍山。己丑，河南官軍收復鄧州。癸巳，命奕山會集俄使勘定黑龍江兩岸邊界。甲午，貴州官軍收復錦屏。湖北官軍攻剿黃梅大勝，總兵王國材力戰陣歿，贈提督，賜恤建祠。甲辰，命都興阿幫辦官文軍務。
八月己酉朔，日有食之。壬子，福建官軍收復寧化。癸丑，江西官軍克復瑞州。丁丑，法福理奏克復英吉沙爾回城，解漢城圍。戊寅，官文、胡林翼奏湖北全境肅清。得旨：「胡林翼親督所部攻克小池口賊城，即乘此聲威規復九江，以振全局。」先是，林翼密奏欲保鄂省而復金陵，惟有先取九江，次復安慶，始握要領，故明詔從之。
九月庚辰，湖南援贛道員王珍卒于軍，贈布政使。壬午，勝保奏克復正陽關，又奏鳳台生員苗沛霖藉團聚眾。得旨：「正當示之不疑，藉消反側。」丙戌，法福理奏收復喀什噶爾回城。庚寅，湖北賊陷舒城。河南捻匪陷南陽。丙申，江西官軍克復東鄉。丁未，湖南援黔官軍克復黎平。
冬十月戊申朔，官文、胡林翼奏，李續賓等水陸齊進，攻克江西湖口縣城。勝保、袁甲三奏，總兵硃連泰、史榮椿等攻剿捻匪，平毀韓圩賊巢。蔣霨遠、佟攀梅奏，剿辦苗匪、教匪，斬擒多名，都勻賊退。河南官軍敗賊於南召，進剿裕州、泌陽餘匪。己未，李孟群剿捻匪於獨山，不利，兵潰。乙丑，湖北援軍李續賓等攻克彭澤。廣西官軍收復南寧。戊辰，胡林翼奏漕糧積弊，請改章徵收，以濟軍需，從之。庚午，河南賊入武勝關，直撲商南，陝西官軍擊走之。甲戌，以楊載福為福建陸路提督。以李續賓為浙江布政使。
十一月戊寅朔，英桂奏德楞泰敗賊於盧氏，邱聯恩敗賊於淅川。安徽賊陷和州、霍山。楊載福克復望江、東流、銅陵。乙酉，駱秉章奏蔣益澧、江忠濬援剿廣西，連戰獲勝，進圍平樂。戊子，胡林翼疏薦布衣萬斛泉、宋鼎、鄒金粟等。甲午，廓爾喀奉表輸誠，頒賞珍物。丙申，德興阿等奏克復瓜州。得旨嘉勉，賜雙眼花翎、騎都尉世職。翁同書以侍郎用，鞠殿華加提督銜。戊戌，和春奏同張國樑克復鎮江，賜和春雙眼花翎、輕車都尉世職，張國樑騎都尉世職，何桂清太子太保。庚子，英桂奏敗賊於汝州，豫西肅清。辛丑，永定河合龍。
十二月辛亥，耆齡奏曾國荃攻克吉水。駱秉章、勞崇光會奏官軍攻克平樂。廣西賊陷慶遠。丙辰，督辦三省剿匪副都統勝保奏請皖兵悉歸節制。得旨：「勝保尚屬勇敢，若平其躁氣，斂其驕心，可為有用之材，何庸自行凟请。」庚申，英人入廣東省城，劫總督葉名琛以去。詔革名琛職，以黃宗漢為兩廣總督，柏貴署理。乙亥，李孟群奏粵、捻合股東竄，偪近商、固。命勝保嚴防之。丙子，祫祭太廟。
是歲，免直隸、江蘇、山東、山西、河南、陝西、湖南、廣西等省二百三十五廳州縣衛，廣西四土縣被災、被賊額賦有差。朝鮮、琉球入貢。
八年戊午春正月己卯，佟攀梅罷，以蔣玉龍為貴州提督。丙戌，敕王懿德籌備海防。庚寅，江西官軍收復臨江。
二月庚午，官軍克復秣陵關，進圍金陵，加和春太子太保，張國樑雙眼花翎，陣亡總兵虎坤元優恤世職。
三月丁丑朔，勝保奏剿賊獲勝，固始解圍。得旨嘉獎。戊寅，俄船至天津。敕譚廷襄防堵。癸未，江北官軍克復江浦，道員溫紹原復官。庚寅，福濟奏收復和州。貴州賊陷都勻，前提督佟攀梅死之。
夏四月丙午朔，譚廷襄奏俄人不守興安舊約，請以烏蘇里河、綏芬河為界，使臣仍請進京。得旨：「分界已派大員會勘，使臣非時不得入京，駁之。」丁未，江西賊竄入福建，陷政和、松谿。戊申，俄人請由陸路往來，英人、法人請隔數年進京一次，詔不許。勝保奏捻首李兆受乞降，許之。己酉，安徽賊陷麻城，另股陷蒙、亳、懷、宿，詔袁甲三剿之。詔許俄之通商，不許進京。庚戌，賊陷和州。雲南大理回匪陷順寧。戊申，詔譚廷襄告知英人、法人，減稅增市，俟之粵事結日，彼時再議來京。庚戌，江西賊陷常山、開化，命總兵周天受加提督銜，專辦浙防，道員饒廷選防守衢州。辛亥，譚廷襄呈進美國國書，詔許減稅率、增口岸，仍不許入京。乙卯，英、法兵船入大沽，官軍退守。命僧格林沁備兵通州。戊午，江西官軍復雩都、樂安、崇化、宜黃。辛酉，英、法船抵津關。命大學士桂良、尚書花沙納往辦夷務。江西賊竄浙江，陷處州及永康。壬戌，湖北官軍克復九江，加官文、胡林翼太子少保，李續賓加巡撫銜。乙丑，英、法兵退三汊河，與俄、美來文，請求議事大臣須有全權便宜行事，始可開議。桂良等以聞，詔許便宜行事。丙寅，命僧格林沁佩帶欽差大臣關防，辦理防務。戊辰，勝保奏克復六安。乙巳，敕各省軍營挑練馬隊。庚午，命和春兼辦浙江軍務。英船開出大沽。桂良等奏英人之約於鎮江、漢口通商，長江行輪，擇地設立領事，國使駐京。上久而許之。
五月丙子，皖匪陷湖北黃安。桂良、花沙納奏，英使堅偪立約，不見耆英。耆英請回京，詔止之。戊寅，捻匪陷懷遠。己卯，奕山奏請黑龍江左岸曠地割畀俄人。甲申，桂良等奏俄允代轉圜，先允俄人陸行。丁亥，命廷臣集議和戰二者，兩害取其輕。戊子，桂良等奏英人謂我徒事遷延，即棄和言戰。大學士裕誠卒，上親臨賜奠。庚寅，桂良等奏進英、法訂約五十一款，並請先訂俄、美條約。壬辰，湖北官軍復黃安、麻城。福建官軍復光澤。廣東官軍復廣西梧州。敕耆齡檄調蕭啟江、張運蘭、王開化各軍由祁門進援浙江。癸巳，耆英擅回京，賜自盡。太傅杜堮卒，上親臨賜奠。乙未，命曾國籓辦理浙江軍務。丁酉，桂良、花沙納奏進俄、美、英、法四國條約。得旨：「既巳蓋用關防，今復硃批依議，宜示四國照此辦理。至通商稅則，在上海議之。」庚子，江北官軍克復江浦、來安。甲辰，夷船全數退出內河。命吏部侍郎匡源、內閣學士文祥在軍機大臣上行走。
六月己酉，命桂良、花沙納、侍郎基溥、武備院卿明善前往江蘇會議通商稅則。江西官軍復新城、金谿。癸丑，福建匪陷建寧。福興罷，以周天受統其軍赴援福建。召桑春榮來京，以張亮基為雲南巡撫。甲寅，廣西軍復象州。丁巳，浙江賊陷壽昌，官軍尋復之。福濟以不職，奪宮銜，解任。以翁同書為安徽巡撫。庚申，論天津失事狀，譚廷襄解任，提督張殿元遣戍。以慶祺為直隸總督，玉明為盛京將軍。丁卯，福建道員趙印川剿匪，死之。浙江官軍復常山、開化。江西援軍復浙江武義、永康、衢州，紹興城圍解嚴。瑞麟請籌款修築天津營壘砲台，下僧格林沁辦理。辛未，俄人請停辦驛站羊只，詔庫倫大臣援舊事拒之。壬申，賞刑部員外郎段承實五品卿銜，幫辦會議稅則。曾國籓奏由九江登陸赴浙，詔嘉勉之。浙江軍復縉雲。
秋七月甲戌朔，奕山、景淳奏俄人闖越黑河口，欲入松花江，於烏蘇里建屋安砲。詔勘明吉、黑地界，據理拒絕。乙亥，以李孟群署安徽巡撫。丁丑，從法福理請，升喀什噶爾領隊大臣為辦事大臣。周天受攻復浙江處州，移軍福建。癸未，詔曾國籓衢、嚴肅清，改援福建。乙酉，楊載福收復安徽建德。癸巳，湖北巡撫胡林翼丁母憂，詔在任守制，給假、給銀治喪。丙申，賊陷廬州，李孟群奪職留軍，以勝保為欽差大臣，督辦安徽軍務，袁甲三援剿三省捻匪。丁酉，福建軍復建陽、光澤，賊陷寧化。庚子，召晏端書來京，以胡興仁為浙江巡撫。壬寅，張芾軍復龍泉，賜花翎。
八月癸卯朔，復設天津水師。甲辰，福建軍復政和、松谿。勝保奏發逆偽英王陳玉成竄店埠、梁園，直撲定遠。庚戌，李定太剿賊玉山，勝之，解其圍。辛亥，蔣益澧援軍復廣西慶遠，擢按察使。丙辰，周天受援福建，克復浦城，進克寧化。捻匪陷豐縣。辛酉，捻匪竄山東，陷單縣。調英桂為山西巡撫，恆福為河南巡撫。乙丑，官軍復豐縣。捻匪陷曹縣，尋復之。何桂清請以海關盈餘用充軍饟，允之。壬申，江北軍在浦口失利，奪德興阿、鞠殿華職。和春奏：「浦口失利，已飛調援浙之師徑赴六合。探聞閩省回竄之賊，將由寧、太以援金陵，明系城賊圍急，令其部眾到處竄擾，以分我兵力。請飭各路自行援剿，勿致掣動全局。」上是之。
九月癸酉朔，湖北官軍多隆阿克復太湖。乙亥，詔以「天長、儀徵相繼失陷，六合危急，溫紹原雖素得民心，日久亦恐難支。即調周天培一軍分援六合、德安，一軍前往援應。」辛巳，官文、胡林翼奏李續賓、都興阿分路克復桐城、潛山，多隆阿進攻石牌，鮑超力攻雷公埠，均屬得手。詔令聯絡水師進規安慶。湖南官軍克復吉安，予同知曾國荃等升敘有差。壬午，明誼奏俄案議結，互換文憑，開辦通商。賊陷揚州，奪德興阿世職。命柏葰、翁心存為大學士，官文、周祖培協辦大學士。調瑞麟為戶部尚書，肅順為禮部尚書，硃鳳標為戶部尚書，陳孚恩為兵部尚書，瑞常為理籓院尚書，綿森為左都御史。敕總兵毛三元、成明幫辦德興阿軍務。甲午，張國樑攻克揚州，續復儀徵。慶端奏攻克邵武，閩省肅清。戊戌，荊州將軍綿洵卒，調都興阿為荊州將軍，和春為江寧將軍，張國樑為江南提督。己亥，賊陷六合，知縣溫紹原死之。紹原孤守危城，數年百餘戰，力竭而陷。上悼惜之，贈布政使，優恤，建祠予諡。
冬十月癸卯朔，浙江寧海土匪滋事，提督阿麟保剿平之。乙巳，勝保奏克復天長，李兆受在事出力。得旨：「李兆受賜名李世忠，予三品銜、花翎，以參將補用。」己酉，御史孟傳金奏劾舉人平齡硃墨不符，派載垣、端華認真查辦。丁巳，僧格林沁奏天津砲台工竣。上嘉之，賜御服。己未，江南官軍復溧水。壬戌，命李續賓幫同勝保辦理安徽軍務。戊辰，詔本年鄉試主考、同考官荒謬已極，覆試應議之卷，竟有五十本之多，正考官柏葰先革職，副考官硃鳳標、程庭桂暫行解任，聽候查辦。命庄親王奕仁在御前大臣上學習行走。
十一月壬申朔，移吉林馬隊益袁甲三軍。乙亥，袁甲三請于山東東三府抽釐助饟，許之。己卯，徐澤醇卒，以硃嶟為禮部尚書，張祥河為左都御史。乙酉，援閩、浙軍復浦城、順昌，予周天培提督銜。丙戌，恆福奏官軍剿捻大勝，豫境肅清，總兵傅振邦擢提督，編修袁保恆賜巴圖魯勇號。丁酉，內閣副本庫被盜。己亥，吳振棫以病免，以張亮基為雲貴總督，徐之銘為雲南巡撫。庚子，予陣亡提督鄧紹良優恤建祠。
十二月丁未，以宋丞相陸秀夫從祀文廟。庚辰，提督李朝斌收復安徽東流、建德，賜巴圖魯勇號。永州鎮總兵樊燮以乘肩輿劾免。丙辰，以鄭魁士為浙江提督，督辦寧國軍務。己未，李續賓進剿安徽，敗績於三河集，死之，贈總督，建祠予諡。同知曾國華贈道員，予諡。丁卯，以何桂清為欽差大臣，辦理通商事宜。趙德轍免，以徐有壬為江蘇巡撫。庚午，以瑞麟為大學士，調肅順為戶部尚書，麟魁為禮部尚書，瑞常為刑部尚書。祫祭太廟。
是歲，免直隸、安徽、福建、湖北、貴州等省九十二廳州縣被災、被賊額賦，又免江蘇六場鹽課各有差。朝鮮、琉球入貢。
九年己未春正月壬申朔，桂良等奏英人藉口廣東有事，罷議回粵。乙亥，召袁甲三來京，以傅振邦督剿三省捻匪，伊興阿副之。壬午，江西官軍復瑞金，解安遠圍，別賊陷南安。桂良等奏和約四事。敕俟英使回滬妥議。庚寅，福建匪周灴爔等降，遂復連城。乙未，安徽官軍復建德。丁酉，敕湖北採買馬匹訓練馬隊。戊戌，桂良等奏英使堅欲進京。敕僧格林沁嚴防海口。辛丑，都興阿請假，以多隆阿接統其軍。詔海運漕船探避夷輪。
二月丁未，捻匪薛之元舉江浦降，會李世忠攻克浦口，賜名薛成良，予花翎、三品銜，擢李世忠副將。癸丑，築奉天沿海砲台。鄭魁士攻克灣沚、黃池賊壘。甲寅，上召廷臣宣示戊午科場舞弊罪狀，依載垣、端華所擬，主考官大學士柏葰坐家人掉換中卷批條，處斬。同考官浦安坐聽從李鶴齡賄屬，羅鴻繹行賄得中，均處斬。乙卯，張芾奏官軍攻克婺源，賊目張淙相等乞降。丁巳，翁同書奏賊陷六安。慶祺卒，以恆福為直隸總督，瑛棨為河南巡撫。癸亥，張國樑奏攻克揚州、儀徵，回軍連克溧水。特詔嘉獎，予輕車都尉世職，李若珠賜黃馬褂。乙丑，曾國籓奏軍抵南康，蕭啟江克復南安。得旨嘉獎，予蕭啟江巴圖魯勇號。詔編修李鴻章交伊興阿差委。
三月辛未朔，前布政使李孟群兵潰於官亭，死之，復官予恤。甲戌，奕山、景淳奏俄人徑至烏蘇里江、綏芬河擇地建屋，並請會勘，詔不許。丙子，捻匪犯河南西華、舞陰，前總兵邱聯恩死之，贈提督，予恤。丁丑，桂良等奏英使兵船北上，阻止不聽。己卯，四川里塘頭人作亂，恩慶討平之，誅其夷目鄧珠。甲申，上祈雨。庚寅，以旱求言。辛卯，李鈞卒，以黃贊湯為東河河道總督。乙未，俄人在黑龍江通商，許免徵稅，不許闌入烏蘇里、綏芬。
夏四月辛丑朔，勝保奏克復六安。伊興阿解幫辦，以關保幫辦傅振邦軍務。壬寅，調王慶雲為兩廣總督，黃宗漢為四川總督。江西賊竄湖南郴州、桂陽，劉長佑擊走之。癸卯，勝保奏捻匪張元龍降，收復鳳陽府縣，並復臨淮關。築寧河砲台。戊申，浙江餘姚土匪作亂，討平之。甲寅，俄使賽善由察哈爾陸路入京，請助槍砲，致於恰克圖。丙辰，上再祈雨。己未，邵燦病免，以袁甲三署漕運總督。調勞崇光為廣東巡撫，兼署總督。賊陷天長，前提督德安死之，復官予恤。辛酉，奕山奏俄船由黑龍江入松花江東駛入海。得旨，不許入綏芬，令特普欽派員阻之。壬戌，王懿德免，以慶端為閩浙總督，羅遵殿為福建巡撫。癸亥，雨。乙丑，賜孫家鼐等一百八十人進士及第出身有差。戊辰，廣東官軍復嘉應，竄賊擾連平，陷樂昌。
五月丙子，詔駱秉章仍令田興恕回援貴州，兆琛一軍撤回。己卯，敕奕山更正俄人條約。辛巳，敕慶昀密查張家口、白城居住俄人。壬午，以周天受督辦寧國軍務。甲申，俄人請赴三姓貿易。詔責奕山辦理輭弱，革副都統吉拉明阿職，枷號烏蘇里地方。庚寅，官文奏探聞石達開將犯四川，詔曾國籓移軍夔州。辛卯，桂良、花沙納奏英酋於本月十三日起碇入京，桂良等即日馳驛回京。大學士翁心存乞休，允之。復以賈楨為大學士。調許乃普為吏部尚書，張祥河為工部尚書，沈兆霖為左都御史。癸巳，駱秉章奏石達開竄湖南，劉長佑、江忠義、田興恕諸軍擊走之。丙申，僧格林沁奏英船鳴砲闖入大沽，我軍開砲轟擊，擊沈多船，並有步隊上岸搦戰，我軍徑前奮擊，擊斃數百名，其兵頭赫姓並被砲傷。我軍亦傷亡提督史榮椿、副將龍汝元等。夷船即時出口。得旨：「將弁齊心協力，異常奮勇，先獎賞銀五千兩，並查明保奏。」戊戌，詔夷人雖經懲創，仍宜設法撫馭，即派恆福專辦撫局，僧格林沁仍辦防務。
六月己亥朔，賜僧格林沁御用珍服。庚子，捻匪陷盱眙，官軍尋復之。壬寅，特普欽奏俄人在三姓者，倔強不肯折回。命景淳前往查辦。癸卯，廣西官軍復上林，匪陷賓州。甲辰，張亮基奏回匪馬凌漢伏誅。丙午，恆福奏美人進京換約，許之。癸巳，英、法兵船全數開行。庚申，以李若珠為福建陸路提督。辛酉，何桂清奏英、法陸續回滬。乙丑，陳玉成陷定遠。丙寅，和春奏水師剿賊獲勝。
秋七月庚午，曾國籓奏克景德鎮，復浮梁。戊寅，勝保奏翁同書潰敗情形。得旨：「汝為統帥，只知炫己之長，不原援人之失。日日聚訟，庸何濟乎！」己卯，美使華若翰遞國書，和約用寶，在北塘交換。庚辰，詔曰：「朕聞勝保專以招降為能事，降眾未盡薙髮，張元漋且四外打糧。又報克復盱眙，該縣並無城池，賊因無糧退出，虛報邀功。此次姑不深究。即約束反側，力改前非。凜之！」癸未，御史趙元模奏黃河北流，涸出濱河田畝三四千頃，請辦屯田，寓兵於農，較勝團練。上是之，下袁甲三、庚長議奏。乙酉，詔曰：「王大臣續陳審明科場舞弊之大員父子，及遞送關節之職員，分別定擬。此案程炳采於伊父程庭桂入闈後，接收關節，令家人轉遞場內，程庭桂並不舉發。程炳采處斬，程庭桂免死，遣戍軍台。謝森墀、潘祖同、潘敦儼等俱免死，發遣新疆。」己丑，駱秉章奏石達開圍寶慶，李續宜援之，立解城圍。癸巳，命李若珠幫辦江南軍務。
八月戊戌朔，崇恩罷，以文煜為山東巡撫。己亥，上御經筵。乙巳，敕恆祺留辦廣東通商。勝保奏李世忠剿賊獲勝，解定遠、滁州圍。詔擢李世忠總兵。廣東官軍復連山、開建。庚戌，命曾國籓駐軍湖口。命都興阿蒞江寧將軍視事，多隆阿接統所部，總理前敵事務。甲寅，景淳奏俄人船在三姓者，現令折回。在烏蘇里者，未肯聽命。詔體察輿情，妥為辦理。己未，美人請先開市，以英、法約議未定，卻之。辛酉，駱秉章奏石達開南陷江華、永門，將入廣西。現飭劉長佑統軍追剿。得旨，田興恕一軍援黔，李續宜一軍回湖北備調。壬戌，發逆、捻匪會攻壽州，官軍擊卻之。御史陳慶松奏科場案內大員子弟陳景彥等贖罪太驟，請仍發遣，嚴旨斥之。甲子，廣東官軍復靈山。
九月戊辰，安徽賊陷霍山、盱眙，勝保擊退之。勝保丁母憂，留營視軍。甲戌，胡興仁罷，調羅遵殿為浙江巡撫。戊寅，王慶雲病免，以勞崇光為兩廣總督。庚辰，官文、胡林翼奏多隆阿攻破安徽石牌，擊破援賊，獲賊目霍天燕石廷玉，得旨嘉獎。己丑，傅振邦奏追剿捻匪，敗之。甲午，曹澍鍾奏石達開圍廣西省城，蕭啟江、蘇鳳文會合蔣益澧分途剿擊，敗之，立解城圍。
冬十月丁酉朔，時享太廟，上親詣行禮。駱秉章奏賊中投出難民，給予免死護照，資遣回籍，原效力者，准其留營，得旨，各省均可照辦。戊戌，雲南官軍克復嵩明，陣斬賊首孫漢鼎。庚子，以曾望顏署四川總督，譚廷襄署陝西巡撫。辛丑，以袁甲三為欽差大臣，督辦安徽軍務。以侍郎匡源、內閣學士文祥為軍機大臣。癸卯，河南捻匪陷蘭儀，圍考城、通許，擾尉氏，分竄直隸、山東。戊申，命總兵田在田幫辦傅振邦軍務。乙卯，授袁甲三漕運總督。丙辰，勝保克復懷遠。江蘇官軍剿六合失利，奪李若珠職。戊午，美使請開潮州、台灣通商口岸。庚申，河南官軍剿平鄢陵捻匪，西路肅清。壬戌，以明誼為烏里雅蘇台將軍，景廉為伊犁參贊大臣，崇實為駐藏大臣。乙丑，命官文、曾國籓、胡林翼妥籌四路規皖。
十一月戊辰，滇匪犯敘州，奪萬福職，以皁升為四川提督。辛未，何桂清奏，探聞英、法明春必來尋釁。恆祺奏英兵續行至粵。詔僧格林沁加意津防。丁丑，賊陷浦口，總兵周天培死之，予世職。癸未，特普欽奏俄人在黑龍江左岸占踞五十餘屯，請調西丹墨爾根、布特哈兵交那爾胡善訓練，聯絡旗民參夫，有事抵禦，從之。丙戌，命張芾督辦皖南軍務。己丑，曾國籓奏韋志俊以池州降。滇匪陷敘州，另股陷酉陽、秀山。庚寅，四川官軍復筠連、慶符、高縣。乙未，戶部災。
十二月丙申朔，蔣霨遠奏石達開糾黨十餘萬由桂犯黔，將以窺蜀。詔田興恕剿之。戊戌，上詣大高殿祈雪。雲南丘北土匪滋事戕官，官軍討平之。庚子，和春奏官軍攻破江浦賊壘，揚州西界肅清。壬寅，吏部尚書花沙納卒。丙午，何桂清報英、法兵船到滬。以田興恕為貴州提督。辛未，援黔湘軍攻復鎮遠。庚申，景淳奏請招集流民參夫，給地設卡，以助邊防，從之。壬戌，袁甲三奏攻克臨淮關，得旨嘉勉，下部議敘，穆騰阿加都統銜。甲子，祫祭太廟。
是歲，免直隸、河南、山東、浙江、貴州等省一百五十七州縣被災、被賊額賦有差。朝鮮、琉球入貢。
十年庚申春正月丙寅，上三旬萬壽，頒詔覃恩。詔先朝壽節有告祭之禮，升殿之儀，本年勿庸舉行，外吏、外籓並停來京祝嘏。加恩親籓，惇郡王奕脤晉親王，貝子奕劻晉貝勒，餘各封賚，及於廷臣、疆臣。戊辰，前寧夏將軍托雲保卒。己巳，解勝保欽差大臣，專辦河南剿匪，袁甲三專辦安徽。丁丑，瑛棨以遲解京饟降官，以慶廉為河南巡撫。己丑，刑部主事何秋濤呈進所纂北徼彙編八十卷，上嘉與之，賜名朔方備乘，入直懋勤殿。壬辰，有鳳免，以全亮為成都將軍，占泰為四川提督。甲午，御史白恩佑言津防重大，請預籌後路，以保萬全。得旨：「所奏固是，然駐兵籌饟，甚覺為難。現在津防周備，可勿庸議。」特普欽奏請召集鄂倫春人入伍，從之。扎拉芬泰奏請與俄、廓合攻印度。上曰：「俄非和好也。廓豈英敵？」
二月丁酉，上御經筵。庚子，以劉源灝為貴州巡撫。袁甲三奏克復鳳陽，賜黃馬褂。辛丑，何桂清奏上海英人經華商開導，索兵費一百萬。津約不能更易，入京換約。如不見許，即開船北駛。詔僧格林沁嚴備津防後路。海運漕糧，暫緩放洋。丙午，湖南官軍克復貴州鎮遠。庚戌，捻匪陷桃源，上竄清江，庚長退守淮安。壬子，援桂湘軍克復柳州、柳城，加道員劉坤一按察使銜。甲寅，張芾奏官軍復建德，匪陷涇縣、旌德，連陷太平。己巳，以倭什琿布為禮部尚書，春佑為熱河都統。辛酉，詔和春分兵援浙。
三月乙丑朔，袁甲三奏官軍復清江。庚子，命提督張玉良統軍援浙。丙子，賊陷杭州，巡撫羅遵殿死之。越六日，將軍瑞昌復其城。重賚瑞昌、張玉良等。以王有齡為浙江巡撫。丁亥，上耕耤田。辛卯，浙江官軍克復長興、臨安、孝豐。甲午，何桂清奏夷船北犯。
閏三月癸卯，四川官軍克復蒲江，賊陷名山。丙午，命曹澍鍾督軍四川，以劉長佑為廣西巡撫。丁未，賊陷溧水，連陷句容。以張玉良為廣西提督，留蘇督軍，尋令折回杭州。庚申，和春等奏陳玉成率眾突犯大營，城賊出而合犯，官軍力不能支，退守鎮江。壬戌，以王夢齡為漕運總督。
夏四月丙寅，以明儒曹端從祀文廟。癸酉，賊陷丹陽，張國樑死之，和春走常州。戊寅，詔直省舉辦團練。命都興阿督辦江北軍務。癸未，詔兩江總督何桂清屢失城池，褫職逮問。以曾國籓署兩江總督。擢兵部郎中左宗棠四品京堂，襄辦曾國籓軍務。乙酉，賊犯常州，和春迎戰受傷，卒。以魁玉署江寧將軍，會巴棟阿扼守鎮江。辛卯，賊陷建平，張玉良兵潰於無錫。壬辰，賜鍾駿聲等一百八十三人進士及第出身有差。癸巳，賊陷蘇州，巡撫徐有壬死之。
五月甲午朔，以薛煥為江蘇巡撫，暫署總督。己亥，江蘇常熟縣知縣周沐潤招募沙勇，克復江陰。辛丑，賊陷浙江長興，圍湖州，蕭翰慶赴援失利，死之。甲辰，曾國籓奏陳三路進兵，規蘇保浙，並調沈葆楨差遣。上嘉允之。以東純兼署四川總督。丙午，賊陷吳江、崑山及浙之嘉興。玉明奏金州、岫岩海口有洋船六十餘停泊，劫掠牲畜。庚戌，敕王夢齡督同喬松年開辦江北糧台。辛亥，恤殉難在籍侍郎戴熙，贈尚書，予世職，建專祠，諡文節。甲寅，命毛昶熙辦河南團練，杜〓辦山東團練。戊午，李若珠奏薛成良投誠復叛，捕誅之。己未，曾國籓奏隨調鮑超、硃品隆進駐祁門，鄂軍不宜再調。從之。玉明奏洋船到金州海面一百餘艘，文煜奏英、法兵到煙台者約有萬人，探聞有由海豐大山北犯之說，均下僧格林沁知之。
六月癸亥朔，敕准巴爾虎旗人一體考試。甲子，英船駛入北塘。丙寅，賊陷青浦、松江。己巳，劉長佑奏復慶遠，石達開南竄。庚午，瑞昌奏復廣德。辛未，萬壽節，御殿受賀。壬申，大學士彭蘊章罷直軍機。命邵燦、劉繹、晏端書、龐鍾璐各在原籍舉辦團練。戊寅，王有齡奏在籍道員趙景賢克復湖州。薛煥奏克復松江。庚辰，英、法兵登岸，遂踞北塘。裁南河河道總督暨淮海道各官。壬午，僧格林沁奏英、法勢大志驕，難望議和。得旨，以撫事責之恆福，以顧大局。丙戌，命曾國籓為欽差大臣，實授兩江總督。己丑，夷人犯新河，官軍退守塘沽。命駱秉章馳赴四川督辦軍務。辛卯，手詔僧格林沁曰：「握手言別，倏逾半載。大沽兩岸危急，諒汝憂心如焚。惟天下大本在京師不在海口。若有挫失，總須退保津、通，萬不可寄身命於砲台，為一身之計。握管凄愴，汝其勉遵！」敕西凌阿固守天津，瑞麟、伊勒東阿赴通州防堵。
秋七月癸巳，命巴棟阿援金壇。戊戌，大沽砲台失守，提督樂善死之，優恤建祠。庚子，僧格林沁退守通州。辛丑，英人陷天津。浙江賊陷臨安、餘杭。四川賊陷邛、蒲、新津。甲辰，江蘇賊復陷松江。丁未，以崇實署四川總督。己酉，裕瑞奏浩罕請依前通商，許之。以常清為伊犁將軍。辛酉，金壇陷，知縣李淮守三年，援兵不至，力竭死之，紳民從死者逾千人。命勝保督馬隊守通州。
八月癸亥，洋兵至通州，載垣誘擒英使巴夏禮解京。戊辰，瑞麟等與洋兵戰於八里橋，不利。命恭親王奕訢為欽差大臣，辦理撫局。己巳，上幸木蘭，自圓明園啟鑾。丁丑，上駐蹕避暑山莊。李世忠以擒叛將薛成良擢授江南提督。戊寅，詔曰：「江南提督張國樑謀勇兼優，忠義奮發。在軍十年，戰功卓著，東南半壁，倚為長城。本年大營潰散，回援擊賊，受傷沒水。先後奏報，朕猶冀其不確。迄今數月，其為效死捐軀無疑。若使張國樑尚在，蘇、常一帶，何至糜爛若此。追念藎勞，益深愴惻。贈太子太保，入祀昭忠祠，分建專祠。子孫幾人，送部錄用。」己卯，命都興阿帶兵入衛，從官文請也。命玉明、成凱、樂斌、文煜、英桂督兵入衛。辛巳，命恆福駐古北口備防，吳廷棟接轉文報。壬午，浙江官軍克復平湖、嘉善。廣東官軍克復樂昌、仁化。癸未，江蘇賊陷常熟。圓明園災，常嬪薨，內務府大臣、尚書文豐死之。庚寅，恭親王奏請還巴夏禮於英軍。薛煥奏劾馮子材赴援金壇，擁兵不進，致令城陷。詔薄譴之。
九月壬辰，命勝保為欽差大臣，總統援軍。敕恭親王奕訢照會英人，勿修城北砲台，速行議約。甲午，英使、法使入城。大學士彭蘊章、尚書許乃普以病乞免，許之。己亥，命慶廉、英桂兵駐直備調。辛丑，賊陷寧國，周天受死之。甲辰，命左宗棠督辦浙江軍務。乙巳，撫局成。恭親王奕訢奏請宣示中外，如約遵行。許俄人駐烏蘇里、綏芬。停各省援兵。敕英桂來京。議西巡。戊申，李若珠奏克復江陰。辛亥，賊陷徽州，守城道員李元度棄城走。癸丑，直隸、山東、河南賊匪並起，命僧格林沁討之。庚申，恭親王奕訢奏洋人退至天津，籲請迴鑾。
冬十月辛酉朔，詔天氣漸寒，暫緩迴鑾。以田興恕為貴州提督。予陣亡提督周天受、周天培世職，建祠予諡，附祀道員福咸等。壬戌，以劉源灝為雲貴總督，鄧爾恆為貴州巡撫。甲子，敕文謙、恆祺辦理通商事宜，吳廷棟督辦防務。以文安為湖南提督。以馮子材督辦鎮江軍務。丙寅，恭親王奕訢奏換俄人和約，請用御寶，從之。辛未，俄羅斯致槍砲。癸酉，敕樂斌、英桂回任。庚辰，以嚴樹森為河南巡撫，毛昶熙督辦河南捻匪。辛巳，命都興阿督辦江北軍務，李若珠副之。以總兵田在田接辦徐、宿剿匪，淮徐道吳棠幫同辦理。
十一月辛卯，勝保奏以大順廣道聯英專辦河防，准其奏報，從之。癸巳，翁同書奏陳謹天戒，固邦本，收人才，練京營，爭形勢。得旨：「收人才一條，利少弊多。餘留覽。」甲午，浙江賊陷新城、臨安、富陽。乙未，王夢齡奏剿賊獲勝，三河肅清，並請節制黃開榜水師，從之。庚子，曾國籓奏鮑超等克復黟縣。辛丑，李若珠乞養親，以曾秉忠代之。癸卯，以杭州解嚴，優賚瑞昌、王有齡等。瑞昌奏陳慶端力保浙疆，請加優獎。得旨：「不分畛域，皆爾大吏分內之事。甄敘督撫，出自朝旨，非汝所得擅請。」戊申，命成琦會景惇查勘俄羅斯東界。癸卯，浙軍張玉良攻復嚴州。甲寅，官文、胡林翼奏陳玉成圖犯懷、桐，多隆阿會合李續宜迎剿，大敗之，殺賊萬餘。多隆阿賜黃馬褂，李續宜加二品銜。
十二月辛酉，命西凌阿、國瑞幫辦僧格林沁軍務。丙寅，命張亮基留辦雲南軍務。己巳，始置總理各國通商事務衙門，命恭親王奕訢、桂良、文祥管理。以崇厚充三口通商大臣，薛煥兼辦上海等處通商事務。准旗人學習外國語言文字。己巳，以田興恕為欽差大臣，督辦貴州軍務。丙子，左宗棠奏督軍克復江西德興、安徽婺源，予三品京卿。乙酉，以官文、周祖培為大學士，肅順協辦大學士，沈兆霖為戶部尚書，硃鳳標為兵部尚書。戊子，祫祭太廟。
是歲，免江蘇、浙江、安徽三省額賦逋賦，又直隸、山東、河南、江西、湖北、湖南、福建、廣西等省四百一州縣衛被災、被賊額賦有差。會計天下民數二萬六千零九十二萬四千六百七十五名口，存倉穀數五百二十三萬一千九百二十石四斗六升五合一勺。朝鮮入貢。
十一年辛酉，上在木蘭。春正月庚寅朔，上御綏成殿受賀。辛酉，詔二月十三日迴鑾。乙未，曾國籓奏楊載福剿賊，克都昌，解南陵圍。田在田奏捻匪犯碭山，擊走之，加提督銜。丙申，召翁同書來京，以李續宜為安徽巡撫。丁酉，以福濟為成都將軍。辛丑，賊陷孝豐，杭州戒嚴。壬寅，詔：「紀年開秩，應予特赦，非常赦所不原者咸減除之。」癸卯，左宗棠兵復饒州暨都梁。乙巳，恆福以病免，以文煜為直隸總督，譚廷襄為山東巡撫，鄧爾恆為陝西巡撫，何冠英署貴州巡撫。丁未，僧格林沁奏捻匪竄入山東，派隊追剿，及於菏澤，失利。得旨：「僧格林沁督帶重兵，北地倚為屏障。乃以飢疲之卒，追方張之寇，旁無援應，宜其敗也。勇往有餘，未能持重。尚其汰兵選將，扼要嚴防，謀定後動，勿再輕進。」戊申，詔袁甲三等：「捻匪裹脅良民，未便概行誅戮，可剴切曉諭，設法解散。投誠者免罪，殺賊者敘功。並傳知李世忠一體招撫。」辛亥，貴州官軍克復獨山。壬子，翁同書奏陳撫練苗沛霖劫擾壽州，跋扈異常。詔李續宜酌辦。河南捻匪竄擾東明、長垣。
二月己未朔，雲南官軍克復晉寧。壬戌，復置奉天金州水師營。丙寅，詔准山東抵還法國教堂地基，並敕直省遇有交涉，即行酌辦請旨，勿許推諉。丁卯，張玉良軍克復江山、常山。庚午，曾國籓奏左宗棠敗賊於景德鎮，鮑超敗賊於石門洋塘。壬申，浙軍克復富陽。熱河朝陽盜匪陷城，命克興阿剿之。命明誼、明緒會勘俄界，英蘊、奎英辦理俄人通商。捻匪撲汶河，副都統伊興阿、總兵滕家勝逆戰陣歿。乙亥，陳玉成糾合捻匪由英山犯湖北蘄水，詔胡林翼回兵擊之。庚辰，詔曰： 「前經降旨，訂日迴鑾。旬日以來，體氣未復。綏俟秋間再降諭旨。」壬午，朝鮮國王遣使朝覲行在。溫諭止之，頒賜文綺、珍器，及其使臣。癸未，詔挑選兵丁演習俄國送到槍砲。甲申，裁撤黑龍江團丁歸農。
三月己丑朔，詔派辦約大臣崇綸、崇厚給與全權便宜行事。敕侍郎成琦赴興凱湖會勘俄人分界事宜。予道員聯捷四品京卿，辦理河防。壬辰，恭親王奕訢請赴行在祗叩起居。上手詔答之曰：「別經半載，時思握手而談。惟近日欬嗽不止，時有紅痰，尚須靜攝，未宜多言。且俟秋間再為面話。」丙申，詔皇長子於四月七日入學，以李鴻藻充師傅。戊戌，都興阿奏鎮、揚水師船隻年久損壞，請飭廣東購運紅單船應用，從之。庚子，命勝保督辦直隸、山東剿匪。以賈臻署安徽巡撫。庚戌，英、法兩國兵退出廣東省城。辛亥，以前大學士彭蘊章署兵部尚書。甲寅，浙江賊陷海鹽、平湖、乍浦，副都統錫齡阿死之。丙辰，廣西土匪陷太平府、養利州。
夏四月己未朔，嚴樹森奏賊犯汝寧，道員張曜擊走之。戊辰，山東捻匪、教匪連陷館陶七縣。僧格林沁入滕縣固守，詔勝保分兵援之。甲戌，詔曰：「朕聞各處辦捐，有指捐、借捐、砲船捐、畝捐、米捐、饟捐、堤工捐、船捐、房捐、鹽捐、板捐、活捐，名目滋多，員司猥雜。其實取民者多，歸公者寡。近年軍錡浩繁，不得已而藉資民力商力。然必涓滴歸公，撙節動用，始得實濟。若似此徵求無藝，朘薄民生，尚復成何政體。各大臣、督撫，尚其嚴密稽查，剔除奸蠹，以副朕意。」 乙亥，左宗棠敗賊於樂平。庚辰，山東教匪撲圍大名，聯捷擊走之。癸未，皖賊復竄浙江，陷常山、江山，進偪衢州。
五月癸巳，田在田奏苗練犯符離，敕僧格林沁分兵援之。甲午，鄧爾恆被戕於曲靖。飭劉源灝查辦。以瑛棨為陝西巡撫。庚子，勝保奏克復館陶。辛丑，命賈臻、李世忠幫辦袁甲三軍務。甲辰，命多隆阿幫辦官文、胡林翼軍務。乙巳，賊陷浙江壽昌、金華、龍游、湯谿、長興，進陷蘭谿、武義。詔催左宗棠赴援。
六月戊午朔，日有食之。庚申，曾國籓、胡林翼奏：「安慶省城自我軍長圍，逆酋陳玉成率黨回援安慶，於集賢關外赤岡嶺堅築四壘。經鮑超、成大吉會合多隆阿馬隊奮力進剿，晝夜轟擊。五月初一日，三壘俱降。釋去脅從，將長發老賊概行正法。其踞第一壘之賊劉滄琳，乘夜潛遁。經鮑超殲於馬踏石，餘為水師斬戮殆盡，並將劉滄琳驗明支解梟示。」得旨嘉獎。布魯斯亞國換約通商。辛酉，許俄人在庫倫、恰克圖通商。乙丑，欽天監奏八月初一日，日月合璧，五星聯珠。得旨，不必宣付史館。甲戌，賊陷浙江遂昌、松陽、永康。丙子，回匪撲擾喀什噶爾。詔景廉赴阿克蘇防剿。丙戌，浙江官軍克復長興。
秋七月丁亥，詔每年秋間王公致祭兩陵，如遇山水漲發，可在途守候道路通時，即行前往。屆期不到，由守護之貝勒、公等行禮。甲午，曾國籓奏收復安徽徽州。戊戌，予四川陣亡侍衛昭勇侯楊炘建祠。辛丑，上不豫。壬寅，上大漸，召王大臣承寫硃諭，立皇長子為皇太子。癸卯，上崩於行宮，年三十一。十月，奉移梓宮至京。十二月，恭上尊諡。同治四年九月，葬定陵。
論曰：文宗遭陽九之運，躬明夷之會。外強要盟，內孽競作，奄忽一紀，遂無一日之安。而能任賢擢材，洞觀肆應。賦民首杜煩苛，治軍慎持馭索。輔弼充位，悉出廟算。鄉使假年御宇，安有後來之伏患哉？
In the fifth month, on bingshen, it weighed anchor and went back south. On dingyou, an edict said: "The departments and counties are the officials closest to the people, and their responsibility is very heavy. In recent years appointment and promotion have been reckless, the ranks of officials a muddled mixture; many rely on their clerks and runners and fleece the villages. What can the people live on? Let the governors-general, governors and high officials examine them with care, recommend the honest and fair and root out the greedy and incompetent, so that the hardship of the people may gradually ease, as I wish." The Hunan rebel chief Li Yuanfa was captured and sent to the capital to be executed. An edict told Zheng Zuchen: "The society bandits of Guangxi are rising on every side; they should be hunted down promptly, and your reports must not hide or gloss over anything." On xinhai, the Dengzhou Brigade of Shandong was changed to a naval Brigade General, also commanding on land. On guichou, an edict ordered the Eastern and Southern Rivers to survey and plan the people's dykes. On jiayin, Guqing was made General of Jilin. Edit
In the sixth month, on guihai, the Yongding River overflowed. The Grand Secretary Pan Shi'en retired on his full salary. Qi Junzao was made Grand Secretary, Du Shoutian Assistant Grand Secretary, Sun Ruizhen Minister of Revenue, Wang Guangyin Minister of War, and Ji Zhichang Senior Censor-in-Chief. On jiaxu, the silver levied on odd scraps of land newly brought into taxation from the people and the Fan of Gansu was abolished. On jiashen, the governors-general and governors were ordered, in recommending or impeaching their subordinates, to set out the facts one by one and not to use empty words. This month, Hong Xiuquan, a man of Hua County in Guangdong, rose at Jintian in Guiping County, Guangxi. Edit
In the autumn, the seventh month, on xinmao, the governors-general and governors of the coastal provinces were ordered to plan the defence of the harbour mouths. On bingchen, the Minister Wenqing was dismissed for having invited the sorcerer Xue Zhizhong to treat an illness. Edit
In the eighth month, on dingmao, Hong Xiuquan broke into Xiuren and Lipu, and Zheng Zuchen was ordered to suppress him. Xiang Rong was transferred to be Provincial Commander of Guangxi to suppress the rebels. On jiashen, an edict said: "In the provinces men gather crowds and make trouble, and grave cases appear one after another. What are the local officials there doing? Take the Nian bandits of Henan: they form gangs and bands and even harass the neighbouring provinces, rampaging and plundering. They should be seized and dealt with by joint effort, and wiped out root and branch. If the high officials of the frontier provinces first tolerate them carelessly and then hide and gloss over it, so that it grows into a great disaster, I will certainly punish the governor-general and governor concerned most severely. Take heed!" Edit
In the ninth month, on bingshen, because the rebels in Guangxi were spreading, two thousand soldiers each from Hunan, Yunnan and Guizhou were sent to suppress them, and the gentry and people were urged to organise militia. On xinchou, Lin Zexu was made Imperial Commissioner to suppress the rebels in Guangxi. On jiachen, because the roving bandits of Guangdong were making trouble, Xu Guangjin was ordered to suppress them. On bingwu, the coffin of the late emperor set out. On xinhai, the Emperor Xuanzong Cheng was laid to rest for the time being in the Long'en Hall. Edit
In the winter, the tenth month, on renwu, because by patching things over he had let disaster grow, Zheng Zuchen was deprived of his post, and Lin Zexu was made acting Governor of Guangxi. On jiazi, the breach in the Yongding River was closed. On bingxu, an edict said: "The Grand Secretary Muzhang'a, pliant and sycophantic, has usurped high office, pushed out those who differed with him, obstructed military affairs and cared nothing for the affairs of the state; he is stripped of his post at once. The Assistant Grand Secretary Qiying, shameless and incompetent, is demoted to Assistant Department Director. Let this be proclaimed at court and in the provinces." Saishang'a was made Assistant Grand Secretary. Edit
In the eleventh month, on wuxu, Yishan was made General of Yili. On gengzi, the Imperial Commissioner Lin Zexu died on the road; Zhou Tianjue was made acting Governor of Guangxi, and the former Governor-General of Liangjiang, Li Xingyuan, was made Imperial Commissioner and sent to Guangxi to suppress the rebels. On yisi, the provinces were ordered to allot the miscellaneous funds stored in their provincial treasuries to military needs, and to put off for the time being the opening of sales of office. Liu Yunke was relieved; Yutai was made Governor-General of Fujian and Zhejiang, Cheng Yucai Governor-General of Huguang, and Wu Wenrong Governor-General of Yunnan and Guizhou. The Guangxi bandit chief Zhong Yachun was captured and executed. Edit
In the twelfth month, on jisi, the rite of the patent and posthumous title of Empress Xiaode was completed, and the empress's father Futai was posthumously made a duke of the third class. Yishan was ordered to draw up regulations for trade with Russia as he judged fit and report them. On gengwu, the tribute grain of four prefectures of Jiangsu was ordered sent by sea for the time being. On jiaxu, Xiang Rong attacked the rebels at Heng Department and defeated them. On jimao, hereditary ranks were granted in compensation to the Deputy General Yiketanbu and others killed in battle in Guangxi. On bingxu, the joint sacrifice was offered at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. Edit
This year, the taxes of the stricken places were remitted, in varying degrees, in sixty-seven departments and counties of Zhili, Zhejiang, Hunan and other provinces. Korea and Ryukyu sent tribute. Edit
In the first year of Xianfeng, xinhai, in the spring, the first month, on the first day, wuzi, the emperor sat in the Taihe Hall to receive the congratulations of the court. An edict ordered the provinces to ascertain the regular taxes and meltage surcharges in money and grain from before the thirtieth year of Daoguang still actually owed by the people, and to list them and ask for instructions. Saishang'a was made Grand Secretary. On renyin, the emperor visited the Muling mausoleum and performed the Great Sacrifice of the first anniversary. On gengxu, he returned to the capital. On xinhai, an edict ordered the officials of the Hanlin Academy and the Supervisorate of the Heir Apparent each to write lectures and present them. The Supervising Censor Su Tingkui submitted a memorial asking the emperor to trust the worthy sincerely and employ them, and to be careful at the beginning so as to plan for a good end. The emperor praised and accepted it. Edit
In the second month, on yichou, an edict remitted the money and grain owed by the people of the provinces that had already been reported and cleared in the accounts, and also the tribute grain owed by the people of Jiangsu, all of it. Du Shoutian submitted a memorial on four matters, putting the army's discipline in order, recruiting picked braves, encouraging village militia and examining the terrain, and it was sent to the high officials at the front. On gengwu, Li Xingyuan reported a victory over the rebels at Jintian. On jimao, an edict said: "This year, though the season has passed the spring equinox, the cold has not let up. Looking into myself, I find I have not been able to move the harmony of Heaven. I recall that last winter the Board of Rites submitted a collective memorial on women who died for their virtue, and that the Grand Secretariat drafted two alternative rescripts, and the one saying that no honour was needed was sent down. These women gave up their lives for righteousness; they are enough to rouse a shallow age and give weight to the bonds of duty. All these virtuous women, Lady Peng and the others, thirty-seven in all, are allowed to be honoured together, to comfort their chaste spirits." The Deputy Lieutenant-General of Guangzhou, Wulantai, was ordered to take the weapons he had made to Guangxi to suppress the rebels. Edit
In the third month, on bingshen, the Grand Secretary Saishang'a was ordered to carry the seal of an Imperial Commissioner and hasten to Hunan to manage the defence and blocking, with the Lieutenant-General Baqingde and the Deputy Lieutenant-General Dahong'a going with him. On gengzi, the emperor went to the Ziguang Pavilion to watch archery. On xinchou, he went to the Gongchen Hall for foot archery and watched the high officials and the guards shoot. On jiyou, the Governor of Henan, Pan Duo, reported the capture of the Nian bandit Yao Jingnian and more than two hundred others. On gengxu, troops of Guangdong, Hunan and Sichuan were sent to Guangxi to help in the suppression. On renzi, one million taels of silver from the privy purse were issued as military reserves for Guangxi, and granary grain of Sichuan was issued, husked and shipped to Hunan. Edit
In the summer, the fourth month, on wuwu, Saishang'a was ordered to hasten to Guangxi to take over the military affairs. On jiwei, the Senior Vice Minister of Revenue, Shuxing'a, was made Grand Councillor. On gengshen, the emperor sat at the Qianqing Gate to hear government business. Hereditary ranks were granted in compensation to the Deputy General Qiqing'a and others who had fallen into an ambush and been killed in Guangxi. An edict rebuked Li Xingyuan and others severely for having had no plan at all and falling into the rebels' trap. Because Zheng Zuchen had nursed the sore until it became a disaster, he was banished to Yili. On bingyin, Zhou Tianjue reported that the followers of Hong Xiuquan and the others were all scattered, in rugged mountains with roads they knew well, watching for chances to strike, so that even if beaten they could not be dealt a heavy blow. Since at present his forces were not enough, he had ordered them to keep to defence alone. Only when there were troops to spare could he link his camps and press the attack. An edict said: "Defend strictly, and do not let them break out and escape." When Saishang'a's army set out, he was granted the sword of Ebilong, and the Brigade General of Tianjin, Changrui, and the Brigade General of Liangzhou, Changshou, were ordered to go with him on the campaign. On gengwu, the money and grain owed by the people of Zhili for the thirtieth year of Daoguang were remitted. Zhou Tianjue impeached the Brigade General of Youjiang, Huiqing, and the Intendant of the Youjiang Circuit, Qingji, for slackness in suppressing the rebels, and both were deprived of their posts. On bingzi, Li Xingyuan reported the destruction of the society bandits of Shanglin Market. On guiwei, Li Xingyuan died. Wulantai reported that on the third day of the fourth month he had reached the army camp at Wuxuan. On inquiring into the rebels' strength, he found that most were a rabble; only the society bandits of Dongxiang in Wuxuan, more than ten thousand strong, had let their hair grow and changed their dress, and had false kings and false officials, and they were truly a danger at the heart of Guangxi. An edict said: "The rebels are cunning; be sure to act with caution." Edit
