福臨 Fúlín
Biography
世祖體天隆運定統建極英睿欽文顯武大德弘功至仁純孝章皇帝，諱福臨，太宗第九子。母孝莊文皇后方娠，紅光繞身，盤旋如龍形。誕之前夕，夢神人抱子納后懷曰：「此統一天下之主也。」寤，以語太宗。太宗喜甚，曰：「奇祥也，生子必建大業。」翌日上生，紅光燭宮中，香氣經日不散。上生有異稟，頂髮聳起，龍章鳳姿，神智天授。
八年秋八月庚午，太宗崩，儲嗣未定。和碩禮親王代善會諸王、貝勒、貝子、文武群臣定議，奉上嗣大位，誓告天地，以和碩鄭親王濟爾哈朗、和碩睿親王多爾袞輔政。丙子，阿濟格尼堪等率師防錦州。丁丑，多羅郡王阿達禮、固山貝子碩託謀立和碩睿親王多爾袞。禮親王代善與多爾袞發其謀。阿達禮、碩託伏誅。乙酉，諸王、貝勒、貝子、群臣以上嗣位期祭告太宗。丙戌，以即位期祭告郊廟。丁亥，上即皇帝位於篤恭殿。詔以明年為順治元年，肆赦常所不原者。頒哀詔於朝鮮、蒙古。
九月辛丑，地震，自西北而南有聲。壬寅，濟爾哈朗、阿濟格征明，攻寧遠衛。丙午，頒即位詔於朝鮮、蒙古。以太宗遺詔減朝鮮歲貢。辛亥，昭陵成。乙卯，大軍攻明中後所，丁巳拔之。庚申，攻前屯衛。
冬十月辛酉朔，克之。阿濟格尼堪等率師至中前所，明總兵官黃色棄城遁。丁丑，濟爾哈朗、阿濟格師還。壬午，篇古、博和託、伊拜、杜雷代戍錦州。
十二月壬戌，明守備孫友白自寧遠來降。辛未，朝鮮來賀即位。乙亥，罷諸王、貝勒、貝子管部院事。鄂羅塞臣、巴都禮率師征黑龍江。壬午，譚泰、准塔代戍錦州。
是歲，朝鮮暨土默特部章京古祿格，庫爾喀部賴達庫及炎楮庫牙喇氏二十六戶，索倫部章京崇內，喀爾喀部土謝圖汗、馬哈撒嘛諦塞臣汗、查薩克圖汗，圖白忒部甸齊喇嘛俱來貢。
Shizu, Emperor Zhang (full