In the fifth month, on wuzi, Zhou Tianjue reported that the rebels who had escaped from Dongxiang in Wuxuan had broken into Xiang Department. An edict rebuked him severely, and each was given a light penalty. An edict ordered the Provincial Commander of Hunan, Yu Wanqing, to help in blocking and suppressing them. On gengyin, Zhuo Bingtian memorialised asking that the method of strengthening the walls and clearing the countryside be used, and this was passed to Saishang'a and the governors-general and governors for their information. On jiawu, Zhou Tianjue reported that he had put down the bandit band of Sicheng, that Chen Ya and others had surrendered, and that he had pursued the rebels into Hepu. On dingyou, Wulantai reported that on the seventeenth day of the fourth month he had hastened to Xiang Department to block the escaping rebels. On jiachen, because the Governor-General of Shaanxi and Gansu, Qishan, in suppressing the Fan tribes had killed recklessly as he pleased, he was deprived of his post, arrested and put on trial. On yisi, Ji Zhichang was made Governor-General of Fujian and Zhejiang, and the Minister of Revenue, Yucheng, was made Assistant Grand Secretary. On jiyou, an edict halted all construction works at court and in the provinces. The Junior Vice Minister of Works, Peng Yunzhang, was made Grand Councillor. On yimao, the emperor went to the Dagao Hall to pray for rain. Edit
In the sixth month, on dingsi, Saishang'a reported his arrival at Changsha. An edict said: "The rebels at Xiang Department should be surrounded with strong forces. The rebels who have split off and fled towards Nanning and Taiping should be pursued by detached forces. Weigh further the terrain and the men available, and coordinate your dispositions. The supply depots matter most of all; they too should be set up in separate places, to make transport easier." On bingyin, Wulantai reported that on the tenth day of the fifth month the rebels had taken the camp of the Guizhou troops, and that it was retaken the same day. The rebels massed at Nanshan had also been met and attacked and had fled south. Fifteen officers and more than two hundred soldiers had been killed in battle, and he attached a list asking for compensation. The Guizhou Colonel Tong Panmei and others, who had been the first to retreat in defeat, were stripped of their posts. On xinwei, one hundred and fifty thousand taels of silver from the duties of the Jianghai Customs were allotted and sent to meet the costs of troops passing through Hubei. On yihai, Saishang'a reported that on the fourth day of the sixth month he had hastened to Guilin and was planning for the whole situation. The emperor praised his plans as all fitting the needs of the moment. On dingchou, the Nian bandits of Nanyang in Henan went out on all sides making trouble, and an edict ordered the officials concerned to seize them. On xinsi, the Fan bandits of Xining plundered, and Saying'a was ordered to send officers to hunt them down. Edit
In the autumn, the seventh month, on bingxu, Saishang'a reported that the rebels had turned back from Xiang Department and fled to Dongxiang, and that he had sent troops to block and suppress them. On gengyin, the Censor Jiao Youying submitted a memorial saying that the administration of officials was slack and routine, and that names should be checked against realities. An edict said: "If the magistrates were the right men, how could the wicked gather in secret until it grew into a great disaster? Hereafter, where there is anything like this, the governors-general and governors alone will be called to account." On gengzi, Saishang'a reported that in advancing against the rebels of Xinxu he had won seven battles out of seven. Wulantai and Qin Dingsan were given back their peacock feathers. The governors-general and governors of Huguang and Sichuan were ordered to search out strictly the society bandits and the sect bandits. On dingwei, the annual repair works of the Southern River were ordered to be kept to a standard of three million. On jiyou, Saishang'a reported: "I have looked into the merits and faults of the officers. Wulantai won at first and was then defeated, because in pressing the pursuit hard he fell into an ambush: the rebels had dammed the stream and laid an ambush, and more than a hundred men of the rear army died in the rushing water. When Xiang Rong first came to Guangxi he won battle after battle, and for each victory the soldiers were rewarded with one tael of silver a man. When Li Xingyuan arrived, this was cut to three qian. The soldiers were in uproar and swore not to go out to battle. They have now been weeded out, each as his case deserved, and made to understand caution." The Governor of Anhui, Jiang Wenqing, reported that the bandit Cheng Liuma of Shou Department and the Nian bandit Gao Siba of Hefei had risen in revolt. On gengxu, Bao Qibao was transferred to be Provincial Commander of Hunan, Rong Yucai to be Provincial Commander of Yunnan, and Chonglun to be Provincial Commander of Guizhou. Edit
In the eighth month, on yimao, Saishang'a reported that in advancing against the rebels' lair at Xinxu he had taken and held Zhuxi Gorge and Shuangji Mountain. An edict praised and rewarded him. On yichou, the Governor of Shandong, Chen Qingxie, reported that a naval ship of Dengzhou had been seized by bandits and its Deputy General had fallen into the water. An edict said: "Go at once in pursuit and suppress them." Yixing and Ne'erjing'e were also ordered to guard the harbour mouths strictly. The Minister of Rites, Huifeng, died. Edit
In the intercalary eighth month, on the first day, jiashen, Hong Xiuquan, chief of the rebel host of Xinxu, took Yong'an Department and occupied it, and falsely proclaimed the Heavenly Kingdom of Taiping. Lu Jianying memorialised asking that Catholicism be banned. An edict said: "In dealings with the outer barbarians, care must be taken at the start. What is already in the original treaty should still be kept according to the old rules." On wuzi, Cheng Yucai reported that the bandits of Yangshan had broken through to attack Yizhang and Ruyuan, and that he had ordered the Brigade General Sun Yingzhao to go and suppress them. Feng Yuanji, a sub-district magistrate of Guangxi who had died for his duty, was granted a hereditary rank and a shrine was built for him, with his son Shupu given a place in its sacrifices. On jiawu, the river burst its banks at Sanbao in Fengbei on the Southern River. On gengzi, rules were fixed for the examination of the secretaries of the Grand Council. On renyin, Saishang'a reported that the rebels of Xinxu had crossed the mountains, broken out and taken Yong'an Department. An edict rebuked him severely, and he was referred to the Board for punishment. On jiyou, the Brigade General of Hebei, Dong Guangjia, and the Brigade General of Yunyang, Shao Heling, were ordered to hasten to Guangxi to suppress the rebels. On gengxu, Chang Dachun reported that pirate ships had plundered freely at Shipu, and that the prefect Luo Yong had driven them off. On xinhai, Shuxing'a was made Governor-General of Shaanxi and Gansu. Edit
In the ninth month, on gengwu, Saishang'a reported that Baqingde and Xiang Rong had pleaded illness to shirk their duties and had delayed advancing their troops. An edict deprived both of their posts, to redeem themselves by service. On bingzi, an edict ordered regulations to be discussed for sending the tribute rice by both river and sea. Edit
In the winter, the tenth month, on wuxu, a shrine of their own was ordered built for Ge Yunfei and Zheng Guohong, the Brigade Generals killed in battle at Dinghai. Edit
In the eleventh month, on jimao, Ye Mingchen reported that the bandits of Yingde had been wiped out entirely. He was given the added title of Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent. Edit
In the twelfth month, on dingyou, Saishang'a reported that Xiang Rong had advanced and camped at Longyantang. On jiyou, Lu Jianying reported that the pirate Bu Xingyou had handed over his weapons and surrendered, and that his men had been settled in the garrisons. On gengxu, the joint sacrifice was offered at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. Edit
This year, the money and grain owed by the people from before the thirtieth year of Daoguang were remitted throughout the empire. Also remitted were the banner rents owed by the people of sixty-one departments and counties of Zhili and the silver and rice of arrears collected with the current taxes in fifty-one departments and counties of Zhejiang. Also remitted were the taxes of the stricken places in fifteen subprefectures, departments and counties of Fengtian, four cities of Jilin, one city of Heilongjiang and seven subprefectures, departments and counties of Hunan. Also remitted were the salt levies owed by the saltworks of Zhejiang and Fujian. Also remitted were the assessed taxes of eighty-six departments and counties of Guangxi harmed by the rebels. Korea and Ryukyu sent tribute. Edit
In the second year, renzi, in the spring, the first month, on the first day, renzi, Yikuang was made a Beizi, to carry on the sacrifices of Prince Qing of the First Rank, Yonglin. On yimao, Yucheng was made Grand Secretary, Ne'erjing'e Assistant Grand Secretary, and Xi'en Minister of Revenue. On renxu, Saishang'a reported that he had camped three li from the city of Yong'an Department to direct the fighting. On xinwei, the Vice Minister Quanqing and the Deputy Lieutenant-General Longqing were ordered to invest the queen of the King of Korea. Edit
In the second month, on dinghai, Chen Qingxie was relieved because of illness, and Li Hui was made Governor of Shandong. On xinchou, the emperor went to the Western Tombs. Edit
In the third month, on renzi, the Emperor Xuanzong Cheng was given his great burial at the Muling mausoleum. On dingsi, the emperor returned to the capital, and reverently had the spirit tablets of the Emperor Xuanzong Cheng and of the three empresses Xiaomu, Xiaoshen and Xiaoquan raised to be placed in the Imperial Ancestral Temple, and proclaimed an edict extending imperial favours. On gengshen, Zou Minghe reported that the bandits occupying Yong'an had all fled east, that Wulantai's pursuit had gone badly, and that the Brigade Generals Changrui, Changshou, Dong Guangjia and Shao Heling had all died. An edict referred Saishang'a and others to the Board for punishment, ordered Cheng Yucai to send troops to defend and block in Hunan, and granted hereditary ranks in compensation to Changrui and the other three Brigade Generals, with shrines. The Deputy Lieutenant-General of Guangzhou, Wulantai, died with the army; he was posthumously made Lieutenant-General and given compensation by the precedent for those killed in battle. On bingzi, hereditary ranks were granted in compensation to the Deputy General A'erjing'a and others who had died in Guangxi. On gengchen, the Sub-Chancellor of the Grand Secretariat, Shengbao, submitted a memorial saying: "The places for pleasure and sightseeing have been made bright and new. The common people talk of it in private, and it does harm to Your Majesty's virtue." The emperor bore with him graciously. Edit
In the summer, the fourth month, on renwu, the regular rain sacrifice was performed, sacrificing to Heaven at the Round Mound, with the Emperor Xuanzong Cheng reverently paired with Heaven in the sacrifice. On jiashen, the Prefect Wang Qingyun submitted a memorial on the salt administration of Hedong, saying that if the conscription of merchants were banned for good, large sums could be raised. It was referred to the Board to deliberate and carry out. On bingxu, the emperor visited the Muling mausoleum and performed the rite of putting off mourning. Xu Guangjin was made Imperial Commissioner to take over the military affairs of Guangxi. On xinmao, Cheng Yucai reported that the bandit Liu Daiwei of Chenzhou had risen in revolt, and that the Colonel Jilaming had captured and executed him. On guisi, Chang Dachun reported that salt smugglers resisting arrest had killed the Deputy General Zhang Hui and the magistrate Decheng; the Provincial Commander Shanlu and the prefect Bi Chengzhao sent troops to attack them, beheading or capturing more than a hundred, and the rest of the bandits fled and scattered. Zhang Hui and Decheng were granted hereditary ranks. The Junior Minister of the Court of the Imperial Stud, Xu Jiyu, submitted a memorial saying that after mourning was put off the emperor should guard against three gradual slides: the slide into building works, the slide into ease and pleasure, and the slide into being cut off from the truth. An edict said: "I shall keep it to the right of my seat and look at it often." On jihai, the soldiers on the ration rolls added in the Qianlong reign were cut by more than sixty-six thousand. On gengzi, Cheng Yucai reported that Hong Xiuquan had attacked Quanzhou and pressed on to attack Yongzhou, with bands breaking off towards Yongfu and Yining, and that he had ordered the Provincial Commanders Bao Qibao and Liu Changqing to resist them separately, and had also informed Saishang'a so that they might block them together. On xinchou, Tedeng'e was relieved, and Guiliang was made Minister of War. On yisi, Zhang Yun and others, two hundred and thirty-nine men, were granted the jinshi degree, with distinctions of rank. Qishan was banished to Jilin. On bingwu, because Zou Minghe had kept his troops to guard the city and would not let them pursue the rebels, he was deprived of his post. Lao Chongguang was made Governor of Guangxi. On jiyou, six hundred thousand shi of tribute rice were ordered held back and sent to Jiangsu and Shandong for relief. Edit
In the fifth month, on xinhai, Buyantai reported that there were four hundred thousand bolts of Hui cloth in store, and asked to adapt the rules and commute the levy into money; this was permitted. On jiayin, at the summer solstice, sacrifice was made to Earth at the Square Pool, with the Emperor Xuanzong Cheng reverently paired in the sacrifice. On gengshen, the rebels took Dao Department in Hunan. Saishang'a stayed to hold Guilin, and ordered Jiang Zhongyuan and Zhang Guoliang to move their troops to Hunan. Edit
In the sixth month, on jiashen, the relief of Shandong was looked into. Du Shoutian and Yiliang submitted a memorial saying that when the tribute grain boats entered Shandong they should unload first, so that the grain could be distributed. On bingxu, Saishang'a was ordered to go to Hunan to direct the military affairs, and Xu Guangjin to take over the military affairs of Guangxi. On dinghai, the Lady Niohuru was established as empress. On guisi, Senggelinqin impeached the Minister of the Imperial Presence, Prince Zheng of the First Rank, Duanhua, for altering the paper of the Reader Baoqing in the great examination; when he was told to stop, he would not listen, and he was arrogant, overbearing and stubborn, and hard to work with. An edict removed Duanhua from the Ministers of the Imperial Presence, and Baoqing was stripped of his post. On wuxu, Huicheng was made Director-General of the Hedong River Conservancy. Edit
In the autumn, the seventh month, on jiwei, the bandit band of Ling Shiba at Luojing in Guangdong was put down, and the emperor praised and rewarded those who did it. The Imperial Agent at Wushi, Chunxi, reported that the Hui bandit Tiewankuli Huozhuo had broken in and harassed Wushi, and that the government troops had driven him back. An edict ordered the Councillor to look into it closely and report. On jiazi, an edict said that while the military business was unfinished, men of ability were badly needed, and that any who understood war were to be recommended where they were and employed. An edict ordered the provinces to repair their city walls. On bingyin, the Assistant Grand Secretary Du Shoutian died. On dingmao, Luo Raodian reported that on reaching Changsha he heard that the rebels had broken out of Dao Department towards Jianghua, Yongming, Guiyang and Jiahe; he feared that Hengzhou might be lost, and that the provincial city too should be prepared in advance. An edict told him to plan and manage it properly at once. On wuchen, the Supervising Censor Yuan Jiasan impeached Prince Ding of the Second Rank, Zaiquan, the Minister Hengchun and the Vice Minister Shuyuan; on repeated investigation there were traces of wrongdoing, and each was reprimanded, while the officials who had written verses on Zaiquan's painting "Resting the Shoulders" were all referred to the Board for punishment. On gengwu, Yishan and Buyantai reported that the Hui bandit Wolihan had gathered the Burut and burst into the guard posts, and that the government troops had driven them back. On renshen, Hong Xiuquan took Chenzhou. On jiaxu, Chang Dachun reported that defence and blocking should be planned at Yuezhou, and an edict ordered Xu Guangjin to send troops there. Linkui was made Minister of Justice. Edit
In the eighth month, on the first day, jimao, Xiang Rong was deprived of his post for pleading illness to evade duty and was banished to Xinjiang, but soon kept with the army to redeem himself by service. Fuxing was made Provincial Commander of Guangxi. On guiwei, the Classics Mat lectures were held for the first time. On jiashen, an edict told the governor-general and governors of Huguang: "On Dongting Lake in Hunan and on the Great River in Hubei there are many thousands of small fishing boats and large trading boats; they should be gathered in at once, so that the rebels cannot use them. Their boatmen are used to wind and waves and could serve as water braves; take care to recruit them." On jichou, Luo Raodian and Luo Bingzhang reported that the rebel bandits had taken Anren and You County and were advancing to attack the provincial city. Saishang'a was ordered to raise the siege of the provincial city quickly. On gengyin, the court officials were ordered to plan military supplies together. Chang Dachun was transferred to be Governor of Shanxi, Luo Raodian was made Governor of Hubei, and Zhang Fu acting Governor of Jiangxi. On jiachen, the duty on rice carried to Hubei by merchants of Sichuan and Jiangxi was ordered remitted for the time being. One thousand soldiers of Fujian and Zhejiang were sent to Jiangxi to defend and block. Edit
In the ninth month, on jiyou, an edict said that Saishang'a had commanded the army without success and failed the frontier province; he was stripped of his post, arrested and put on trial, and his household property was confiscated. On xinhai, Zaiquan was made Commander of the Gendarmerie, Ne'erjing'e Grand Secretary, and Xi'en Assistant Grand Secretary. On jiayin, the Fan bandit of Xining, Alike Gongzhu, was captured and beheaded. Luo Bingzhang was ordered to stay in Hunan for the time being to help manage affairs. On wuwu, the emperor visited the Eastern Tombs. Hereditary ranks were granted in compensation to the Brigade General Fucheng and others killed in battle in Hunan. On jiwei, Chang Dachun reported that the rebels were about to break north and that the defending troops were few. Xu Guangjin was ordered to send troops to Yuezhou to help with the defence. On dingmao, the emperor returned to the capital. Edit
In the winter, the tenth month, on xinsi, the emperor went to the residence of Du Shoutian, posthumously made Grand Secretary, to bestow a libation, and gave his father Du E the added title of Minister of Rites. On jiashen, Huang Zonghan memorialised asking that the new tribute grain of Zhejiang be sent by sea instead, and this was followed. On renchen, Ji Zhichang was relieved, and Wu Wenrong was made Governor-General of Fujian and Zhejiang. Edit
In the eleventh month, on the first day, dingwei, there was an eclipse of the sun. On dingsi, the rebels took Yuezhou. On wuwu, Qishan was recalled to office as acting Governor of Henan. On xinyou, an edict ordered Xu Guangjin to divide his troops to guard Wuchang, Hanyang and Jingzhou, and Lu Jianying and Jiang Wenqing each to hold the key points of their terrain and guard them strictly. On guihai, because the rebels were nearing Hubei, Qishan was ordered to guard the border of Henan strictly, and an edict ordered Zhang Fu to guard the strategic passes along the Yangzi strictly. On jiazi, Wenqing was made Minister of Revenue. On guiyou, the rebels took Hanyang, and Lu Jianying was ordered to hasten upstream to defend and block. On yihai, Xiang Rong's title of Provincial Commander was restored. An edict ordered the Vice Minister Zeng Guofan, then at his home, to direct the militia. Fuzhuhong'a was transferred to be Provincial Commander of Jiangnan. Edit
In the twelfth month, on dingchou, the gentry of the provinces were ordered to organise militia in their home places. Shengbao, a capital official of the fourth grade, was ordered to join the army in Henan. On guisi, the rebels took Wuchang, and the Governor Chang Dachun died there. The emperor rebuked severely the high officials commanding the armies for failing to plan for the whole situation and keeping their troops to guard themselves, and Xu Guangjin was arrested to be punished. Xiang Rong was made Imperial Commissioner to direct the military affairs, and Zhang Liangji acting Governor-General of Huguang. Ye Mingchen was made Governor-General of Liangguang, and Bogui Governor of Guangdong. On guimao, Xiang Rong reported that the rebels, having taken Wuchang and Hanyang one after the other, had built pontoon bridges, and that many gunboats must be prepared to burn the bridges before an advance could be made. An edict said: "The gunboats brought by the Department Director of the Board of Justice, Lu Yingxiang, which attacked the rebels at Changsha, are to go to the front at once." On jiachen, the troops levied from Jilin and Heilongjiang reached the capital. An edict said: "Each detachment is to set out two days after the last; the officers leading them are to keep strict discipline, and must not demand extra carts or harass the post stations." The joint sacrifice was offered at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. Edit
In this year, the taxes of forty-two departments and counties of Zhili and of one prefecture of Shanxi, struck by disaster, were remitted, and the collection of silver and grain in forty-eight departments and counties of Zhejiang was deferred, each in varying degree. Korea and Siam sent tribute. Edit
Third year, guichou, spring, the first month. On dingwei, the troops of Changqing, Deputy Lieutenant-General at Qingzhou, were moved to garrison Henan and Hubei. On wushen, Zhang Liangji reported that the rebel chief Xiao Chaogui had in fact been killed by cannon fire outside the walls of Changsha; his body had been dug up and, once identified, beheaded and hacked to pieces. On jiyou, Jiang Wenqing reported that the city walls were thin and the troops few, and moved soldiers and militia from East and West Liangshan to defend the city. On guichou, Xiang Rong reported that the rebels holding Wuchang were carrying cannon onto boats, meaning to flee. Lu Yinggu reported intelligence that at the start of the year the rebels meant to break east toward Anqing and Jiangning. Xiang Rong was ordered to scout and prepare in every way, and to meet them, encircle them and destroy them. On jiayin, the Commandant of the Infantry and the Commander of the Vanguard were ordered to put the army's equipment in order and to question and search out wrongdoers. On jiazi, the rebels took Jiujiang, and Lu Jianying fell back to hold Jiangning. Saishang'a was sentenced to beheading, and his son Chongqi and others were stripped of their offices. On dingmao, Lu Xianji, Left Vice Minister of Works, was ordered back to Anhui to organise its defence, and Zhou Tianjue was given the rank of a vice minister to help direct the defence. On renshen, Lu Jianying was stripped of office and arrested for trial, and Xianghou was made Imperial Commissioner. On guiyou, because the gentry and people of the three provinces of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Sichuan had contributed to the army's pay, the quotas of successful candidates at their provincial examinations and of licentiates were raised. On jiaxu, the rebels took Anqing and Jiang Wenqing died there; Zhou Tianjue was ordered to act as Governor of Anhui. Enchang, a Brigade General killed in battle in Jiangxi, was given a hereditary rank. Edit
The second month, on the first day, bingzi, an edict said: "The banner troops of the Eight Banners at the capital number as many as one hundred and fifty thousand; the ministers in charge of them are to train them diligently." Honours and compensation were granted to those who had died for the cause in Hubei: the Education Commissioner Feng Peiyuan was posthumously given the rank of a vice minister and the posthumous name Wenjie, the Financial Commissioner Liang Xingyuan was given the posthumous name Minsu, and the Judicial Commissioner Ruiyuan the posthumous name Duanjie, while the officials from prefect down were each given a hereditary rank and a shrine of their own; the Provincial Commander Shuangfu and the Brigade General Wang Jinxiu were honoured in the shrine of Chang Dachun. On dingchou, the sacrifice was offered to the Former Teacher Confucius. The Minor Minister Lei Yixian and the Academician Reader-in-Waiting Jinkang were sent to the Southern River, and the Junior Supervisor of Instruction Wang Luqian to the Eastern River, to help direct the defence. On guiwei, the emperor went to the Biyong Hall to lecture, and Kong Fanhao, Duke Yansheng, was given the title of Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent. On dinghai, civil officials of the third grade and above were ordered to give four tenths, and military officials of the second grade and above two tenths, of their integrity-nourishing allowances to the army's pay. The Ministry of Revenue asked to raise contributions from merchants and from households; the emperor did not allow it. On renchen, the rebels took Jiangning, and the General Xianghou, the Provincial Commander Fuzhuhong'a and others died there. Yiliang was made Governor-General of Liangjiang, and Huicheng was ordered to hasten to Jiangnan to defend it and suppress the rebels. Tuoming'a was transferred to be General of Jiangning, Wenbin General of Suiyuan City, Ruichang General of Hangzhou, and Deng Shaoliang Provincial Commander of Jiangnan. On bingshen, Qishan was ordered to join in the defence of Huai'an and Yangzhou. Hubei was ordered for the time being to sell two thousand certificates of Sichuan salt. Li Hui was ordered to search out and arrest the Nian bandits in the three prefectures of Yanzhou, Yizhou and Caozhou in Shandong. Shengbao, Sub-chancellor of the Grand Secretariat, was ordered to assist with the defence north of the Yangzi. Edit
The third month, on yisi, the rebels took Zhenjiang and Yangzhou. On bingwu, the tablet of the Empress Xiaoherui was placed in the Ancestral Temple. On xinhai, the emperor ploughed the sacred field. On renzi, Jiang Zhongyuan, Judicial Commissioner of Hubei, was ordered to assist with military affairs in Jiangnan. On bingchen, the Vice Minister Yijing was ordered to lead the Miyun troops to Shandong to join in its defence. On dingsi, the militias of every province were ordered that they might kill local bandits without being held to account. Luo Bingzhang was again made Governor of Hunan. Chen Qimai, Financial Commissioner of Jiangning, was ordered to set up a grain depot at Xuzhou. On gengshen, Xiang Rong attacked the rebels at Jiangning and defeated them. Shi Degao was made Provincial Commander of the Fujian Navy. On renxu, Luzhou was made the provincial capital of Anhui. Zhou Tianjue had suppressed the rebels soundly and swiftly, and Qishan had won battle after battle in his attacks; both were praised and rewarded. Zhili and Fengtian were ordered to prepare the defence of the river mouths on the coast. On bingyin, Xiang Rong reported repeated victories over the rebels in the city and that he had advanced to hold Zhong Mountain. The emperor rewarded him generously. Yijing and Tuoming'a were ordered to go to Qingjiang to defend it and suppress the rebels. Ruichang was ordered to lead the Shengjing troops to Huai'an and Xuzhou to join in their defence, and Enhua to lead the Jilin troops to garrison Zhili. On xinwei, Guangdong was ordered to hire red-hull boats and choose officers to take them to Jiangnan to suppress the rebels. Fuji was made Director-General of Grain Transport. Edit
Summer, the fourth month, on gengchen, a black halo was seen around the sun. On jichou, the rebels took Pukou and Chuzhou. On jiawu, Qishan was ordered to command all the armies north of the Yangzi. Yang Wending was arrested and tried. The Jebtsundamba Lama of the Khalkha Mongols at Kulun offered three thousand horses, and the League Chief of Xilin offered horses too; both were told in kind words not to. On jihai, Sun Rujin and others, two hundred and twenty-two men, were granted the jinshi degree in its several classes. On guimao, the rebels took Fengyang. The Nian bandits of Anhui raided Mengcheng. Edit
The fifth month, on wushen, silver notes were first made. On renzi, Wang Yide reported that the society bandits of Haicheng had taken Tong'an, Anxi and Xiamen; he was sternly admonished. Zhou Tianjue reported that he had recovered Fengyang. On guichou, Li Jiaduan reported that rebel boats from Jinling were moving upriver. An edict replied that this differed from Xiang Rong's report and ordered a careful inquiry. Luo Bingzhang reported that Liu Hongyi, a bandit chief of Shangyou County in Jiangxi, had gathered a following and was causing trouble at Guidong, where it borders Guangdong and Hunan. An edict ordered the three provinces to suppress them together. On bingchen, Lu Yinggu reported that Bozhou had been lost and the rebels were making for Bianliang. Jiang Zhongyuan was ordered to hasten to Henan to suppress the rebels. Wang Yide reported that the brigade general and the circuit intendant at Zhangzhou had been killed by the rebels and that Yong'an and Sha County had fallen one after the other. On dingsi, Shengbao was ordered to lead troops in haste to Henan. On wuwu, Saishang'a and Xu Guangjin were released from prison to serve with the army and redeem themselves, and Yang Dianbang and Dan Minglun were both kept at Qingjiangpu to organise its defence. Zhou Tianjue reported that rebels who had escaped from Fengyang were raiding westward and that he would go to the rescue that same day. An edict said: "Zhou Tianjue has always been called brave, and the militia trained by Zang Yuqing, whom he recommended, can hold a front on their own; can he alone not fight the rebels to the death?" Lu Yinggu and Enhua reported that roving rebels had forced a crossing by the Cao River and were invading Shandong. An edict moved Shaanxi troops to support them, and still ordered the gateway of Tong Pass held fast. The rebels took Guide. On jiwei, the rebels took Anqing again. An edict ordered Jiang Zhongyuan to defend Jiujiang. Mongol troops were called up, and they and the five thousand horses they had offered were gathered at Rehe. On renxu, because the rebels were moving north, an edict urged the gentry and people of the north to form militia for their own defence; any who did good service in killing rebels would have their merit counted with the rest. Senggelinqin, Huashana, Dahong'a and Muyin were ordered to direct the patrols and defence of the capital. On guihai, Xu Naipu was made Minister of Justice and Weng Xincun Minister of Works. On jiazi, because the soldiers and people of Henan had held the provincial capital fast, a generous edict praised and encouraged them. On dingmao, Ne'erjing'e was ordered to defend the land north of the Yellow River. Guiliang went to Baoding to organise its defence. On jisi, the alarm at Kaifeng was lifted, and the rebels went south to Zhongmou and Zhuxian Town; Tuoming'a and others were ordered to pursue them. On xinwei, large coins worth ten cash were first cast. Edit
The sixth month, on yihai, the gentry and merchants of Fujian recovered Zhangzhou; a generous edict praised them and ordered rewards once the facts were checked. On wuyin, the rebels in Henan attacked Sishui, and a detachment crossed the Yellow River and took Wen County. Tuoming'a attacked them and recovered Sishui. On jimao, rebel boats from Jinling went upriver and took Nankang, then advanced to besiege Nanchang. On xinsi, the gentry militia of Wen County defeated the rebels and recovered the city, and then, with the government troops, defeated the rebels at Wuzhi. Ne'erjing'e was made Imperial Commissioner to direct military affairs in Henan and north of the Yellow River, with Enhua and Tuoming'a as his deputies. The Yellow River again broke its banks at Fengbei. On jiashen, Hui bandits at Dongchuan in Yunnan rose in revolt. Local bandits in Taiwan, Fujian, rose in revolt. On wuzi, an envoy of the United States asked to be received in audience; an edict refused it. The rebels in Henan besieged Huaiqing. Government troops lifted the siege of Xu Department, and the rebels fled to Luoshan. Government troops in Fujian recovered Yong'an and Sha County. Tuoming'a and others defeated the rebels at Huaiqing. On yiwei, the government troops at Zhenjiang suffered a setback; the Provincial Commander Deng Shaoliang was stripped of office, and Hechun was made acting Provincial Commander of Jiangnan. On wuxu, generous compensation, a hereditary rank and silver, was granted for the Brigade General Shuanglai, wounded and killed in the attack on Yangzhou. Local bandits of Quan Department in Guangxi rose in revolt. Edit
Autumn, the seventh month, on the first day, jiachen, local bandits in Guangxi took Xing'an and Lingchuan and split up to attack Guilin; government troops defeated them and recovered Lingchuan and Xing'an. On bingwu, Huicheng was ordered back to Qingjiangpu to defend it and suppress the rebels. On dingwei, Shengbao was ordered to assist with military affairs in Henan. On bingchen, the river officials of the southeast were ordered to gather in and remove the ferry boats, to stop the rebels from crossing in secret. Ma Jimei, a Brigade General killed in battle in Jiangxi, was compensated with a hereditary rank. On dingsi, an edict ordered that the new tribute grain of Jiangxi and Huguang be commuted to money and sent to the capital. On xinyou, the rebels moved into Hubei and Anhui. Yiliang was ordered to set up a customs house at Shanghai to collect duties. On guihai, the Provincial Commander Fuzhuhong'a was compensated with a hereditary rank. On jiazi, an edict ordered that gentry who had organised militia against the rebels and lost their lives were all to receive imperial compensation alike. On yichou, government troops in Fujian recovered Youxi. Edit
The eighth month, on bingzi, government troops lifted the siege of Huaiqing, and the rebels moved into Shanxi. On wuyin, Wu Wenrong was transferred to be Governor-General of Huguang, Yurui Governor-General of Sichuan, and Lebin General of Chengdu. On gengchen, the rebels took Yuanqu. On guiwei, Li Hui died; Zhang Liangji was made Governor of Shandong, and Luo Bingzhang was confirmed as Governor of Hunan. On jiashen, the rebels in Jiangxi took the prefectural city of Raozhou, and local bandits at Ji'an rose in answer from afar. On bingxu, the rebels took Jiang County and Quwo and advanced to besiege Pingyang. Hafen was dismissed, and Hengchun was made Governor of Shanxi. On gengyin, the rebels took Pingyang; Shengbao's troops arrived, defeated them and recovered Pingyang. The rebels broke away east from Hongdong. On guisi, Shengbao was made Imperial Commissioner and given the sword Shenque, with Enhua and Tuoming'a as his deputies. On dingyou, Tuoming'a defeated the rebels at Chenliu. Edit
The ninth month, on the first day, guimao, he defeated them again at Lucheng and Licheng; the rebels moved into Zhili and entered Linming Pass. Ne'erjing'e was stripped of office and arrested for trial, and Guiliang was made Governor-General of Zhili. On bingwu, the rebels took Baixiang. The siege of Nanchang in Jiangxi was lifted, and the rebels went back to hold Anqing. On dingwei, Kuilin was transferred to be Minister of Rites and Huashana Minister of Works, and Shengbao was made Lieutenant-General of a Chinese-martial banner. Local bandits in Jiangsu took Qingpu and Baoshan; government troops recovered them. On wushen, tribute grain was ordered held back for famine relief in Shandong. Because military affairs were pressing, the river works at Fengbei were put off. On xinhai, the Prince Hui of the First Rank was made Grand General by Command and given the sword Ruijie; Senggelinqin, Prince of the Second Rank of the Khorchin, was made Counsellor and given the sword Nekunisu; and Yixin, Prince Gong of the First Rank, Zaiquan, Prince Ding of the Second Rank, and the Chamberlain of the Imperial Guard Bichang were to help direct the patrols and defence. On yimao, the rebels, coming by way of Zhao Department, took Shen Department. Defences were ordered set up at Hejian, Zhuo Department and Tong Department. On xinyou, Li Jiaduan was dismissed, and Jiang Zhongyuan was made Governor of Anhui. On jiazi, Senggelinqin recovered Shen Department. On bingyin, Lu Yinggu was dismissed, and Yinggui was made Governor of Henan. On jisi, Zhou Tianjue died with the army. On xinwei, the rebels took Xian County, Jiaohe and Cangzhou and advanced on Tianjin; the magistrate Xie Zicheng led militia out to meet them and died there, and his men drove the rebels back thirty li. Xie Zicheng was by special grace posthumously made Financial Commissioner and given a shrine, and the militia were generously rewarded. At the alarm, the capital was put under martial law, and Senggelinqin stationed his army at Wuqing. Edit
Winter, the tenth month, on jiaxu, Zeng Guofan was ordered to lead militia to Hubei to suppress the rebels. On bingzi, the rebels took Huangzhou, and Xu Fengyu, Intendant of the Han-Huang-De Circuit, died there; they went on to take Hanyang and advanced to besiege Wuchang. On dingchou, the rebels held Duliu Town; Shengbao arrived with his troops and defeated them again and again. On wuyin, Yixin, Prince Gong of the First Rank, was ordered to serve in the Grand Council; Linkui was relieved as Grand Councillor, and Ruilin and Muyin were made Grand Councillors. On yimao, the Supervising Censor Yuan Jiasan was given the rank of a minister of the third grade to suppress the Nian bandits of Anhui. On renchen, the alarm at Wuchang was lifted, and Jiang Zhongyuan went to Anhui. Tang Shuyi, acting Judicial Commissioner, was ordered to suppress the rebels on the river. On guisi, the rebels took Tongcheng. On wuxu, the grain taxes of the three provinces of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Sichuan were to be collected in advance; this was soon stopped. Edit
The eleventh month, on the first day, renyin, Wang Qingyun was made Governor of Shaanxi. On bingwu, government troops in Fujian recovered Xiamen. The rebels in Anhui took Shucheng, and the Vice Minister Lu Xianji, the minister directing the militia, died there. On gengxu, the rebels took Yizheng. On guichou, the Vice Minister Zeng Guofan was ordered to lead a river fleet to suppress the rebels in Anhui. On dingmao, Shengbao attacked the rebels at Duliu without success; the Deputy Lieutenant-General Tong Jian was killed in battle and was posthumously made a General, with compensation. Edit
The twelfth month, on jiaxu, the rebels at Yangzhou broke out through the siege, and government troops recovered the city; Qishan, Huicheng and others were all stripped of office and kept to serve with the army. On yihai, because large bodies of rebels had gathered at Huangzhou, an edict ordered Wu Wenrong to leave the provincial capital and suppress them. On wuzi, Qishan recovered Yizheng. On jichou, the rebels took Luzhou and Jiang Zhongyuan died there. Fuji was made Governor of Anhui and Shao Can Director-General of Grain Transport. On bingshen, the Vice Minister Du Han was made Grand Councillor. Weng Xincun was dismissed, and Zhao Guang was made Minister of Works. On jihai, the combined sacrifice was offered at the Ancestral Temple. Edit
In this year, the taxes of three hundred and forty-four subprefectures, departments, counties and garrisons in Fengtian, Zhili, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Gansu and other provinces, struck by disaster, were remitted. The silver, grain and bundles of fodder of Zhongwei in Gansu, struck by an earthquake, were also remitted, each in varying degree. Korea, Ryukyu, Siam, Vietnam, Burma and Nanzhang sent tribute. Edit
Fourth year, jiayin, spring, the first month, on the first day, xinchou. The league chiefs of Mongolia, princes of the first and second rank, had again and again offered silver for the army's needs; a kind edict praised them, and all of it was given back. On yisi, three hundred thousand taels of silver from the Inner Treasury were sent to Shengbao's camp. On gengxu, government troops took Duliu Town, and the rebels who had held it fled back. On renzi, Zhang Fu was dismissed, and Chen Qimai was made Governor of Jiangxi. Wang Luqian memorialised that government in Henan had gone slack, that army supplies were falsely claimed, and that money was wasted on the river works. It was sent down to Yinggui to look into and report. On bingchen, the tribute rice of Zhejiang carried by sea was to put out to sea from the Liuhe mouth instead, and Jiangsu was ordered to send officials and set up a bureau. On jiwei, Fuji was ordered to manage the salt administration of Huaibei. Wang Yide was made Governor-General of Min-Zhe and Lu Quansun Governor of Fujian. On xinyou, Yuan Jiasan memorialised asking that matters concerning the raising of army pay go from the Grand Council straight to the office concerned and not be sent to the Grand Secretariat; this was approved. On yichou, Guangdong was ordered to buy foreign cannon and send them to Wuchang. On bingyin, the rebels held Shucheng Village; a stern edict ordered Senggelinqin and Shengbao to destroy and capture them swiftly. On dingmao, the Hubei troops attacking Huangzhou broke; the Governor-General Wu Wenrong, and Tang Shuyi, acting Judicial Commissioner and formerly Financial Commissioner, died there. The Ministry of Revenue's reply on the memorial of He Shaoji, Education Commissioner of Sichuan, offering his integrity-nourishing allowance, broke the rules of form by being written in parallel prose. The emperor rebuked Qi Junzao, saying: "When you read He Shaoji's memorial, you too criticised it as pedantic and stiff; why then copy the very fault you blamed? A Grand Secretary in charge of a ministry, and he cannot change one word of a clerk's draft!" The rebels moved to Dongchengzhuang in Xian County, and Senggelinqin and Shengbao joined their armies to attack them. The rebels moved on and took Fucheng, and a detachment went into Shandong. On jisi, the gentry militia of Liuhe County in Jiangsu had held their endangered city with all their strength; an edict praised them and remitted a year's taxes. Edit
The second month, on dingchou, the emperor attended the Classics Mat lectures. On jimao, Xu Naipu was relieved of his duty in the Southern Study and demoted to Sub-chancellor of the Grand Secretariat. Zhu Fengbiao was made Minister of Justice and Zhou Zupei Left Censor-in-Chief. Weng Xincun was recalled to office as Left Vice Minister of Personnel. On xinsi, Taiyong was made Governor-General of Huguang. On renwu, Zeng Guofan reported that he was leading seventeen thousand men of the river fleet and the land army from Hengzhou in haste to Hubei. On guisi, Yixing was dismissed, and Yinglong was made General of Shengjing. Zeng Guofan memorialised asking that, since Yang Jiang, grandson of the former governor Yang Jian, would contribute twenty thousand taels of silver, Yang Jian be allowed a place in the Shrine of Local Worthies. An edict said: "Yang Jian was an official who retired from office; the honour of a local worthy is a great rite and cannot be had by a contribution. Zeng Guofan should not have rushed to ask for it; let the Ministry deliberate his punishment." Since the war began, the treasury had been empty and affairs pressing, yet the emperor was still this careful with ranks and honours. Liu Yuzhen, Financial Commissioner of Anhui, who had died for the cause, was given a hereditary rank and the posthumous name Qinzhuang. On guiwei, the former Assistant Grand Secretary Tang Jinzhao and the Minister of War Tedeng'e attended the Deer Cry banquet a second time; they were given palace titles and granted tablets in the emperor's hand. On bingxu, Zhang Liangji reported capturing Wang Xiaoyong, the rebel chief who had killed high officials; his heart was cut out and offered in sacrifice to them from afar. An edict ordered the families of Tong Jian and Xie Zicheng told at once, so that they might offer the sacrifice. Tuoming'a was ordered to assist with Senggelinqin's military affairs. On guisi, Qinglin was made Governor of Hubei; Chonglun, though in mourning, was still to help hold the city. On wuxu, Zhang Liangji reported that the Nian rebels had crossed the river and moved from Feng County into Shan County; government troops met them and won, but they took Jinxiang again. Edit
The third month, on the first day, gengzi, Zhang Liangji reported that the rebels had taken Juye and Yuncheng. On xinchou, Zailing was ordered to lead a thousand troops to garrison Hejian, and Guiling and Tailu to lead fifteen hundred horse and foot to garrison Dezhou. Luo Bingzhang reported that the rebels had taken Yuezhou, and that Zeng Guofan had gone back to the provincial capital to hold the line, leaving the expectant circuit intendant Hu Linyi in southern Hunan to suppress the rebels. On renyin, the rebels took Yanggu; the magistrate Wenying, five days in office, died there, and was generously compensated and given a shrine. On jiachen, the rebels moved from Yanggu and Guan County to Xiaotan in Qinghe, and a detachment went on to Liguanzhuang in Linqing. On yisi, Shengbao was ordered to meet the rebels moving into Shandong, and the Financial Commissioner Chong'en reported that he was leading troops to hold Linqing Department. On xinhai, the emperor ploughed the sacred field. On dingsi, the rebels took Linqing. Ten days later government troops recovered it; the broken rebels fled south, and Shengbao pursued them. Zeng Guofan reported his defeat in attacking the rebels at Yuezhou and his return to hold Changsha. He was sent to the Ministry for punishment. Edit
Summer, the fourth month, on gengchen, Chunshan, Prince Shuncheng of the Second Rank, died. The rebels from Fucheng moved to Lianzhen; Senggelinqin pursued and surrounded them. On renwu, Shengbao reported that his cavalry had pursued the broken rebels from Linqing and wiped them out to the last man. An edict praised him and gave him the title of Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, and gave Delekeseleng and Shanlu yellow riding jackets. On jichou, the retired Grand Secretary Pan Shi'en died. The Chamberlain of the Imperial Guard Bichang died. On xinmao, Bao Qibao was dismissed, and Taqibu was made acting Provincial Commander of Hunan; Zeng Guofan was stripped of office but went on suppressing the rebels. Zeng Guofan recovered Xiangtan; Taqibu, Peng Yulin and Yang Zaifu won a great victory over the rebels, and the rebels at Jinggang withdrew. Edit
The fifth month, on the first day, jihai, the shrine of Ge Yunfei was completed, and a tablet in the emperor's hand was granted to it. The king of the Gurkhas sent a memorial asking to send troops against the rebels. A kind edict declined it. On xinchou, Sun Ruizhen was dismissed; Zhu Fengbiao was made Minister of Revenue, Zhao Guang Minister of Justice, and Peng Yunzhang Minister of Works. The Deputy Lieutenant-General Mianxun pursued the rebels at Feng County and defeated them, and was given the title of baturu. On yisi, Li Kaifang, a rebel chief at Lianzhen, broke away and took Gaotang Department; Shengbao led troops after him. On renshen, the emperor prayed for rain at the Dagao Hall. On dingsi, prayers for rain were offered at the Altar of the Heavenly Gods. On gengshen, Guanwen, General of Jingzhou, reported that government troops had recovered Jianli County and the prefectural city of Yichang. Taqibu was ordered to lead his army to Hubei to suppress the rebels. The former Governor of Hubei Chonglun was stripped of office for pleading illness falsely. On renxu, it rained. On guihai, Hechun and Fuji reported recovering the city of Lu'an Department in Anhui. Edit
The sixth month, on the first day, wuchen, a month's rations were granted to the refugees of Linqing and Guan County who had suffered at the rebels' hands. The rebels in Jiangxi moved into De'an in Hubei. On gengchen, Xu Naizhao was dismissed, and Ji'erhang'a was made Governor of Jiangsu. An edict said: "Apart from the five ports open to trade, foreign ships have never sailed into China's harbours. Lately some have even forced their way to Jinling and Zhenjiang; what do they mean by it? Ye Mingchen is at once to tell the chiefs of every foreign nation plainly to stop." On xinsi, an edict ordered that for the militia of the provinces who had killed rebels a general memorial arch be set up and that they be honoured in the Shrine of Loyalty and Righteousness, and that women who met disaster and gave their lives be honoured in the Shrine of Chastity and Filial Piety. On guiwei, the rebels took Wuchang. Taiyong was dismissed, and Yang Pei was made Governor of Hubei and acting Governor-General. Zeng Guofan was ordered to advance from Yuezhou to attack, and Yinggui to go to Xinyang to hold the line. The Deputy Lieutenant-General Dahong'a died with the army and was posthumously made a Lieutenant-General. On xinmao, Ye Mingchen was ordered to suppress and capture the society bandits and pirate ships of Guangdong. Iron and lead coins were cast. Edit
Autumn, the seventh month, on xinchou, the rebels in Hubei took Yuezhou, and went on to take Changde. On renzi, an edict said: "Qinglin abandoned his city and fled far away to Changsha; Guanwen is ordered to convey this edict and have him put to death." The Deputy Lieutenant-General Te'erqing'e died with the army. On gengshen, the Hunan river fleet recovered Yuezhou, and the dismissed Vice Minister Zeng Guofan was given the rank of the third grade. The circuit intendant Hu Linyi was ordered to attack Changde. On renxu, Yang Pei reported recovering Mianyang; the rebels took Anlu. Edit
The intercalary seventh month, on wuchen, government troops in Hubei recovered Anlu. On dingchou, the Imperial Commissioner Qishan died with the army; Tuoming'a was made Imperial Commissioner to direct military affairs at Yangzhou. On gengchen, Yang Pei reported recovering Jingshan, Xiaogan, Tianmen, Huangpi, Macheng and other cities. Xiang Rong reported that government troops had recovered Gaochun. On bingshen, Hechun reported recovering Taiping. Edit
The eighth month, on gengzi, Guanwen reported recovering Jiayu and Puqi one after the other. On guimao, local bandits in Guangdong took Zhaoqing; troops of Hunan and Fujian were moved to suppress them. On jiayin, government troops of Hunan advanced from Chenglingji to attack Tongcheng. On guihai, warships of Britain and the United States reached the river mouth at Tianjin, and Guiliang was ordered to deal with the matter. Edit
The ninth month, on xinwei, government troops of Hubei and Hunan took Wuchang and Hanyang. Yang Pei was made Governor-General of Huguang; Zeng Guofan, with the rank of the second grade, was made acting Governor of Hubei; Taqibu was given a yellow riding jacket; and Li Mengqun, Luo Zenan and Li Xubin were all promoted and rewarded in varying degree. The Financial Commissioner Yuexing and the acting Judicial Commissioner Li Qinggu, who had died for the cause, were both given posthumous names and shrines. On renwu, government troops of Hubei recovered Huangzhou. Zeng Guofan was ordered, with the rank of Vice Minister of War, to lead the army east downriver together with Taqibu. On jiashen, Yurui was dismissed; Huang Zonghan was made Governor-General of Sichuan and He Guiqing Governor of Zhejiang. On wuzi, government troops in Anhui recovered Lujiang. On yiwei, Wei Yuanlang died, and Weng Xincun was made Minister of War. Edit
Winter, the tenth month, on bingchen, Huashana was made Minister of Personnel, and Quanqing Minister of Works, in charge of the Imperial Academy. Wenqing was transferred to be Lieutenant-General of a Manchu banner, Yixing Lieutenant-General of a Chinese-martial banner, and Yishan Chamberlain of the Imperial Guard. On dingsi, Zeng Guofan reported that his river and land forces had attacked the rebels at Banbi Mountain and killed more than ten thousand of them. On wuwu, Zhalafentai was made General of Ili. On jiazi, Zeng Guofan and others reported taking Tianjia Town; Yang Zaifu and Peng Yulin were promoted and rewarded. The Hubei army recovered Qizhou. Edit
The eleventh month, on dingchou, the emperor went to the Dagao Hall to pray for snow. On gengchen, Yang Pei reported recovering Guangji and Huangmei. On wuzi, Luo Raodian died; Hengchun was made Governor-General of Yun-Gui, Wang Qingyun Governor of Shanxi, and Wu Zhenyu Governor of Shaanxi. Shanlu, General of Suiyuan City, died with the army. On gengyin, the Grand Secretary and Grand Councillor Qi Junzao retired. Jia Zhen was made Grand Secretary, Weng Xincun Minister of Personnel, Zhou Zupei Minister of War, and Xu Naipu Left Censor-in-Chief. On guisi, the rebels from Hubei took Yingshan in Anhui. The rebels from Anqing moved to Jiujiang and Hukou, and as far as Wucheng. Edit
The twelfth month, on yiwei, Zeng Guofan reported taking Xiaochikou; the emperor praised him and gave him a yellow riding jacket of fox-leg fur. On wuxu, Hechun reported recovering Yingshan. Because the recovery of the two counties of Yingshan and Huoshan had both relied on the strength of the people, three years' tribute grain was remitted. On xinchou, Yuan Jiasan reported that the provincial graduate Zang Yuqing, attacking Tongcheng, had fought to the last of his strength and fallen in battle; he was posthumously given the rank of the third grade and a hereditary rank. On yimao, Zaizhong, son of Yiji, was made a beile and heir to the Prince Yinzhi of the Second Rank, his name changed to Zaizhi. Government troops in Guizhou attacked the rebels, defeated them and lifted the siege of Xingyi. On xinyou, government troops in Anhui took Hanshan. Senggelinqin reported that he had attacked and destroyed the rebels' nest at West Lianzhen. On guihai, the combined sacrifice was offered at the Ancestral Temple. Edit
In this year, the taxes of one hundred and twenty-nine departments and counties in Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Fujian, Hunan, Guangxi and other provinces, and of twelve native departments and counties in Guangxi, struck by disaster, were remitted in varying degree. Korea and Ryukyu sent tribute. Edit
Fifth year, yimao, spring, the first month, on jisi, government troops of Sichuan recovered Tongzi in Guizhou. On renshen, government troops in Guizhou suppressed the bandits at Leitai Mountain and captured the bandit chief Chen Liangmo. On jiaxu, because the tribute rice of Jiangsu and Zhejiang was not enough for the issues from the capital granaries, Yiliang was ordered to open rice contributions and send the rice to the capital. On wuyin, Ji'erhang'a reported recovering the county city of Shanghai. An edict praised him. On xinsi, the rebels in Hubei moved back from Huangmei to Hankou; Yang Pei fell back to hold De'an, and was stripped of office but kept in his post. On guiwei, government troops in Jiangxi recovered Wuning. On yiyou, Senggelinqin reported taking Lianzhen and capturing the chief rebel Lin Fengxiang. Senggelinqin was made a Prince of the First Rank and moved his army to Shandong to attack the rebels holding Gaotang. The Imperial Commissioner Shengbao, long in the field without success, was stripped of office and arrested for trial. On bingxu, local bandits at Yueqing in Zhejiang made trouble and were suppressed. For the merit at Lianzhen, Xiling'a, Ruilin, Qingqi, Mianxun, Lamugunbuzhabu and Gunchukelinqin were each generously rewarded. Edit
The second month, on the first day, jiawu, Wang Yide reported that foreign merchants were coming to Fujian to trade in tea and renting people's houses to live in for long periods, and asked that a tea tax be collected from them; this was approved. Because the French officer Lanile had helped attack Shanghai, he was given four bolts of silk and ten thousand taels of silver, at Ji'erhang'a's request. On jihai, the emperor attended the Classics Mat lectures. Senggelinqin reported recovering Gaotang Department; the remaining rebels fled into Fengguantun. On xinchou, outlaws in Fujian rose in revolt and were suppressed. On wuwu, the rebels of Hubei moved north; Senggelinqin was ordered to send three or four thousand horse and foot to Henan to help defend it. Edit
The third month, on jiazi, government troops in Guangdong recovered Haifeng. The rebels in Anhui took Huizhou. On yichou, the emperor visited the Western Tombs. The rebels took Wuchang, and the Governor Tao Enpei died there; Hu Linyi was made acting Governor of Hubei. On xinwei, the emperor returned to the capital. On xinmao, the Guizhou bandit chief Yang Feng was caught and put to death, and the remaining bandits were put down. Edit
Summer, the fourth month, on yiwei, government troops in Anhui recovered Wuyuan. The efu Jingshou was made Minister of the Presence. On dingwei, the rebels in Jiangxi took Guangxin. On gengxu, Senggelinqin and others reported taking the rebels' nest at Fengguantun, capturing the chief rebel Li Kaifang and wiping out the rest. An edict expressed the emperor's relief and joy: Senggelinqin's rank of Prince of the First Rank was made hereditary and he was allowed to ride in a sedan chair, Delekeseleng was given the rank of Beile, and the others were each promoted and rewarded. Government troops in Jiangxi recovered Yiyang. The rebels in Zhejiang took Kaihua. On jiwei, Zhalafen, General of Xi'an, was killed in battle against the rebels in Hubei and was generously compensated. Yang Pei was stripped of office; Guanwen was made Governor-General of Huguang, Mianxun General of Jingzhou, and Ruilin General of Xi'an. Xiling'a was made Imperial Commissioner and sent to Hubei to suppress the rebels. On gengshen, government troops in Jiangxi recovered Raozhou, Guangxin and Xing'an. On xinyou, government troops in Guangdong defeated the bandits, and the bandit bands on water and on land were all put down. Edit
The fifth month, on bingyin, compensation was granted for Gao Hongfei, a magistrate in Fujian killed in battle; he was honoured in the Shrine of Loyalty at the capital, and a shrine to him was also built in Taiwan. On dingmao, Xiang Rong reported fighting the rebels at Sanshan and winning. On wuchen, government troops in Guangdong recovered Heyuan and other counties and destroyed rebels at Sanshui. On xinwei, the emperor sat at the Qianqing Gate, and the Grand General by Command Mianyu, Prince Hui of the First Rank, and the Counsellor, the Prince of the First Rank Senggelinqin, respectfully handed back the seal of the Grand General and the seal of the Counsellor. On renshen, an edict said: "Militia were first raised to protect the villages. Yet in Henan there have been repeated cases of refusing the grain tax and resisting officials. If others follow such examples one after another, the harm will be great. Let every governor-general and governor take care to put this in order, and not let it grow over time into disaster." At this time the harm done by the Black Militia had already appeared in Shandong, but it had not yet been reported to the throne. Later it was finally put down by force of arms. On yihai, Baijun was made Lieutenant-General of Rehe. On wuyin, Yang Pei's army recovered Suizhou. On guiwei, the Henan army recovered Guangshan. On dinghai, Hu Linyi reported that he was directing the river and land forces separately in a hard attack on Wuchang and Hanyang, and had fought four battles and won all four. An edict ordered him to plan their swift recovery. An edict said: "We hear that the Hui people of Yunnan easily stir up trouble, and there have been repeated cases of gathering crowds to refuse the grain tax. Hengchun and Shuxing'a must punish the ringleaders, and not let it spread over time." Li Jun was made Director-General of the Eastern River. Edit
The sixth month, on yiwei, the rebels in Jiangxi took Yining. On dingyou, the Provincial Commander Deng Shaoliang recovered Xiuning. On yisi, government troops in Guangdong recovered Fengchuan and destroyed rebels on the waters off Humen. On bingchen, the river overflowed at Lanyang in Henan. On jiwei, the Hui-Ning-Chi-Guang Circuit of Anhui was ordered to memorialise directly in its own name, as the Taiwan Circuit did. On xinyou, Guanwen reported that government troops had taken Yunmeng and Yingcheng. Edit
Autumn, the seventh month, on the first day, renxu, the Imperial Noble Consort Dowager was honoured as the Empress Dowager Kangci. Rebels from Guangdong took Chenzhou and Yizhang in Hunan. On guihai, Chen Qimai was stripped of office, and Wenjun was made Governor of Jiangxi. On jisi, Xiang Rong reported taking Wuhu. On gengwu, the Empress Dowager died. On dingchou, Xiling'a attacked the rebels at De'an without success and fell back to hold Suizhou. Duxing'a was ordered to move his army from Fengguantun to attack them. On xinsi, Yixin, Prince Gong of the First Rank, was relieved of his duty in the Grand Council and sent back to study in the Palace School. Wenqing was made Grand Councillor. On guiwei, government troops in Guangdong recovered Zhaoqing Prefecture and Deqing Department. On jiashen, local bandits at Yangcheng in Shanxi made trouble and were suppressed. On dinghai, Guanwen reported taking Hanchuan. Edit
The eighth month, on the first day, xinmao, Hu Linyi led his army to take Hankou and advanced to besiege Hanyang. On jiawu, Yinggui reported that Qiu Lian'en had captured the Nian chiefs Yi Tianfu, Wang Dang and others and put them to death. On jihai, Taqibu, Provincial Commander of Hunan, died with the army and was posthumously made a General. On gengzi, the emperor gave the late Empress Dowager the honoured posthumous title of Empress Xiaojing Kangci. Hui bandits of Kashgar came in past the border posts, and Woshihunbu sent troops to drive them out. On wushen, government troops in Guangdong recovered Lianzhou, Sanjiang and Lianshan one after another and lifted the siege of Yong'an. Edit
The ninth month, on jiazi, the Grand Secretary Zhuo Bingtian died. On yichou, Liu Zheng was made Lieutenant-General of a Chinese-martial banner. On gengwu, Wenqing and Ye Mingchen were made Assistant Grand Secretaries. On guiyou, a hundred thousand taels from the privy purse were issued for further relief of the famine victims of Zhili and Shandong. On renwu, tribal bandits of Mabian Subprefecture in Sichuan made trouble, and government troops suppressed them. On guiwei, the Nian chief Zhang Luoxing moved south from Guide; the Provincial Commander Wulong'e was ordered to suppress him. On yiyou, Guanwen was made Imperial Commissioner to direct military affairs in Hubei. The Zhejiang army recovered Xiuning and Shidai in Anhui. On wuzi, Deng Shaoliang was transferred to be Provincial Commander of Guyuan. Edit
Winter, the tenth month, on dingyou, Hechun and Fuji reported recovering the prefectural city of Luzhou. An edict praised them; Hechun was given a yellow riding jacket and Fuji the title of Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, and the fixed taxes of Hefei were remitted for three years. On xinchou, Miao bandits in Guizhou took Dujiang. On renyin, Guanwen reported recovering De'an. On wushen, Shi Dakai moved back into Hubei, and Hu Linyi blocked and fought him. On renzi, the four hundred thousand taels of surcharge for the river works levied on Henan were remitted for ever. Edit
The eleventh month, on jiazi, Hu Linyi reported that Luo Zenan and Li Xubin had met Shi Dakai and Wei Jun at Yangloudong and defeated them, and asked to buy foreign cannon to attack the rebels. Ye Mingchen was ordered to buy six hundred foreign cannon and send them by water through Hunan to Hubei for use. On xinwei, the Gurkhas seized and held Jilong in Further Tibet. Dexing died; Linkui was transferred to be Minister of Justice, and Ruilin was made Minister of Rites. On wuzi, Guanwen reported taking Xianning and Jinkou, and also reported that the rebels in Jiangxi had taken Yining and that he had sent orders for Luo Zenan to go back and suppress them. An edict said: "Luo Zenan is in the midst of his attack, and Wuchang and Hanyang are at a critical point; he must not go back." An edict ordered Zeng Guofan and others to send Zhou Rujun to Chongyang and Tongcheng to support Luo Zenan's rear. Hechun and others reported that the Nian bandit Li Zhaoshou had moved in to hold Yingshan, and that the circuit intendant He Guizhen had secretly planned to join in capturing him, failed, and died. Edit
The twelfth month, on xinmao, the emperor went to the Dagao Hall to pray for snow. On bingshen, the rebels in Jiangxi took Linjiang and Ruizhou; Zeng Guofan was ordered to send troops to suppress them. On wuxu, two hundred thousand shi of Jiangsu tribute rice were kept back to supply the army in Jiangnan. On guimao, government troops in Guangxi recovered Xing'an. The Guizhou rebel Xu Tingjie took Zhengan, and a detachment took Sinan. On yisi, Wenqing and Ye Mingchen were made Grand Secretaries, Guiliang and Peng Yunzhang Assistant Grand Secretaries, Baijun Minister of Revenue, Yixiang General of Shengjing, and Yinglong Lieutenant-General of Rehe. On bingwu, Duanhua, Prince Zheng of the First Rank, was made Lieutenant-General of a Manchu banner, and Yishan General of Heilongjiang. Xiling'a was ordered to go to Henan to defend it and suppress the rebels. On gengxu, the Nian bandit Zhang Luoxing moved back to Guide. On guichou, Yinggui was ordered to direct the suppression of the Nian bandits in the three provinces of Henan, Shandong and Anhui. Jingchun reported on the defence against the foreigners, and the emperor praised him. Hetehe, the Amban in Tibet, reported that he had hastened to Further Tibet and was laying overall plans for its defence. An edict said: "Gyantse, the Dingri post and Mabujia are all vital points on the central road and should be held at once. Choose among the kalons those whom the foreigners trust and have them help with affairs, to make up for what our forces cannot do. Foreigners taken alive are to be kept in camp for now and made to carry letters back and forth, as a show of holding them on a loose rein. The six articles drawn up by Lebin and others are sent down for that minister's information." On dingsi, the combined sacrifice was offered at the Ancestral Temple. Edit
In this year, the taxes of two prefectures and one hundred and fifty-eight departments and counties in Zhili, Shandong, Hubei, Guangxi, Guizhou and other provinces, and of thirty-eight native departments and counties in Guangxi, struck by disaster, and the dues of the salt works of Jiangsu, were remitted in varying degree. Korea and Ryukyu sent tribute. Edit
Sixth year, bingchen, spring, the first month, on the first day, jiwei, Yishen, Prince Dun of the Second Rank, was restored to the rank of Prince of the First Rank. Yishan was made Minister of the Presence, and Beile Zaizhi was to serve in attendance on the emperor. On renxu, Yang Yizeng died, and Gengchang was made Director-General of the Jiangnan River. On renshen, rebels raided Huang Department and Mayang in Hunan; government troops drove them off and beheaded the rebel chief He Lu. On yihai, an edict ordered Luo Bingzhang to send the prefect Liu Changyou to Jiangxi to suppress the rebels. On wuyin, Kunshou, Provincial Commander of Guangdong, attacked the rebels of Guishan and put them down. On xinsi, the Provincial Commander Qin Dingsan took Shucheng. Edit
The second month, on renchen, an edict said that the Miao officers of Hunan, having served well against the bandits, might stay in the camps and fill vacancies in turn. On wuxu, the emperor attended the Classics Mat lectures. On xinchou, Jiang Qichun, Governor of Shuntian Prefecture, submitted two admonitions, on mastering oneself and on returning to propriety; the emperor praised and accepted them. On bingwu, Britain and the United States asked to revise the treaties; this was sent to Ye Mingchen for his information. On dingwei, troops of Jilin, Heilongjiang, Chahar and Suiyuan City were moved to Shandong and Henan to suppress the rebels. On jiyou, the reduced integrity-nourishing allowances of civil officials in the provinces were raised somewhat, as seemed fit. On renzi, Fuxing was ordered to assist with military affairs in Jiangnan. On bingchen, the Gurkhas asked to end the war. On dingsi, government troops in Guizhou took Tongren. Edit
The third month, on jiwei, the rebels at Guazhou broke out onto the Grand Canal, and Tuoming'a pursued them. Yixiang was dismissed, and Qingqi was made General of Shengjing. On renxu, government troops of Hunan recovered Yongming and Jianghua. Liu Changyou's army entered Jiangxi and recovered Pingxiang. The rebels in Jiangxi took Ji'an. On guihai, the emperor ploughed the sacred field. On jiazi, the rebels in Jiangnan took Yangzhou again; Tuoming'a and Lei Yixian were stripped of office, and Dexing'a was made Imperial Commissioner, with the Junior Supervisor of Instruction Weng Tongshu as his deputy. On yichou, Shi Dakai took Ruizhou; an edict ordered Guangdong to block and suppress him. On dingmao, Saishang'a and Ne'erjing'e were released from their places of exile. On yihai, the Provincial Commander Deng Shaoliang attacked Yangzhou hard and took it, and was ordered to assist with Dexing'a's military affairs. The rebels moved to Jiangpu. On dingchou, Luo Zenan, attacking Wuchang hard, was killed in battle; he was posthumously made a governor and given compensation and a posthumous name. On wuyin, the rebels took Jianchang in Jiangxi. The Education Commissioner of Zhejiang Wan Qingli and the Financial Commissioner Yan Duanshu were ordered to direct the defence of Sanqu. On gengchen, the Imperial Concubine Yi, of the Nala clan, the mother of Muzong, was raised to Consort Yi. Zeng Guofan attacked the rebels at Zhangshu without success and was sent to the Ministry for punishment. On guiwei, Hengchun memorialised asking that the governors-general and governors of provinces with military operations be allowed to memorialise in their own names alone; this was approved. On bingxu, Zhang Guoliang's army took Pukou. Edit
Summer, the fourth month, on wuzi, the Guangdong rebels took Yizheng again, and government troops soon recovered it. On jiawu, the Guizhou army recovered Langdai. On bingshen, the Han Chinese and the Hui at Chuxiong in Yunnan fell into conflict. On jihai, the Jiangxi army recovered Jinxian. On xinchou, there was an earthquake at Jin Department in Fengtian. On guimao, the rebels in Anhui took Ningguo. On bingwu, the former Assistant Grand Secretary and retired Chief Minister of the Court of Imperial Entertainments Tang Jinzhao died, and was posthumously made a minister. On xinhai, Weng Tonghe and others, two hundred and sixteen men, were granted the jinshi degree in its several classes. On bingchen, Dexing'a reported that government troops had attacked the rebels at Sanchahe and destroyed their nest. Edit
The fifth month, on xinyou, Mukedena was made General of Guangzhou, and Duxing'a General of Jiangning. On renxu, government troops at Tongcheng in Hubei suffered a setback, and the circuit intendant Jiang Zhongji died there. Ji'erhang'a, Governor of Jiangsu, attacked the rebels at Huangnizhou near Zhenjiang, failed and died; he was posthumously made a governor-general. Zhao Dezhe was made acting Governor of Jiangsu. On jiazi, the rebels of Jiangnan stormed the camp at Jiuhua Mountain and took it. The Henan army recovered Guang Department. Xiling'a was restored as Lieutenant-General. Yuan Jiasan was restored to the rank of a minister of the third grade. On dingchou, the rebels took Lishui. Edit
The sixth month, on the first day, bingxu, the rebels of Jinling stormed and took the Great Camp; the government troops fell back to hold Danyang, and Xiang Rong and Fuxing were stripped of office. On wuzi, the Judicial Commissioner Xu Zonggan was ordered to assist with the defence of Anhui. Yiliang was ordered to hire steamships to go up the Yangzi and fight the rebels. Henan and Guangdong were ordered to send troops, and Hechun and Fu Zhenbang to go to the aid of Jiangnan. On dingwei, Ye Mingchen reported that the envoys of Britain, the United States and France, as twelve years had passed since the treaties were made, asked to come to the capital to revise them. An edict allowed some adjustment as seemed fit, but stopped them from coming to the capital. On xinhai, the Yongding River overflowed. The rebels in Jiangxi took Raozhou. Edit
Autumn, the seventh month, on xinyou, the relief army from Guangdong recovered Shangyou and Yudu in Jiangxi one after the other and lifted the siege of Ganzhou. Wang Yide presented a letter of state from the United States; an edict said: "Changing the treaty can hardly be allowed; they are still to be told to go back to Guangdong to negotiate." On dingmao, the Brigade General Zhang Guoliang was ordered to assist with Xiang Rong's military affairs. On renshen, government troops in Jiangxi recovered Nankang and Raozhou one after the other. On guiyou, the Imperial Commissioner Xiang Rong died with the army. On bingzi, Salar Hui bandits in Gansu made trouble, and government troops suppressed them. Hechun was ordered to hasten to Danyang to suppress the rebels, and Zheng Kuishi to take over military affairs in Anhui. The relief army from Hubei recovered Xinchang and Shanggao in Jiangxi. Hetehe reported that the Gurkhas had made peace with the Tibetans, and the garrison troops were withdrawn. Edit
The eighth month, on wuzi, Huang Zonghan was dismissed; Wu Zhenyu was made Governor-General of Sichuan, and Tan Tingxiang Governor of Shaanxi. On guisi, Shuxing'a was ordered to deal sternly with the Hui bandits and to organise village militia. On guimao, government troops in Guangxi recovered Shangsi Department and Gui County. On dingwei, the rebels in Guizhou took Duyun and Shibing and went on to take Guzhou. On wushen, government troops in Anhui took Sanhe. On jiyou, society bandits in Jiangxi took Guangchang, Nanfeng, Xinchang and Luxi. Edit
The ninth month, on the first day, yimao, there was an eclipse of the sun. On wuwu, because rice was dear in the capital, gruel kitchens were opened in the Five Wards, and granary grain and copper cash were issued to relieve the hungry of six departments and counties, Gu'an among them. On jisi, local bandits in Yunnan took Langqiong. On gengwu, government troops of Jiangnan attacked Gaochun and took it. On guiyou, government troops in Anhui recovered Wuwei Department. On dingchou, Wenqing and others presented Mengbao's translation of the Extended Meaning of the Great Learning; it was ordered collated, printed and issued. On renwu, the Black Fan tribes of Xining made trouble, and the Provincial Commander Suowen suppressed them. Yi Tang was relieved of office for illness; Lebin was made Governor-General of Shaan-Gan, Youfeng General of Chengdu, and Dongchun General of Fuzhou. Edit
Winter, the tenth month, on bingxu, the rebels in Guizhou took Taigong and Huangping. On gengyin, Guanwen suppressed the outlaws of Xiangyang and put them down. On jiawu, Yinggui and Qin Dingsan were ordered to join in suppressing the Nian bandits of the Guo River and Mengcheng. On dingyou, government troops in Anhui recovered He Department. Hui bandits at Dali in Yunnan killed the officials and held the city. On renyin, the rebels of Xiangfan attacked Deng Department. The rebels in Henan moved from Xiayi to raid Xuzhou. On jiachen, government troops in Zhejiang recovered Xiuning again. The former Governor Zhang Fu was given the rank of a minister of the third grade. On dingwei, the troops of the Youjiang brigade headquarters in Guangxi mutinied, and Lao Chongguang put them down. On renzi, He Guiqing reported that the Zhejiang army had advanced and taken Yi County, and that Huizhou had been cleared. Shao Can reported that government troops had driven off the Nian bandits and that the siege of Xuzhou had been lifted. Changqing was made General of Ili. Edit
The eleventh month, on the first day, yimao, the Veritable Records of Xuanzong were completed. Peng Yunzhang was made Grand Secretary, Weng Xincun Assistant Grand Secretary, Xu Naipu Minister of Works, and Zhu Zun Left Censor-in-Chief. On xinyou, government troops in Yunnan recovered Yao Department. On yichou, Wenchang was raised into the middle rank of sacrifices. Zheng Kuishi was ordered to move his army to join Yinggui against the Nian bandits, and Qin Dingsan to join Fuji against the Anhui bandits. On bingyin, Shengbao was ordered to the camp in Anhui. On xinwei, the Grand Secretary Wenqing died. The British in Guangdong picked a quarrel over the search of a ship and fired cannon on the city. The gentry militia struck back in anger and killed several hundred of them. Ye Mingchen was ordered to deal with it as occasion served. On renshen, Baijun was made Grand Councillor. On yihai, the rebels in Jiangxi took Fuzhou. On wuyin, Liu Changyou, a circuit intendant of the Hunan army, recovered Yuanzhou and Fenyi in Jiangxi one after the other; he was given the rank of Judicial Commissioner and his parents honours of the third grade, and the Governor Luo Bingzhang was given a peacock feather. Yinggui reported breaking the rebels' nest at Zhiheji. On gengchen, the emperor went to the house of the Grand Secretary Wenqing to offer libations. On renwu, Hu Linyi recovered Wuchang, and on guiwei Guanwen recovered Hanyang; both were praised by edict. The Guizhou army took Duyun. Edit
The twelfth month, on yiyou, government troops in Hubei took Laohekou. On bingxu, the emperor prayed for snow. On wuzi, Huafeng, Prince Su of the First Rank, was made Chamberlain of the Imperial Guard. On jichou, an edict said: "Hubei has been held by the rebels again and again, and the common people who have survived the fires of war bear wounds that move Our pity. Now that Wuchang and Hanyang have been recovered, the people's suffering must be relieved at once. Let it be quickly deliberated and reported which taxes are to be remitted and which deferred, and how the stricken people are to be relieved." Government troops in Hubei recovered Wuchang County and the prefectural city of Huangzhou one after the other. On jiawu, Hu Linyi memorialised on the military and civil government of Hubei. An edict said: "Since you truly see what is needed, you should carry it out with all your strength." On bingshen, Guanwen reported suppressing the local bandits of Suizhou and capturing their chief. He went on to report that government troops had recovered Xingguo, Daye, Qishui, Qizhou and Guangji one after another. On xinchou, government troops of Anhui and Zhejiang recovered Ningguo, and He Guiqing was given a peacock feather. On guimao, because the Hunan troops had wiped out the rebels at Chongyang and Tongcheng in Hubei, the expectant circuit intendant Wang Zhen was given the rank of Judicial Commissioner. On jiachen, Guanwen reported that government troops had burned rebel boats at Jiujiang. An edict told Zeng Guofan to rouse his officers and men and come out from the lake into the Yangzi, so that they could attack together. On wushen, government troops in Shandong killed the Nian chief Wang Fangyun. Government troops in Hubei recovered Huangmei. On jiyou, Guiliang was made Grand Secretary and Baijun Assistant Grand Secretary. Tan Tingxiang was made Governor-General of Zhili, and Zeng Wangyan Governor of Shaanxi. On renzi, the combined sacrifice was offered at the Ancestral Temple. Edit
In this year, the fixed taxes of one hundred and sixty-five departments and counties in Zhili, Jiangsu, Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Hunan, Guizhou and other provinces, struck by disaster or by the rebels, were remitted, and the salt dues of six salt works in Jiangsu were also remitted, each in varying degree. Korea sent tribute. Edit
Seventh year, dingsi, spring, the first month, on gengwu, Yiliang reported that Fu Zhenbang had recovered Gaochun and that Zhang Guoliang had advanced to take Jurong. He Guiqing reported that Zhejiang was sending aid against the rebels, defending its own territory within and protecting its neighbours without. An edict praised him. Quanqing was transferred to be Minister of War, Wencai Minister of Works, and Sushun Left Censor-in-Chief. The local bandits of Taiping Prefecture in Guangxi were put down. On bingzi, Xiling'a and Chong'an were recalled to the capital. Shengbao was given the rank of Deputy Lieutenant-General to assist with the suppression of the bandits. Wang Luqian went home, and Li Jun was ordered to take over the river defence. On jimao, Ye Mingchen reported a victory in defending against and attacking the British. An edict said: "Keeping the foreigners in check is not like the interior. The earlier affair at Dinghai may serve as a warning. You must handle them well, holding them in and letting them go as fits the case, and leave nothing to regret; We will not direct you from afar. Let the governors-general and governors of Jiangsu, Zhili, Fujian and Zhejiang be informed." Edit
The second month, on yiyou, Zeng Guofan reported recovering Jianchang. On bingxu, the emperor attended the Classics Mat lectures. On xinmao, government troops in Hubei recovered Yichang. On jiawu, Hui bandits at Binchuan in Yunnan rose in revolt. On jiachen, the rebels in Hubei took Yuan'an and Jingmen; government troops drove them off. On dingwei, the rebels in Anhui moved upriver to attack Huangmei, and Duxing'a defeated them. The bandits in Anhui took Lu'an. On renzi, Yinggui and Shengbao reported that they had attacked the Nian bandits, retaken Wulongji, and were advancing on Gushi. Edit
The third month, on the first day, guisi, Zeng Guofan's father died; he was given leave for the funeral, and Yang Zaifu was ordered to command the river fleet for the time being, with Peng Yulin as his deputy. On bingchen, Tang Xunfang and Bayang'a of the Hubei government troops attacked the outlaws of Nanzhang and defeated them, and the rebel chief Liu Shangyi surrendered. Xiaoshun, Provincial Commander of Guizhou, saw his troops break at Duyun and died there. On jiwei, the rebels of Xiangfan took Neixiang in Henan; government troops attacked and recovered it. An edict to Yiliang said: "Find out in secret whether Zhang Guoliang is at odds with Hechun. A commander in the army depends entirely on winning men's hearts; if he does not know how to handle them, so that his ablest generals will not exert themselves, the harm done will be no small matter." On guihai, the emperor ploughed the sacred field. On dingmao, Qiling was made Governor of Jiangxi. On gengwu, in reward for the recovery of Wuchang and Hanyang, the Colonel Duolong'a was to be employed as a Deputy Lieutenant-General. On xinwei, Hengchun reported that the Hui bandits were raiding and that he was short of commanders, and asked that Wang Guocai, Brigade General of Yunyang, be sent to Yunnan to help suppress them; this was approved. On renshen, government troops in Jiangxi attacked Jingdezhen without success; the First Captain Bi Jinke fell in battle, and Liu Changyou was defeated again at Xinyu. On xinsi, local bandits at Heng Department in Guangxi made trouble, and government troops from Guangdong suppressed them. Ye Mingchen reported that the British ships had withdrawn from the river at the provincial capital. An edict said: "In any case this quarrel must be laid to rest; it must not be allowed to grow into trouble on the frontier." Edit
Summer, the fourth month, on jiashen, Hengchun reported that the Hui bandits of western Yunnan had surrendered. Delekeduo'erji reported that Russia asked to send an envoy to the capital; an edict refused it. On dinghai, the rebels in Jiangxi moved into Fujian and took Shaowu and Guangze. On guisi, Yiliang was relieved of office for illness, and He Guiqing was made Governor-General of Liangjiang. On yiwei, the rebels in Guizhou took Yongcong. On dingyou, Liu Changyou, of the Hunan relief army, took Xinyu in Jiangxi. Edit
The fifth month, on bingchen, Saying'a died, and Liu Zheng was made acting General of Xi'an. Government troops of Hubei recovered Fengxin, Jing'an and Anyi in Jiangxi. On guihai, Li Mengqun reported that he had gone to the relief of Luzhou and recovered Yingshan. The rebels in Fujian took Tingzhou. On bingzi, Delekeduo'erji reported that a Russian envoy was coming to the capital by way of Tianjin; Tan Tingxiang was ordered to keep him in hand. Edit
The intercalary fifth month, on jiashen, Hechun reported recovering Lishui. On yiyou, Zeng Guofan memorialised asking to complete the full period of mourning; a kind edict kept him, and still ordered him to hasten to Jiangxi to take command. On gengyin, Hui bandits at Wuding Department in Yunnan made trouble, and government troops suppressed them. Li Mengqun reported defeating rebels who had come from Huoqiu; an edict praised him. On dingyou, Shengbao attacked Zhengyang Pass without success; the circuit intendant Jin Guangzhu died there and was posthumously made Financial Commissioner. On gengzi, the Russians came with troops to Hailanpao, built camps and set up cannon, and demanded trade. Yishan was ordered to refuse them. On xinchou, He Guiqing memorialised asking that the prefect Wen Shaoyuan be restored to office to direct the village militia of Liuhe. An edict said that the troops of Jilin and Heilongjiang had long toiled away from home, and should be withdrawn as seemed fit. On renyin, Qingying reported that Khokand had conspired with the Hui bandits and seized the city of Yengisar, and that he was gathering troops to suppress them. Zhang Guoliang was made Provincial Commander of Hunan. On guimao, government troops in Fujian recovered Guangze and Tingzhou; the rebels who had held them broke out toward Liancheng and were defeated. Edit
The sixth month, on renzi, Shuxing'a was recalled to the capital, and Sang Chunrong was made Governor of Yunnan. On guichou, government troops in Fujian recovered Shaowu. On yimao, government troops of Jiangnan recovered Jurong; Hechun was given the title of Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, and Zhang Guoliang a yellow riding jacket. On xinyou, Wang Zhen went to the relief of Ji'an in Jiangxi and won battle after battle, and was given the title of baturu. On dingmao, the local bandits of Nanyang in Henan were put down. On guiyou, government troops in Fujian recovered Taining and Jianning. The Russians came to Tianjin to deliver a letter of state, and Wenqian was ordered to turn them away. The Yongding River broke its banks. On yihai, Hui bandits in Yunnan attacked the provincial capital, and Hengchun took his own life. When this was reported, Wu Zhenyu was transferred to be Governor-General of Yun-Gui, Wang Qingyun was made Governor-General of Sichuan, and Hengfu Governor of Shanxi. On bingzi, government troops in Jiangxi recovered Longquan. On wuyin, Xu Naizhao was ordered to assist with military affairs in Jiangnan, and Zhang Liangji was given the rank of the fifth grade to assist with the suppression of the bandits in Yunnan. Edit
Autumn, the seventh month, on yiyou, Li Mengqun reported recovering Huoshan. On jichou, government troops in Henan recovered Deng Department. On guisi, Yishan was ordered to meet the Russian envoy to survey and fix the boundary along both banks of the Heilong River. On jiawu, government troops in Guizhou recovered Jinping. Government troops in Hubei won a great victory in their attack on Huangmei; the Brigade General Wang Guocai fought hard and fell in battle, and was posthumously made a Provincial Commander and given compensation and a shrine. On jiachen, Duxing'a was ordered to assist with Guanwen's military affairs. Edit
The eighth month, on the first day, jiyou, there was an eclipse of the sun. On renzi, government troops in Fujian recovered Ninghua. On guichou, government troops in Jiangxi recovered Ruizhou. On dingchou, Fafuli reported recovering the Muslim city of Yengisar and lifting the siege of its Han city. On wuyin, Guanwen and Hu Linyi reported that the whole of Hubei had been cleared. An edict said: "Hu Linyi has in person led his men to take the rebels' walled post at Xiaochikou; let him ride on this fame and might to recover Jiujiang, and so put new life into the whole campaign." Before this, Linyi had memorialised in secret that to hold Hubei and recover Jinling, the only way was first to take Jiujiang and then to recover Anqing, for only then would the key be in hand; so an open edict followed his plan. Edit
The ninth month, on gengchen, Wang Zhen, a circuit intendant of Hunan sent to aid Jiangxi, died with the army and was posthumously made Financial Commissioner. On renwu, Shengbao reported recovering Zhengyang Pass, and also reported that Miao Peilin, a licentiate of Fengtai, was using the militia as a cover to gather a following. An edict said: "This is just the time to show him no suspicion, and so dispel any thought he has of turning against us." On bingxu, Fafuli reported recovering the Muslim city of Kashgar. On gengyin, the rebels from Hubei took Shucheng. The Nian bandits in Henan took Nanyang. On bingshen, government troops in Jiangxi recovered Dongxiang. On dingwei, government troops of Hunan sent to aid Guizhou recovered Liping. Edit
Winter, the tenth month, on the first day, wushen, Guanwen and Hu Linyi reported that Li Xubin and others had advanced together by water and by land and taken the county city of Hukou in Jiangxi. Shengbao and Yuan Jiasan reported that the Brigade Generals Zhu Liantai, Shi Rongchun and others had attacked the Nian bandits and levelled the rebels' nest at Hanwei. Jiang Weiyuan and Tong Panmei reported that they had suppressed the Miao bandits and the sect bandits, beheading and capturing many, and that the rebels at Duyun had withdrawn. Government troops in Henan defeated the rebels at Nanzhao and advanced against the remaining bandits of Yu Department and Biyang. On jiwei, Li Mengqun attacked the Nian bandits at Dushan without success, and his troops broke. On yichou, Li Xubin and others of the Hubei relief army took Pengze. Government troops in Guangxi recovered Nanning. On wuchen, Hu Linyi memorialised on the long-standing abuses in the tribute grain and asked to change the rules for collecting it, so as to supply the army's needs; this was approved. On gengwu, rebels from Henan came in through Wusheng Pass and made straight for Shangnan; government troops of Shaanxi drove them off. On jiaxu, Yang Zaifu was made Provincial Commander of the land forces of Fujian. Li Xubin was made Financial Commissioner of Zhejiang. Edit
The eleventh month, on the first day, wuyin, Yinggui reported that Delengtai had defeated the rebels at Lushi, and Qiu Lian'en at Xichuan. The rebels in Anhui took He Department and Huoshan. Yang Zaifu recovered Wangjiang, Dongliu and Tongling. On yiyou, Luo Bingzhang reported that Jiang Yili and Jiang Zhongjun, aiding against the rebels in Guangxi, had won battle after battle and advanced to besiege Pingle. On wuzi, Hu Linyi recommended the commoners Wan Huquan, Song Ding, Zou Jinsu and others. On jiawu, the Gurkhas sent a memorial professing their loyalty, and precious things were bestowed on them. On bingshen, Dexing'a and others reported recovering Guazhou. An edict praised and encouraged them; Dexing'a was given a double-eyed peacock feather and the hereditary rank of Commandant of Cavalry, Weng Tongshu was to be employed as a vice minister, and Ju Dianhua was given the rank of Provincial Commander. On wuxu, Hechun reported that he and Zhang Guoliang had recovered Zhenjiang; Hechun was given a double-eyed peacock feather and the hereditary rank of Commandant of Light Chariots, Zhang Guoliang the hereditary rank of Commandant of Cavalry, and He Guiqing the title of Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent. On gengzi, Yinggui reported defeating the rebels at Ruzhou; western Henan was cleared. On xinchou, the breach in the Yongding River was closed. Edit
The twelfth month, on xinhai, Qiling reported that Zeng Guoquan had taken Jishui. Luo Bingzhang and Lao Chongguang reported jointly that government troops had taken Pingle. The rebels in Guangxi took Qingyuan. On bingchen, Shengbao, the Deputy Lieutenant-General directing the suppression of the bandits in three provinces, memorialised asking that the Anhui troops all be put under his command. An edict said: "Shengbao is brave enough; if he could calm his rashness and curb his arrogance, he might make a useful man. What need is there for him to press such requests of his own accord?" On gengshen, the British entered the provincial capital of Guangdong and carried off the Governor-General Ye Mingchen. An edict stripped Mingchen of office; Huang Zonghan was made Governor-General of Liangguang, with Baigui acting in the post. On yihai, Li Mengqun reported that the Guangdong rebels and the Nian had joined forces and were moving east, pressing close to Shangcheng and Gushi. Shengbao was ordered to guard against them closely. On bingzi, the combined sacrifice was offered at the Ancestral Temple. Edit
In this year, the fixed taxes of two hundred and thirty-five subprefectures, departments, counties and garrisons in Zhili, Jiangsu, Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi, Hunan, Guangxi and other provinces, and of four native counties in Guangxi, struck by disaster or by the rebels, were remitted in varying degree. Korea and Ryukyu sent tribute. Edit
Eighth year, wuwu, spring, the first month, on jimao, Tong Panmei was dismissed, and Jiang Yulong was made Provincial Commander of Guizhou. On bingxu, Wang Yide was ordered to prepare the coastal defences. On gengyin, government troops in Jiangxi recovered Linjiang. Edit
The second month, on gengwu, government troops took Moling Pass and advanced to besiege Jinling; Hechun was given the title of Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent and Zhang Guoliang a double-eyed peacock feather, and the Brigade General Hu Kunyuan, killed in battle, was generously compensated with a hereditary rank. Edit
The third month, on the first day, dingchou, Shengbao reported a victory over the rebels and the lifting of the siege of Gushi. An edict praised him. On wuyin, Russian ships came to Tianjin. Tan Tingxiang was ordered to guard against and block them. On guiwei, government troops north of the Yangzi took Jiangpu, and the circuit intendant Wen Shaoyuan was restored to office. On gengyin, Fuji reported recovering He Department. The rebels in Guizhou took Duyun, and the former Provincial Commander Tong Panmei died there. Edit
Summer, the fourth month, on the first day, bingwu, Tan Tingxiang reported that the Russians were not keeping the old treaty of Xing'an and were asking for the Ussuri and Suifen Rivers as the border, and that their envoy still asked to come to the capital. An edict said: "High officials have already been sent to survey the boundary together with them, and the envoy may not enter the capital out of due time; refuse him." On dingwei, the rebels from Jiangxi moved into Fujian and took Zhenghe and Songxi. On wushen, the Russians asked to travel back and forth by land, and the British and French asked to come to the capital once every few years; an edict refused. Shengbao reported that the Nian chief Li Zhaoshou begged to surrender; this was allowed. On jiyou, the rebels in Anhui took Macheng, and another band took Mengcheng, Bozhou, Huaiyuan and Suzhou; an edict ordered Yuan Jiasan to suppress them. An edict allowed the Russians to trade but not to come to the capital. On gengxu, the rebels took He Department. Hui bandits from Dali in Yunnan took Shunning. On wushen, an edict ordered Tan Tingxiang to tell the British and French that duties would be lowered and markets added, and that their coming to the capital would be discussed again only when the Guangdong affair was settled. On gengxu, the rebels from Jiangxi took Changshan and Kaihua; the Brigade General Zhou Tianshou was given the rank of Provincial Commander and put in sole charge of the defence of Zhejiang, and the circuit intendant Rao Tingxuan was to defend Quzhou. On xinhai, Tan Tingxiang presented a letter of state from the United States; an edict allowed the duties to be lowered and ports added, but still did not allow them to enter the capital. On yimao, British and French warships entered Dagu, and the government troops fell back. Senggelinqin was ordered to make troops ready at Tongzhou. On wuwu, government troops in Jiangxi recovered Yudu, Le'an, Chonghua and Yihuang. On xinyou, the British and French ships reached the pass at Tianjin. The Grand Secretary Guiliang and the Minister Huashana were ordered to go and handle the foreign affairs. The rebels from Jiangxi moved into Zhejiang and took Chuzhou and Yongkang. On renxu, government troops of Hubei took Jiujiang; Guanwen and Hu Linyi were given the title of Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, and Li Xubin the rank of governor. On yichou, the British and French troops withdrew to Sanchahe, and together with the Russians and Americans sent a note saying that the ministers who were to negotiate must have full powers to act as they saw fit before talks could begin. Guiliang and others reported this, and an edict allowed them to act as they saw fit. On bingyin, Senggelinqin was ordered to wear the seal of an Imperial Commissioner and direct the defence. On wuchen, Shengbao reported recovering Lu'an. On yisi, the army camps of every province were ordered to select and train cavalry. On gengwu, Hechun was ordered to take charge of military affairs in Zhejiang as well. The British ships sailed out of Dagu. Guiliang and others reported the terms of the British treaty: trade at Zhenjiang and Hankou, steamers on the Yangzi, consuls set up at places of their choosing, and an envoy of their state residing at the capital. After a long while the emperor agreed. Edit
The fifth month, on bingzi, the Anhui bandits took Huang'an in Hubei. Guiliang and Huashana reported that the British envoy was pressing hard for a treaty and would not see Qiying. Qiying asked to return to the capital; an edict forbade it. On wuyin, the Nian bandits took Huaiyuan. On jimao, Yishan memorialised asking that the empty land on the left bank of the Heilong River be ceded to the Russians. On jiashen, Guiliang and others reported that Russia had agreed to mediate, and that they had first allowed the Russians to travel by land. On dinghai, the ministers of the court were ordered to meet and deliberate on peace and war, choosing the lesser of the two evils. On wuzi, Guiliang and others reported that the British said we were only playing for time, and would drop talk of peace and go to war. The Grand Secretary Yucheng died, and the emperor went in person to offer libations. On gengyin, Guiliang and others presented the fifty-one articles of the treaties agreed with Britain and France, and asked to settle the Russian and American treaties first. On renchen, government troops in Hubei recovered Huang'an and Macheng. Government troops in Fujian recovered Guangze. Government troops of Guangdong recovered Wuzhou in Guangxi. Qiling was ordered to send orders calling up the armies of Xiao Qijiang, Zhang Yunlan and Wang Kaihua to advance from Qimen to the aid of Zhejiang. On guisi, Qiying, having returned to the capital without leave, was ordered to take his own life. The Grand Mentor Du E died, and the emperor went in person to offer libations. On yiwei, Zeng Guofan was ordered to manage military affairs in Zhejiang. On dingyou, Guiliang and Huashana presented the treaties with the four states of Russia, the United States, Britain and France. An edict said: "Since the seal has already been put to them, and We have now endorsed them in vermilion as proposed, the four states should be shown that matters will be handled accordingly. As for the tariff for trade, it is to be discussed at Shanghai." On gengzi, government troops north of the Yangzi recovered Jiangpu and Lai'an. On jiachen, the foreign ships all withdrew from the inland waters. Kuang Yuan, Vice Minister of Personnel, and Wenxiang, Sub-chancellor of the Grand Secretariat, were ordered to serve among the Grand Councillors. Edit
The sixth month, on jiyou, Guiliang, Huashana, the Vice Minister Jipu and Mingshan, Chief Minister of the Imperial Armoury, were ordered to go to Jiangsu to negotiate the tariff for trade. Government troops in Jiangxi recovered Xincheng and Jinxi. On guichou, bandits in Fujian took Jianning. Fuxing was dismissed, and Zhou Tianshou was to lead his army to the aid of Fujian. Sang Chunrong was recalled to the capital, and Zhang Liangji was made Governor of Yunnan. On jiayin, the Guangxi army recovered Xiang Department. On dingsi, the rebels in Zhejiang took Shouchang, and government troops soon recovered it. Fuji, for failing in his duties, was stripped of his palace title and relieved of office. Weng Tongshu was made Governor of Anhui. On gengshen, the losses at Tianjin were judged: Tan Tingxiang was relieved of office, and the Provincial Commander Zhang Dianyuan was sent into exile on the frontier. Qingqi was made Governor-General of Zhili, and Yuming General of Shengjing. On dingmao, the Fujian circuit intendant Zhao Yinchuan died suppressing the bandits. Government troops in Zhejiang recovered Changshan and Kaihua. The relief army from Jiangxi recovered Wuyi, Yongkang and Quzhou in Zhejiang, and the siege of Shaoxing was lifted and the alarm ended. Ruilin asked for funds to build camps, ramparts and forts at Tianjin; this was sent to Senggelinqin to handle. On xinwei, the Russians asked that the provision of sheep at the post stations be stopped; an edict told the Amban at Kulun to refuse them on the strength of the old practice. On renshen, Duan Chengshi, a Vice Director in the Ministry of Justice, was given the rank of a minister of the fifth grade to assist in negotiating the tariff. Zeng Guofan reported that he had landed at Jiujiang to go to Zhejiang; an edict praised and encouraged him. The Zhejiang army recovered Jinyun. Edit
Autumn, the seventh month, on the first day, jiaxu, Yishan and Jingchun reported that the Russians had forced their way past the mouth of the Heihe, wanting to enter the Songhua River, and had built houses and set up cannon on the Ussuri. An edict ordered the boundaries of Jilin and Heilongjiang surveyed and the Russians refused on the grounds of right. On yihai, Li Mengqun was made acting Governor of Anhui. On dingchou, at Fafuli's request, the Commandant at Kashgar (lingdui dachen) was raised to Superintendent (banshi dachen). Zhou Tianshou attacked and recovered Chuzhou in Zhejiang and moved his army to Fujian. On guiwei, an edict told Zeng Guofan that, since Quzhou and Yanzhou had been cleared, he was to go to the aid of Fujian instead. On yiyou, Yang Zaifu recovered Jiande in Anhui. On guisi, Hu Linyi, Governor of Hubei, lost his mother; an edict ordered him to observe the mourning while in office, and gave him leave and silver for the funeral. On bingshen, the rebels took Luzhou; Li Mengqun was stripped of office but kept with the army, Shengbao was made Imperial Commissioner to direct military affairs in Anhui, and Yuan Jiasan was to help suppress the Nian bandits of the three provinces. On dingyou, the Fujian army recovered Jianyang and Guangze, and the rebels took Ninghua. On gengzi, Yan Duanshu was recalled to the capital, and Hu Xingren was made Governor of Zhejiang. On renyin, Zhang Fu's army recovered Longquan, and he was given a peacock feather. Edit
The eighth month, on the first day, guimao, the Tianjin navy was set up again. On jiachen, the Fujian army recovered Zhenghe and Songxi. Shengbao reported that Chen Yucheng, the false Prince Ying of the long-haired rebels, had moved to Dianbu and Liangyuan and was making straight for Dingyuan. On gengxu, Li Dingtai attacked the rebels at Yushan, defeated them and lifted its siege. On xinhai, Jiang Yili's relief army recovered Qingyuan in Guangxi, and he was promoted to Judicial Commissioner. On bingchen, Zhou Tianshou, aiding Fujian, recovered Pucheng and went on to take Ninghua. The Nian bandits took Feng County. On xinyou, the Nian bandits moved into Shandong and took Shan County. Yinggui was transferred to be Governor of Shanxi, and Hengfu Governor of Henan. On yichou, government troops recovered Feng County. The Nian bandits took Cao County, which was soon recovered. He Guiqing asked to use the surplus of the maritime customs for the army's pay; this was allowed. On renshen, the army north of the Yangzi suffered a setback at Pukou; Dexing'a and Ju Dianhua were stripped of office. Hechun reported: "After the setback at Pukou, I have sent the troops aiding Zhejiang in all haste straight to Liuhe. I hear that the rebels moving back from Fujian mean to go by Ningguo and Taiping to the relief of Jinling. Plainly the rebels in the city are hard pressed by the siege and have ordered their followers to raid everywhere so as to divide our forces. I ask that each army be ordered to fight the rebels on its own front, and not let the whole campaign be pulled out of place." The emperor approved. Edit
The ninth month, on the first day, guiyou, Duolong'a of the Hubei government troops recovered Taihu. On yihai, an edict said: "Tianchang and Yizheng have fallen one after the other, and Liuhe is in danger; though Wen Shaoyuan has always had the hearts of the people, it is feared that he cannot hold out much longer. Let Zhou Tianpei's army be sent at once to aid Liuhe, and De'an's army go in support." On xinsi, Guanwen and Hu Linyi reported that Li Xubin and Duxing'a, advancing by separate routes, had recovered Tongcheng and Qianshan, that Duolong'a had attacked Shipai, and that Bao Chao had attacked Leigongbu hard, all with success. An edict ordered them to link up with the river fleet and advance on Anqing. Government troops of Hunan recovered Ji'an; the Subprefect Zeng Guoquan and others were promoted and rewarded in varying degree. On renwu, Mingyi reported that the Russian case had been settled, documents exchanged, and trade opened. The rebels took Yangzhou, and Dexing'a was stripped of his hereditary rank. Baijun and Weng Xincun were made Grand Secretaries, and Guanwen and Zhou Zupei Assistant Grand Secretaries. Ruilin was transferred to be Minister of Revenue, Sushun Minister of Rites, Zhu Fengbiao Minister of Revenue, Chen Fu'en Minister of War, Ruichang President of the Court of Colonial Affairs, and Miansen Left Censor-in-Chief. The Brigade Generals Mao Sanyuan and Chengming were ordered to assist with Dexing'a's military affairs. On jiawu, Zhang Guoliang took Yangzhou and went on to recover Yizheng. Qingduan reported taking Shaowu; Fujian was cleared. On wuxu, Mianxun, General of Jingzhou, died; Duxing'a was transferred to be General of Jingzhou, Hechun General of Jiangning, and Zhang Guoliang Provincial Commander of Jiangnan. On jihai, the rebels took Liuhe, and the magistrate Wen Shaoyuan died there. Shaoyuan had held the endangered city alone for several years through more than a hundred battles, until his strength was spent and it fell. The emperor mourned him with regret, made him posthumously Financial Commissioner, compensated him generously, and gave him a shrine and a posthumous name. Edit
Winter, the tenth month, on the first day, guimao, local bandits at Ninghai in Zhejiang made trouble, and the Provincial Commander Alinbao suppressed them. On yisi, Shengbao reported recovering Tianchang, in which Li Zhaoshou had served well. An edict said: "Li Zhaoshou is given the name Li Shizhong, the rank of the third grade and a peacock feather, and is to fill a vacancy as Assistant Regional Commander." On jiyou, the Censor Meng Chuanjin impeached the provincial graduate Pingling because his vermilion and black copies did not match; Zaiyuan and Duanhua were sent to investigate it thoroughly. On dingsi, Senggelinqin reported that the work on the Tianjin forts was finished. The emperor praised him and gave him a robe of his own. On jiwei, government troops of Jiangnan recovered Lishui. On renxu, Li Xubin was ordered to help Shengbao manage military affairs in Anhui. On wuchen, an edict said that the chief and associate examiners of this year's provincial examination had been absurd in the extreme: among the papers set for re-examination, as many as fifty called for judgment. The chief examiner Baijun was to be stripped of office first, and the deputy examiners Zhu Fengbiao and Cheng Tinggui relieved of office for the time being to await investigation. Yiren, Prince Zhuang of the First Rank, was ordered to serve on probation among the Ministers of the Presence. Edit
The eleventh month, on the first day, renshen, the Jilin cavalry were moved to strengthen Yuan Jiasan's army. On yihai, Yuan Jiasan asked to levy lijin in the three eastern prefectures of Shandong to help with the army's pay; this was allowed. On jimao, Xu Zechun died; Zhu Zun was made Minister of Rites and Zhang Xianghe Left Censor-in-Chief. On yiyou, the armies aiding Fujian and Zhejiang recovered Pucheng and Shunchang, and Zhou Tianpei was given the rank of Provincial Commander. On bingxu, Hengfu reported a great victory of the government troops over the Nian, and that Henan had been cleared; the Brigade General Fu Zhenbang was promoted to Provincial Commander, and the Compiler Yuan Baoheng was given the title of baturu. On dingyou, the Duplicate Archive of the Grand Secretariat was robbed. On jihai, Wu Zhenyu was relieved of office for illness; Zhang Liangji was made Governor-General of Yun-Gui, and Xu Zhiming Governor of Yunnan. On gengzi, the Provincial Commander Deng Shaoliang, killed in battle, was generously compensated and given a shrine. Edit
The twelfth month, on dingwei, Lu Xiufu, Chancellor of the Song, was given a place in the Temple of Confucius as a secondary honoree. On gengchen, the Provincial Commander Li Chaobin recovered Dongliu and Jiande in Anhui and was given the title of baturu. Fan Xie, Brigade General of Yongzhou, was impeached and dismissed for riding in a sedan chair. On bingchen, Zheng Kuishi was made Provincial Commander of Zhejiang to direct military affairs at Ningguo. On jiwei, Li Xubin, advancing into Anhui, was defeated at Sanheji and died there; he was posthumously made a governor-general and given a shrine and a posthumous name. The Subprefect Zeng Guohua was posthumously made a circuit intendant and given a posthumous name. On dingmao, He Guiqing was made Imperial Commissioner to manage trade affairs. Zhao Dezhe was dismissed, and Xu Youren was made Governor of Jiangsu. On gengwu, Ruilin was made Grand Secretary; Sushun was transferred to be Minister of Revenue, Linkui Minister of Rites, and Ruichang Minister of Justice. The combined sacrifice was offered at the Ancestral Temple. Edit
In this year, the fixed taxes of ninety-two subprefectures, departments and counties in Zhili, Anhui, Fujian, Hubei, Guizhou and other provinces, struck by disaster or by the rebels, were remitted, and the salt dues of six salt works in Jiangsu were also remitted, each in varying degree. Korea and Ryukyu sent tribute. Edit
Ninth year, jiwei, spring, the first month, on the first day, renshen, Guiliang and others reported that the British, citing trouble in Guangdong, had broken off the talks and gone back to Guangdong. On yihai, Yuan Jiasan was recalled to the capital; Fu Zhenbang was to direct the suppression of the Nian bandits of the three provinces, with Yixing'a as his deputy. On renwu, government troops in Jiangxi recovered Ruijin and lifted the siege of Anyuan; another band of rebels took Nan'an. Guiliang and others reported on four points of the peace treaty. They were ordered to wait until the British envoy returned to Shanghai and then discuss them properly. On gengyin, the Fujian bandit Zhou Hongxi and others surrendered, and Liancheng was thus recovered. On yiwei, government troops in Anhui recovered Jiande. On dingyou, Hubei was ordered to buy horses and train cavalry. On wuxu, Guiliang and others reported that the British envoy insisted on coming to the capital. Senggelinqin was ordered to guard the river mouths closely. On xinchou, Duxing'a asked for leave, and Duolong'a took over command of his army. An edict ordered the grain ships going by sea to watch for and keep clear of the foreign steamers. Edit
The second month, on dingwei, the Nian bandit Xue Zhiyuan surrendered with Jiangpu and joined Li Shizhong in taking Pukou; he was given the name Xue Chengliang, a peacock feather and the rank of the third grade, and Li Shizhong was promoted to Regional Vice Commander. On guichou, forts were built along the coast of Fengtian. Zheng Kuishi took the rebel ramparts at Wanzhi and Huangchi. On jiayin, the emperor summoned the ministers of the court and proclaimed the crimes in the fraud at the examination of the wuwu year. As Zaiyuan and Duanhua had proposed, the chief examiner, the Grand Secretary Baijun, was found guilty because a man of his household had switched the slips on passed papers, and was beheaded. The associate examiner Pu'an, for having heeded a bribed request from Li Heling, and Luo Hongyi, for having passed by giving a bribe, were both beheaded. On yimao, Zhang Fu reported that government troops had taken Wuyuan, and that the rebel chief Zhang Congxiang and others begged to surrender. On dingsi, Weng Tongshu reported that the rebels had taken Lu'an. Qingqi died; Hengfu was made Governor-General of Zhili, and Yingqi Governor of Henan. On guihai, Zhang Guoliang reported taking Yangzhou and Yizheng and, turning his army back, taking Lishui as well. A special edict praised him and gave him the hereditary rank of Commandant of Light Chariots, and Li Ruozhu was given a yellow riding jacket. On yichou, Zeng Guofan reported that his army had reached Nankang and that Xiao Qijiang had recovered Nan'an. An edict praised them and gave Xiao Qijiang the title of baturu. An edict put the Compiler Li Hongzhang at Yixing'a's disposal for assignments. Edit
The third month, on the first day, xinwei, the troops of the former Financial Commissioner Li Mengqun broke at Guanting and he died there; he was restored to office and compensated. On jiaxu, Yishan and Jingchun reported that the Russians had gone straight to the Ussuri River and the Suifen River, chosen sites and built houses, and asked for a joint survey; an edict refused. On bingzi, the Nian bandits attacked Xihua and Wuyin in Henan, and the former Brigade General Qiu Lian'en died there; he was posthumously made a Provincial Commander and compensated. On dingchou, Guiliang and others reported that the British envoy's warships had gone north and would not heed attempts to stop them. On jimao, the headmen of Litang in Sichuan rose in revolt; Enqing put them down and executed their tribal chief Dengzhu. On jiashen, the emperor prayed for rain. On gengyin, because of the drought, he called for frank advice. On xinmao, Li Jun died, and Huang Zantang was made Director-General of the Eastern River. On yiwei, the Russians were allowed to trade in Heilongjiang free of duties, but not to intrude into the Ussuri and the Suifen. Edit
Summer, the fourth month, on the first day, xinchou, Shengbao reported recovering Lu'an. Yixing'a was relieved as assistant, and Guanbao was to assist with Fu Zhenbang's military affairs. On renyin, Wang Qingyun was transferred to be Governor-General of Liangguang, and Huang Zonghan Governor-General of Sichuan. Rebels from Jiangxi moved into Chenzhou and Guiyang in Hunan, and Liu Changyou drove them off. On guimao, Shengbao reported that the Nian bandit Zhang Yuanlong had surrendered, and that the prefectural and county cities of Fengyang had been recovered, and Linhuai Pass as well. The Ninghe forts were built. On wushen, local bandits at Yuyao in Zhejiang rose in revolt and were put down. On jiayin, the Russian envoy Saishan came by land from Chahar into the capital and asked leave to help with guns and cannon, to be delivered at Kyakhta. On bingchen, the emperor prayed for rain again. On jiwei, Shao Can was relieved of office for illness, and Yuan Jiasan was made acting Director-General of Grain Transport. Lao Chongguang was transferred to be Governor of Guangdong and also acting Governor-General. The rebels took Tianchang, and the former Provincial Commander De'an died there; he was restored to office and compensated. On xinyou, Yishan reported that Russian ships had gone from the Heilong River into the Songhua River and then sailed east to the sea. An edict said they were not to enter the Suifen, and Tepuqin was ordered to send men to stop them. On renxu, Wang Yide was dismissed; Qingduan was made Governor-General of Min-Zhe, and Luo Zundian Governor of Fujian. On guihai, it rained. On yichou, Sun Jianai and others, one hundred and eighty men, were granted the jinshi degree in its several classes. On wuchen, government troops in Guangdong recovered Jiaying; the roving rebels raided Lianping and took Lechang. Edit
The fifth month, on bingzi, an edict told Luo Bingzhang to have Tian Xingshu go back to aid Guizhou after all, and to withdraw Zhaochen's army. On jimao, Yishan was ordered to correct the treaty with the Russians. On xinsi, Qingyun was ordered to look secretly into the Russians living at Zhangjiakou and Baicheng. On renwu, Zhou Tianshou was made to direct military affairs at Ningguo. On jiashen, the Russians asked to go to Sanxing to trade. An edict rebuked Yishan for weakness in his handling of affairs; the Deputy Lieutenant-General Jilaming'a was stripped of office and pilloried in the Ussuri region. On gengyin, Guanwen reported intelligence that Shi Dakai was about to attack Sichuan; an edict ordered Zeng Guofan to move his army to Kuizhou. On xinmao, Guiliang and Huashana reported that the British chief had weighed anchor on the thirteenth day of this month to go to the capital, and that they were hastening back to the capital by post-horse that same day. The Grand Secretary Weng Xincun asked to retire; this was allowed. Jia Zhen was again made Grand Secretary. Xu Naipu was transferred to be Minister of Personnel, Zhang Xianghe Minister of Works, and Shen Zhaolin Left Censor-in-Chief. On guisi, Luo Bingzhang reported that Shi Dakai had moved into Hunan, and that the armies of Liu Changyou, Jiang Zhongyi and Tian Xingshu had driven him off. On bingshen, Senggelinqin reported that British ships had fired their guns and forced their way into Dagu; our army opened fire on them and sank many ships. Infantry also landed to offer battle, and our men went straight at them and fought hard, killing several hundred, and their commander, surnamed He, was wounded by cannon fire. On our side the Provincial Commander Shi Rongchun, the Regional Vice Commander Long Ruyuan and others were killed or wounded. The foreign ships at once left the river mouth. An edict said: "The officers and men were of one heart and fought with extraordinary courage. Let them first be rewarded with five thousand taels of silver, and let their merits be checked and reported for reward." On wuxu, an edict said that though the foreigners had been punished, they should still be soothed and managed by whatever means served; Hengfu was sent to take sole charge of the conciliation, and Senggelinqin was still to manage the defence. Edit
The sixth month, on the first day, jihai, Senggelinqin was given a precious robe from the emperor's own wear. On gengzi, the Nian bandits took Xuyi, and government troops soon recovered it. On renyin, Tepuqin reported that the Russians at Sanxing were stubborn and would not turn back. Jingchun was ordered to go and deal with it. On guimao, government troops in Guangxi recovered Shanglin, and the bandits took Bin Department. On jiachen, Zhang Liangji reported that the Hui bandit Ma Linghan had been executed. On bingwu, Hengfu reported that the Americans were coming to the capital to exchange the treaty; this was allowed. On guisi, the British and French warships all sailed away. On gengshen, Li Ruozhu was made Provincial Commander of the land forces of Fujian. On xinyou, He Guiqing reported that the British and French were returning to Shanghai one after another. On yichou, Chen Yucheng took Dingyuan. On bingyin, Hechun reported a victory of the river fleet over the rebels. Edit
Autumn, the seventh month. On gengwu, Zeng Guofan reported the capture of Jingdezhen and the recovery of Fuliang. On wuyin, Shengbao reported how Weng Tongshu's force had been routed. An edict replied: "You are the commander-in-chief, yet you know only how to show off your own strengths and make no allowance for the failings of those who come to your aid. Wrangling day after day - what good can it do!" On jimao, the American envoy John E. Ward delivered his state letter; the peace treaty, sealed with the imperial seal, was exchanged at Beitang. On gengchen, an edict said: "We hear that Shengbao makes a specialty of inducing surrenders, yet those who have surrendered have not all shaved their heads, and Zhang Yuanlong is even foraging for grain on every side. He also reported the recovery of Xuyi, but that county has no city wall at all; the rebels left it because they had no grain, and he reported it falsely to claim merit. This time it will not be looked into deeply. Let him at once keep the unreliable in check and strive to correct his past errors. Let him take heed!" On guiwei, the Censor Zhao Yuanmo reported that the Yellow River had turned north, leaving three or four thousand qing of riverside fields dry, and asked that military farms be set up there, lodging soldiers among farmers, which would be better than militia. The emperor approved, and sent it to Yuan Jiasan and Gengchang to deliberate and report. On yiyou, an edict said: "The princes and ministers have further reported on the high official and his son found guilty of fraud in the examination hall, and on the functionaries who passed on secret marks, proposing a sentence for each. In this case Cheng Bingcai, after his father Cheng Tinggui had entered the examination hall, received secret marks and had a household servant pass them into the hall, and Cheng Tinggui did not report it. Cheng Bingcai is to be beheaded; Cheng Tinggui is spared death and sent into exile at the military relay stations. Xie Senchi, Pan Zutong, Pan Dunyan and the others are all spared death and exiled to Xinjiang." On jichou, Luo Bingzhang reported that Shi Dakai had besieged Baoqing, and Li Xuyi came to its aid and raised the siege at once. On guisi, Li Ruozhu was ordered to help direct military affairs in Jiangnan. Edit
The eighth month. On the first day, wuxu, Chong'en was dismissed, and Wenyu was made Governor of Shandong. On jihai, the emperor attended the Classics Mat lectures. On yisi, Hengqi was ordered to remain in Guangdong to manage trade. Shengbao reported that Li Shizhong had defeated the rebels and raised the sieges of Dingyuan and Chuzhou. An edict promoted Li Shizhong to Brigade General. Government troops in Guangdong recovered Lianshan and Kaijian. On gengxu, Zeng Guofan was ordered to station his army at Hukou. Duxing'a was ordered to take up his duties as General of Jiangning, and Duolong'a to take over command of his troops and direct affairs at the front. On jiayin, Jingchun reported that the Russian ships at Sanxing had now been ordered to turn back, but those on the Ussuri would not obey. An edict told him to take account of public feeling and handle the matter properly. On jiwei, the Americans asked to open trade first; since the British and French treaties were not yet settled, they were refused. On xinyou, Luo Bingzhang reported that Shi Dakai had gone south and taken Jianghua and Yongmen and was about to enter Guangxi, and that Liu Changyou had been ordered to lead troops in pursuit. An edict: Tian Xingshu's army was to go to the aid of Guizhou, and Li Xuyi's army to return to Hubei and await orders. On renxu, the long-haired rebels and the Nian bandits jointly attacked Shouzhou; government troops drove them off. The Censor Chen Qingsong reported that Chen Jingyan and other sons of high officials in the examination case had been allowed to buy off their punishment too quickly, and asked that they be exiled after all; a stern edict rebuked him. On jiazi, government troops in Guangdong recovered Lingshan. Edit
The ninth month. On wuchen, rebels in Anhui took Huoshan and Xuyi; Shengbao drove them off. Shengbao, in mourning for his mother, remained in camp overseeing the army. On jiaxu, Hu Xingren was dismissed, and Luo Zundian was transferred to be Governor of Zhejiang. On wuyin, Wang Qingyun was relieved because of illness, and Lao Chongguang was made Governor-General of Liangguang. On gengchen, Guanwen and Hu Linyi reported that Duolong'a had broken through at Shipai in Anhui, defeated a rebel relief force and captured the rebel leaders Huo Tianyan and Shi Tingyu; an edict commended them. On jichou, Fu Zhenbang reported that he had pursued and defeated the Nian bandits. On jiawu, Cao Shuzhong reported that Shi Dakai had besieged the provincial capital of Guangxi, and that Xiao Qijiang and Su Fengwen, joining Jiang Yili, had attacked by separate routes and defeated him, raising the siege at once. Edit
Winter, the tenth month. On the first day, dingyou, the seasonal sacrifice was offered at the Imperial Ancestral Temple, and the emperor went in person to perform the rites. Luo Bingzhang reported that refugees who escaped from among the rebels were being given passes sparing them from death and sent home with travel money, while those willing to serve were allowed to stay in the camps; an edict said every province might do the same. On wuxu, government troops in Yunnan recovered Songming and killed the rebel chief Sun Handing in battle. On gengzi, Zeng Wangyan was made acting Governor-General of Sichuan, and Tan Tingxiang acting Governor of Shaanxi. On xinchou, Yuan Jiasan was made Imperial Commissioner directing military affairs in Anhui. The Vice Minister Kuang Yuan and the Sub-Chancellor of the Grand Secretariat Wenxiang were made Grand Councillors. On guimao, the Nian bandits of Henan took Lanyi, besieged Kaocheng and Tongxu, harried Weishi, and split up to raid Zhili and Shandong. On wushen, the Brigade General Tian Zaitian was ordered to help Fu Zhenbang direct his military affairs. On yimao, Yuan Jiasan was appointed Director-General of Grain Transport. On bingchen, Shengbao recovered Huaiyuan. Government troops in Jiangsu failed in an attack at Luhe, and Li Ruozhu was stripped of office. On wuwu, the American envoy asked that Chaozhou and Taiwan be opened as treaty ports. On gengshen, government troops in Henan crushed the Nian bandits at Yanling, and the western route was cleared. On renxu, Mingyi was made General of Uliastai, Jinglian Imperial Councillor at Ili, and Chongshi Imperial Resident in Tibet. On yichou, Guanwen, Zeng Guofan and Hu Linyi were ordered to plan carefully an advance by four routes to recover Anhui. Edit
The eleventh month. On wuchen, the Yunnan bandits attacked Xuzhou; Wanfu was stripped of office, and Zaosheng was made Provincial Commander of Sichuan. On xinwei, He Guiqing reported having learned that Britain and France would certainly come to pick a quarrel next spring. Hengqi reported that British troops were still arriving in Guangdong. An edict told Senggelinqin to take extra care with the defence of Tianjin. On dingchou, rebels took Pukou; the Brigade General Zhou Tianpei died there and was given a hereditary rank. On guiwei, Tepuqin reported that the Russians had occupied more than fifty settlements on the left bank of the Heilongjiang, and asked that the xidan [unenlisted bannermen] of Mo'ergen and Buteha be called up and handed to Na'erhushan to train, and that the bannermen, civilians and ginseng diggers be organised together, to resist if trouble came; this was approved. On bingxu, Zhang Fu was ordered to direct military affairs in southern Anhui. On jichou, Zeng Guofan reported that Wei Zhijun had surrendered with Chizhou. The Yunnan bandits took Xuzhou, and another band took Youyang and Xiushan. On gengyin, government troops in Sichuan recovered Yunlian, Qingfu and Gao County. On yiwei, fire broke out at the Ministry of Revenue. Edit
The twelfth month. On the first day, bingshen, Jiang Weiyuan reported that Shi Dakai had gathered more than a hundred thousand followers and was moving from Guangxi against Guizhou, intending to make a move on Sichuan. An edict ordered Tian Xingshu to suppress them. On wuxu, the emperor went to the Dagao Hall to pray for snow. Local bandits at Qiubei in Yunnan rose and killed officials; government troops put them down. On gengzi, Hechun reported that government troops had broken the rebel ramparts at Jiangpu, and the western border of Yangzhou was cleared. On renyin, the Minister of Personnel Huashana died. On bingwu, He Guiqing reported that British and French warships had arrived at Shanghai. Tian Xingshu was made Provincial Commander of Guizhou. On xinwei, the Hunan army aiding Guizhou recovered Zhenyuan. On gengshen, Jingchun asked to gather vagrants and ginseng diggers, give them land and set up guard posts, to help the frontier defence; this was approved. On renxu, Yuan Jiasan reported the capture of Linhuai Pass; an edict commended and encouraged him and sent his merit to the Board for review, and Muteng'a was given the rank of Lieutenant-General. On jiazi, the combined sacrifice was offered at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. Edit
This year, the land tax of one hundred and fifty-seven departments and counties in Zhili, Henan, Shandong, Zhejiang, Guizhou and other provinces struck by disaster or by rebels was remitted in varying amounts. Korea and Ryukyu sent tribute. Edit
The tenth year, gengshen. Spring, the first month. On bingyin, the emperor's thirtieth birthday, an edict of grace was proclaimed. An edict said that under earlier reigns the birthday had rites of announcing sacrifices and a ceremony in the throne hall, but these need not be held this year, and provincial officials and the outer vassals were likewise to stop coming to the capital to offer congratulations. Favour was extended to the imperial kin: Yishen, Prince Dun of the Second Rank, was promoted to Prince of the First Rank, and Beizi Yikuang was promoted to Beile; the others received titles and gifts each in his degree, and these reached the court officials and the provincial officials. On wuchen, the former General of Ningxia Tuoyunbao died. On jisi, Shengbao was relieved of his post as Imperial Commissioner to deal solely with suppressing the bandits in Henan, and Yuan Jiasan to deal solely with Anhui. On dingchou, Yingqi was demoted for being slow in forwarding funds to the capital, and Qinglian was made Governor of Henan. On jichou, He Qiutao, a Secretary of the Ministry of Justice, presented the Compendium on the Northern Frontier he had compiled, in eighty juan; the emperor praised him, gave the work the title Shuofang Beicheng, and had him serve in the Maoqin Hall. On renchen, Youfeng was dismissed; Quanliang was made General of Chengdu, and Zhantai Provincial Commander of Sichuan. On jiawu, the Censor Bai Enyou said that the defence of Tianjin was a matter of great weight and asked that the rear be planned for in advance, to make it entirely safe. An edict replied: "What you report is right enough, but stationing troops and raising funds is very hard. The Tianjin defences are now complete, and there is no need to discuss it." Tepuqin asked to recruit the Oroqen into the ranks; this was approved. Zhalafentai asked to join with Russia and the Gurkhas in attacking India. The emperor said: "Russia is no friend. And how could the Gurkhas be a match for Britain?" Edit
The second month. On dingyou, the emperor attended the Classics Mat lectures. On gengzi, Liu Yuanhao was made Governor of Guizhou. Yuan Jiasan reported the recovery of Fengyang and was granted a yellow riding jacket. On xinchou, He Guiqing reported that the British at Shanghai, after Chinese merchants had talked with them, were demanding one million as the cost of their troops; the Tianjin treaty could not be altered, and they would go to the capital to exchange ratifications; if this was not allowed, they would sail north at once. An edict told Senggelinqin to guard strictly the rear of the Tianjin defences. The tribute grain carried by sea was to put off sailing for the time being. On bingwu, government troops from Hunan recovered Zhenyuan in Guizhou. On gengxu, the Nian bandits took Taoyuan and pushed up to Qingjiang; Gengchang fell back to hold Huai'an. On renzi, the Hunan army aiding Guangxi recovered Liuzhou and Liucheng, and the Circuit Intendant Liu Kunyi was given the rank of Surveillance Commissioner. On jiayin, Zhang Fu reported that government troops had recovered Jiande, while the bandits had taken Jing County and Jingde and then Taiping. On jisi, Woshihunbu was made Minister of Rites, and Chunyou Lieutenant-General of Rehe. On xinyou, Hechun was ordered to divide his forces to aid Zhejiang. Edit
The third month. On the first day, yichou, Yuan Jiasan reported that government troops had recovered Qingjiang. On gengzi, the Provincial Commander Zhang Yuliang was ordered to lead troops to the aid of Zhejiang. On bingzi, rebels took Hangzhou, and the Governor Luo Zundian died there. Six days later the General Ruichang recovered the city. Ruichang, Zhang Yuliang and the others were richly rewarded. Wang Youling was made Governor of Zhejiang. On dinghai, the emperor ploughed the sacred field. On xinmao, government troops in Zhejiang recovered Changxing, Lin'an and Xiaofeng. On jiawu, He Guiqing reported that the foreign ships were moving north to attack. Edit
The intercalary third month. On guimao, government troops in Sichuan recovered Pujiang; rebels took Mingshan. On bingwu, Cao Shuzhong was ordered to command the troops in Sichuan, and Liu Changyou was made Governor of Guangxi. On dingwei, rebels took Lishui and then Jurong. Zhang Yuliang was made Provincial Commander of Guangxi but kept in Jiangsu to command troops, and soon ordered back to Hangzhou. On gengshen, Hechun and others reported that Chen Yucheng had led his host in a sudden attack on the Great Camp, the rebels in the city had come out to join the attack, and the government troops, unable to hold, had fallen back to hold Zhenjiang. On renxu, Wang Mengling was made Director-General of Grain Transport. Edit
Summer, the fourth month. On bingyin, the Ming Confucian Cao Duan was placed among those receiving sacrifice in the Temple of Confucius. On guiyou, rebels took Danyang; Zhang Guoliang died there, and Hechun fled to Changzhou. On wuyin, an edict ordered every province to raise militia. Duxing'a was ordered to direct military affairs north of the Yangzi. On guiwei, an edict said that the Governor-General of Liangjiang, He Guiqing, had repeatedly lost cities, and stripped him of office and had him arrested for trial. Zeng Guofan was made acting Governor-General of Liangjiang. Zuo Zongtang, a Department Director in the Ministry of War, was raised to a capital post of the fourth rank to help Zeng Guofan direct his military affairs. On yiyou, rebels attacked Changzhou; Hechun met them in battle, was wounded, and died. Kuiyu was made acting General of Jiangning, to hold Zhenjiang together with Badong'a. On xinmao, rebels took Jianping, and Zhang Yuliang's troops broke up at Wuxi. On renchen, Zhong Junsheng and others, one hundred and eighty-three men in all, were granted the jinshi degree in their several grades. On guisi, rebels took Suzhou, and the Governor Xu Youren died there. Edit
The fifth month. On the first day, jiawu, Xue Huan was made Governor of Jiangsu and, for the time being, acting Governor-General. On jihai, Zhou Murun, Magistrate of Changshu County in Jiangsu, recruited braves from the sandbanks and recovered Jiangyin. On xinchou, rebels took Changxing in Zhejiang and besieged Huzhou; Xiao Hanqing went to its relief, failed and died. On jiachen, Zeng Guofan set out a plan to advance by three routes, recover Suzhou and protect Zhejiang, and asked for Shen Baozhen to be sent to serve under him. The emperor praised the plan and approved it. Dongchun was made concurrently acting Governor-General of Sichuan. On bingwu, rebels took Wujiang and Kunshan, and Jiaxing in Zhejiang. Yuming reported that more than sixty foreign ships were anchored at the harbours of Jinzhou and Xiuyan, plundering livestock. On gengxu, Wang Mengling was ordered to direct Qiao Songnian in setting up the grain depot north of the Yangzi. On xinhai, the Vice Minister Dai Xi, who had died a martyr at his home, was honoured: he was posthumously made Minister, given a hereditary rank and a shrine of his own, and the posthumous name Wenjie. On jiayin, Mao Changxi was ordered to manage the militia of Henan, and Du E that of Shandong. On wuwu, Li Ruozhu reported that Xue Chengliang had surrendered and then rebelled again, and had been caught and executed. On jiwei, Zeng Guofan reported that he had brought Bao Chao and Zhu Pinlong with him to be stationed at Qimen, and that the Hubei army should not be drawn on any further. This was approved. Yuming reported that more than a hundred foreign ships had arrived in the waters off Jinzhou, and Wenyu reported that the British and French troops at Yantai numbered about ten thousand, with word that they would attack north by way of Dashan at Haifeng; both reports were sent to Senggelinqin for his information. Edit
The sixth month. On the first day, guihai, an order allowed the Barhu bannermen to sit the examinations on the same terms as everyone else. On jiazi, British ships sailed into Beitang. On bingyin, rebels took Qingpu and Songjiang. On jisi, Liu Changyou reported the recovery of Qingyuan, and Shi Dakai fled south. On gengwu, Ruichang reported the recovery of Guangde. On xinwei, the emperor's birthday, he received congratulations in the throne hall. On renshen, the Grand Secretary Peng Yunzhang was relieved of his service in the Grand Council. Shao Can, Liu Yi, Yan Duanshu and Pang Zhonglu were each ordered to organise militia in their home districts. On wuyin, Wang Youling reported that Zhao Jingxian, a Circuit Intendant living at home, had recovered Huzhou. Xue Huan reported the recovery of Songjiang. On gengchen, British and French troops landed and occupied Beitang. The post of Director-General of the Southern River and the officials of the Huaihai Circuit were abolished. On renwu, Senggelinqin reported that Britain and France were strong and arrogant, and peace talks could hardly be hoped for. An edict charged Hengfu with the business of pacification, with the larger situation in view. On bingxu, Zeng Guofan was made Imperial Commissioner and substantive Governor-General of Liangjiang. On jichou, the foreigners attacked Xinhe, and government troops fell back to hold Tanggu. Luo Bingzhang was ordered to hurry to Sichuan to direct military affairs. On xinmao, the emperor wrote in his own hand to Senggelinqin: "Since we clasped hands in parting, half a year has suddenly gone by. Both banks at Dagu are in danger, and I am sure your heart burns with worry. But the foundation of the empire is the capital, not the harbour mouth. If you meet with a setback, you must fall back to protect Tianjin and Tongzhou; on no account entrust your life to the forts, thinking only of yourself. I am full of sorrow as I hold the brush. Strive to obey!" Xiling'a was ordered to hold Tianjin firmly, and Ruilin and Yiledong'a to go to Tongzhou to guard and block the way. Edit
Autumn, the seventh month. On guisi, Badong'a was ordered to relieve Jintan. On wuxu, the Dagu forts fell; the Provincial Commander Leshan died there, and was given generous posthumous honours and a shrine. On gengzi, Senggelinqin fell back to hold Tongzhou. On xinchou, the British took Tianjin. Rebels in Zhejiang took Lin'an and Yuhang. Rebels in Sichuan took Qiong, Pu and Xinjin. On jiachen, rebels in Jiangsu took Songjiang again. On dingwei, Chongshi was made acting Governor-General of Sichuan. On jiyou, Yurui reported that Kokand asked to trade as before; this was allowed. Changqing was made General of Ili. On xinyou, Jintan fell. Its Magistrate Li Huai had held it for three years, and with no relief coming he died with his strength spent; more than a thousand of the gentry and people died with him. Shengbao was ordered to lead the cavalry in holding Tongzhou. Edit
The eighth month. On guihai, the foreign troops reached Tongzhou; Zaiyuan lured the British envoy Harry Parkes into a trap, seized him and sent him to the capital. On wuchen, Ruilin and others fought the foreign troops at Baliqiao, without success. Yixin, Prince Gong of the First Rank, was made Imperial Commissioner to handle the pacification. On jisi, the emperor left for Mulan, setting out from the Yuanmingyuan. On dingchou, the emperor halted at the Mountain Resort. Li Shizhong, for capturing the rebel general Xue Chengliang, was promoted and appointed Provincial Commander of Jiangnan. On wuyin, an edict said: "The Provincial Commander of Jiangnan, Zhang Guoliang, excelled both in planning and in courage, and was ardent in loyalty and righteousness. In ten years with the army his feats in battle were outstanding, and the southeastern half of the empire relied on him as its Great Wall. This year, when the Great Camp broke up, he turned back to help and attacked the rebels, and was wounded and drowned. As the reports came in one after another, We still hoped they were not true. Now several months have passed, and there is no doubt that he gave his life. Had Zhang Guoliang still been alive, how could the region of Suzhou and Changzhou have been ruined like this? Remembering his loyal toil, We grieve all the more. He is posthumously made Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent, placed in the Temple of Loyalty, and given shrines of his own in several places. Whatever sons and grandsons he has are to be sent to the Board for appointment." On jimao, Duxing'a was ordered to bring troops to guard the capital, at Guanwen's request. Yuming, Chengkai, Lebin, Wenyu and Yinggui were ordered to lead troops to guard the capital. On xinsi, Hengfu was ordered to station at Gubeikou to prepare its defence, and Wu Tingdong to receive and forward dispatches. On renwu, government troops in Zhejiang recovered Pinghu and Jiashan. Government troops in Guangdong recovered Lechang and Renhua. On guiwei, rebels in Jiangsu took Changshu. The Yuanmingyuan burned; Imperial Concubine Chang died, and Wenfeng, Minister of the Imperial Household Department and a Board Minister, died there. On gengyin, Prince Gong asked that Parkes be returned to the British army. Xue Huan impeached Feng Zicai for going to relieve Jintan but holding back his troops without advancing, so that the city fell. An edict reprimanded him lightly. Edit
The ninth month. On renchen, Shengbao was made Imperial Commissioner in overall command of the relief armies. Prince Gong Yixin was ordered to send a note to the British telling them not to build forts north of the city and to negotiate the treaty quickly. On jiawu, the British and French envoys entered the city. The Grand Secretary Peng Yunzhang and the Minister Xu Naipu asked to retire because of illness; this was allowed. On jihai, the troops of Qinglian and Yinggui were ordered to station in Zhili and await orders. On xinchou, rebels took Ningguo, and Zhou Tianshou died there. On jiachen, Zuo Zongtang was ordered to direct military affairs in Zhejiang. On yisi, the peace settlement was concluded. Prince Gong Yixin asked that it be proclaimed at home and abroad and carried out according to the treaties. The Russians were allowed to station on the Ussuri and at Suifen. The relief troops of the provinces were stood down. Yinggui was ordered to come to the capital. A tour to the west was discussed. On wushen, Li Ruozhu reported the recovery of Jiangyin. On xinhai, rebels took Huizhou, and the Circuit Intendant Li Yuandu, who was holding the city, abandoned it and fled. On guichou, bandits rose all at once in Zhili, Shandong and Henan, and Senggelinqin was ordered to subdue them. On gengshen, Prince Gong Yixin reported that the foreigners had withdrawn to Tianjin, and begged the emperor to return. Edit
Winter, the tenth month. On the first day, xinyou, an edict said that as the weather was turning cold, the return would be put off for the time being. Tian Xingshu was made Provincial Commander of Guizhou. The Provincial Commanders Zhou Tianshou and Zhou Tianpei, killed in battle, were given hereditary ranks, shrines and posthumous names, and the Circuit Intendant Fuxian and others were given sacrifice beside them. On renxu, Liu Yuanhao was made Governor-General of Yungui, and Deng Erheng Governor of Guizhou. On jiazi, Wenqian and Hengqi were ordered to manage trade matters, and Wu Tingdong to direct defence. Wen'an was made Provincial Commander of Hunan. Feng Zicai was made to direct military affairs at Zhenjiang. On bingyin, Prince Gong Yixin reported the exchange of the peace treaty with the Russians and asked that the imperial seal be used; this was approved. On xinwei, Russia presented guns and cannon. On guiyou, Lebin and Yinggui were ordered back to their posts. On gengchen, Yan Shusen was made Governor of Henan, and Mao Changxi was made to direct the campaign against the Nian bandits of Henan. On xinsi, Duxing'a was ordered to direct military affairs north of the Yangzi, with Li Ruozhu as his deputy. The Brigade General Tian Zaitian was made to take over the suppression of the bandits at Xu and Su, with Wu Tang, Intendant of the Huaixu Circuit, helping him. Edit
The eleventh month. On xinmao, Shengbao asked that Lianying, Intendant of the Daming-Shunde-Guangping Circuit, be put solely in charge of river defence and allowed to report to the throne himself; this was approved. On guisi, Weng Tongshu memorialised on heeding the warnings of Heaven, strengthening the foundation of the state, gathering men of talent, training the capital battalions, and contending for strategic positions. An edict replied: "The article on gathering men of talent has little benefit and many drawbacks. The rest is kept for Our reading." On jiawu, rebels in Zhejiang took Xincheng, Lin'an and Fuyang. On yiwei, Wang Mengling reported a victory over the rebels and that Sanhe was cleared, and asked for command over Huang Kaibang's river fleet; this was approved. On gengzi, Zeng Guofan reported that Bao Chao and others had recovered Yi County. On xinchou, Li Ruozhu asked leave to go home and care for his parent, and Zeng Bingzhong replaced him. On guimao, because the emergency at Hangzhou was over, Ruichang, Wang Youling and others were richly rewarded. Ruichang reported that Qingduan had striven to protect the Zhejiang frontier, and asked that he be generously rewarded. An edict replied: "Without regard to boundaries, all this is part of the duty of you high officials. The ranking and rewarding of governors-general and governors comes from the court's decree; it is not for you to request on your own." On wushen, Chengqi was ordered, with Jingdun, to survey the eastern border with Russia. On guimao, Zhang Yuliang of the Zhejiang army recovered Yanzhou. On jiayin, Guanwen and Hu Linyi reported that Chen Yucheng was planning to attack Huai and Tong, and that Duolong'a, joining Li Xuyi, had met him and crushed him, killing more than ten thousand rebels. Duolong'a was granted a yellow riding jacket, and Li Xuyi was given the rank of the second grade. Edit
The twelfth month. On xinyou, Xiling'a and Guorui were ordered to help Senggelinqin direct his military affairs. On bingyin, Zhang Liangji was ordered to stay on and direct military affairs in Yunnan. On jisi, the Zongli Yamen, in general charge of trade with all countries, was first set up, and Prince Gong Yixin, Guiliang and Wenxiang were put in charge of it. Chonghou was made Superintendent of Trade for the Three Ports, and Xue Huan was to manage trade at Shanghai and other places concurrently. Bannermen were allowed to study foreign languages and scripts. On jisi, Tian Xingshu was made Imperial Commissioner to direct military affairs in Guizhou. On bingzi, Zuo Zongtang reported that he had led his army to recover Dexing in Jiangxi and Wuyuan in Anhui, and he was given the rank of a capital official of the third grade. On yiyou, Guanwen and Zhou Zupei were made Grand Secretaries, Sushun Assistant Grand Secretary, Shen Zhaolin Minister of Revenue, and Zhu Fengbiao Minister of War. On wuzi, the combined sacrifice was offered at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. Edit
This year, the regular and overdue taxes of the three provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui were remitted, and also the land tax of four hundred and one departments, counties and garrisons in Zhili, Shandong, Henan, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Guangxi and other provinces struck by disaster or by rebels, in varying amounts. The population of the empire was counted at 260,924,675 persons, and the grain held in the granaries at 5,231,920 shi, 4 dou, 6 sheng, 5 he and 1 shao. Korea sent tribute. Edit
The eleventh year, xinyou. The emperor was at Mulan. Spring, the first month. On the first day, gengyin, the emperor received congratulations in the Suicheng Hall. On xinyou, an edict set the return for the thirteenth day of the second month. On yiwei, Zeng Guofan reported that Yang Zaifu had attacked the rebels, taken Duchang and raised the siege of Nanling. Tian Zaitian reported that the Nian bandits had attacked Dangshan and been driven off, and he was given the rank of Provincial Commander. On bingshen, Weng Tongshu was summoned to the capital, and Li Xuyi was made Governor of Anhui. On dingyou, Fuji was made General of Chengdu. On xinchou, rebels took Xiaofeng, and Hangzhou was put under martial law. On renyin, an edict said: "As the reign's count of years opens a new decade, a special amnesty should be granted; even those whom an ordinary amnesty does not pardon are all to have their sentences reduced or remitted." On guimao, Zuo Zongtang's troops recovered Raozhou and Duliang. On yisi, Hengfu was relieved because of illness; Wenyu was made Governor-General of Zhili, Tan Tingxiang Governor of Shandong, Deng Erheng Governor of Shaanxi, and He Guanying acting Governor of Guizhou. On dingwei, Senggelinqin reported that the Nian bandits had broken into Shandong, and that the troops he sent in pursuit had caught up with them at Heze and been defeated. An edict replied: "Senggelinqin commands a great army, and the north relies on him as its screen. Yet he sent hungry and weary soldiers in pursuit of bandits in their full vigour, with no support on either side; no wonder they were defeated. He has courage to spare in going forward but lacks steadiness. Let him weed out his troops and choose his officers, hold the key points under strict guard, and move only once his plans are settled, and let him not advance rashly again." On wushen, an edict to Yuan Jiasan and others said: "The Nian bandits have swept up and coerced good people, and it is not right to put them all to death. Proclaim to them earnestly and find ways to disband them. Those who surrender are to be pardoned, and those who kill rebels are to be rewarded for their merit. And let Li Shizhong be told to receive surrenders in the same way." On xinhai, government troops in Guizhou recovered Dushan. On renzi, Weng Tongshu reported that Miao Peilin, the militia leader who had been won over, was plundering and harassing Shouzhou and was overbearing beyond measure. An edict told Li Xuyi to deal with it as he saw fit. The Nian bandits of Henan raided Dongming and Changyuan. Edit
The second month. On the first day, jiwei, government troops in Yunnan recovered Jinning. On renxu, the naval battalion of Jinzhou in Fengtian was set up again. On bingyin, an edict allowed Shandong to make restitution of the sites of the French churches, and ordered the provinces, whenever matters with foreigners arose, to deal with them at once as they saw fit and ask for instructions, and not to shirk them. On dingmao, Zhang Yuliang's army recovered Jiangshan and Changshan. On gengwu, Zeng Guofan reported that Zuo Zongtang had defeated the rebels at Jingdezhen, and Bao Chao had defeated them at Yangtang in Shimen. On renshen, the Zhejiang army recovered Fuyang. Bandits at Chaoyang in Rehe took the city, and Kexing'a was ordered to suppress them. Mingyi and Mingxu were ordered to survey the Russian border together, and Yingyun and Kuiying to manage trade with the Russians. The Nian bandits fell upon the Wen River; the Deputy Lieutenant-General Yixing'a and the Brigade General Teng Jiasheng met them in battle and were killed. On yihai, Chen Yucheng, joining with the Nian bandits, attacked Qishui in Hubei from Yingshan, and an edict told Hu Linyi to bring his troops back to attack him. On gengchen, an edict said: "We earlier issued a decree setting a day for Our return. For the past ten days or so Our health has not recovered. Let it wait until autumn, when a further decree will be issued." On renwu, the King of Korea sent envoys to pay homage at the travelling palace. A gracious edict stopped them, and patterned silks and precious objects were granted to him and to his envoys. On guiwei, an edict ordered soldiers to be chosen to drill with the guns and cannon sent by Russia. On jiashen, the militia of Heilongjiang were disbanded and sent back to farming. Edit
The third month. On the first day, jichou, an edict gave Chonglun and Chonghou, the ministers sent to negotiate treaties, full powers to act as they judged best. The Vice Minister Chengqi was ordered to go to Lake Khanka to survey the boundary with the Russians jointly. The Circuit Intendant Lianjie was given the rank of a capital official of the fourth grade to manage river defence. On renchen, Prince Gong Yixin asked to come to the travelling palace to pay his respects and ask after the emperor's health. The emperor answered him in an edict in his own hand: "We have been parted half a year, and I often think of clasping your hand and talking. But lately I cannot stop coughing and at times bring up red phlegm; I must still rest quietly and should not talk much. Let us wait until autumn and talk face to face." On bingshen, an edict said that the emperor's eldest son would begin his schooling on the seventh day of the fourth month, with Li Hongzao as his tutor. On wuxu, Duxing'a reported that the river-fleet ships of Zhenjiang and Yangzhou were old and damaged, and asked that Guangdong be ordered to buy red-bow ships and send them for use; this was approved. On gengzi, Shengbao was ordered to direct the suppression of bandits in Zhili and Shandong. Jia Zhen was made acting Governor of Anhui. On gengxu, the troops of Britain and France withdrew from the provincial capital of Guangdong. On xinhai, the former Grand Secretary Peng Yunzhang was made acting Minister of War. On jiayin, rebels in Zhejiang took Haiyan, Pinghu and Zhapu, and the Deputy Lieutenant-General Xiling'a died there. On bingchen, local bandits in Guangxi took Taiping Prefecture and Yangli Department. Edit
Summer, the fourth month. On the first day, jiwei, Yan Shusen reported that rebels had attacked Runing and the Circuit Intendant Zhang Yao had driven them off. On wuchen, the Nian bandits and the sect bandits of Shandong took Guantao and six other counties one after another. Senggelinqin entered Teng County to hold it firmly, and an edict told Shengbao to divide his forces to help him. On jiaxu, an edict said: "We hear that the contributions raised in various places include designated contributions, loan contributions, gunboat contributions, acreage contributions, rice contributions, pay contributions, dyke-works contributions, boat contributions, house contributions, salt contributions, plank contributions and floating contributions - a host of names, with a motley crowd of officials and clerks. In truth much is taken from the people and little reaches the treasury. In recent years military expenses have been vast, and it has been unavoidable to draw on the resources of the people and the merchants. But only if every drop goes to the treasury and is spent sparingly can there be real benefit. If demands are made without limit like this, wearing down the people's livelihood, what kind of government is that? Let all the high ministers, governors-general and governors investigate closely and root out the corrupt, to fulfil Our wishes." On yihai, Zuo Zongtang defeated the rebels at Leping. On gengchen, the sect bandits of Shandong fell upon and besieged Daming, and Lianjie drove them off. On guiwei, the Anhui rebels broke into Zhejiang again, took Changshan and Jiangshan, and pressed on Quzhou. Edit
The fifth month. On guisi, Tian Zaitian reported that Miao's militia had attacked Fuli, and Senggelinqin was ordered to divide his forces to help. On jiawu, Deng Erheng was murdered at Qujing. Liu Yuanhao was ordered to investigate and deal with it. Yingqi was made Governor of Shaanxi. On gengzi, Shengbao reported the recovery of Guantao. On xinchou, Jia Zhen and Li Shizhong were ordered to help Yuan Jiasan direct his military affairs. On jiachen, Duolong'a was ordered to help Guanwen and Hu Linyi direct their military affairs. On yisi, rebels took Shouchang, Jinhua, Longyou, Tangxi and Changxing in Zhejiang, and went on to take Lanxi and Wuyi. An edict urged Zuo Zongtang to hurry to the rescue. Edit
The sixth month. On the first day, wuwu, there was an eclipse of the sun. On gengshen, Zeng Guofan and Hu Linyi reported: "Since our army laid long siege to the provincial capital of Anqing, the rebel chief Chen Yucheng led his followers back to its relief and built four strong ramparts at Chigangling outside Jixian Pass. Bao Chao and Cheng Daji, joining Duolong'a's cavalry, pressed the attack hard and bombarded them day and night. On the first day of the fifth month all three ramparts surrendered. Those who had been coerced were released, and the old long-haired rebels were all executed. The rebel Liu Canglin, who held the first rampart, slipped away by night. Bao Chao destroyed him at Matashi, the rest were almost all killed by the river fleet, and Liu Canglin, once his identity was confirmed, was dismembered and his head displayed." An edict commended them. Prussia exchanged treaties and opened trade. On xinyou, the Russians were allowed to trade at Kulun and Kyakhta. On yichou, the Directorate of Astronomy reported that on the first day of the eighth month the sun and moon would be in conjunction and the five planets strung together like pearls. An edict said there was no need to send it to the Historiography Office. On jiaxu, rebels took Suichang, Songyang and Yongkang in Zhejiang. On bingzi, Muslim bandits fell upon and harried Kashgar. An edict sent Jinglian to Aksu to defend and suppress them. On bingxu, government troops in Zhejiang recovered Changxing. Edit
Autumn, the seventh month. On dinghai, an edict said that each autumn, when princes and dukes went to offer sacrifice at the two groups of tombs, if they met floods from the mountains they might wait on the way until the roads were open and then go on at once; if they could not arrive in time, the beile, dukes and others guarding the tombs were to perform the rites. On jiawu, Zeng Guofan reported the recovery of Huizhou in Anhui. On wuxu, a shrine was built for Yang Xin, Marquis Zhaoyong, an Imperial Guard killed in battle in Sichuan. On xinchou, the emperor fell ill. On renyin, the emperor was close to death; he summoned the princes and ministers to write down his vermilion decree, naming his eldest son Crown Prince. On guimao, the emperor died at the travelling palace, aged thirty-one. In the tenth month the coffin was carried back to the capital. In the twelfth month his honoured posthumous title was respectfully conferred. In the ninth month of the fourth year of Tongzhi he was buried at the Ding Tomb. Edit
The appraisal says: Wenzong met with a time of calamity and lived in an age when the light was hidden. Abroad, strong powers forced treaties on him; at home, rebels rose one after another; in the brief span of twelve years he never had a single day of peace. Yet he could employ the worthy and raise up the able, see clearly and respond to every turn. In taxing the people he first put an end to vexatious exactions; in governing the army he held the reins with care. The ministers who assisted him merely filled their posts; every plan came from the court. Had Heaven granted him more years on the throne, how could the hidden troubles of later times have arisen? Edit
The English was translated from the original by an AI, not checked sentence by sentence by a person, and is for reference; where it differs from the original, the original is right. Names are in pinyin. If a sentence is wrong, use “Edit” after the paragraph to correct it - no need to sign in.
Source: 清史稿 卷二十 本纪二十 文宗本纪 (Draft History of Qing, juan 20, Annals 20: Annals of Wenzong)
Wikipedia: Xianfeng Emperor · Chinese Wikipedia: 咸丰帝 · Baidu Baike: 咸丰帝 (an article of the same name, not checked to be him)
Source
From the historical record: the notes below say where · qing-zongshi-00985
Notes (2)
- [Source] 清史稿 卷二十 本纪二十 文宗本纪 Draft History of Qing, juan 20, Annals 20: Annals of Wenzong
- [Collation note] 本纪：「文宗協天翊運執中垂謨懋德振武聖孝淵恭端仁寬敏顯皇帝，諱奕詝，宣宗第四子也」 The annals: “Wenzong, Emperor Xian (full posthumous title: Xietian Yiyun Zhizhong Chuimo Maode Zhenwu Shengxiao Yuangong Duanren Kuanmin Xian Huangdi), personal name Yìzhǔ, was the fourth son of Xuanzong”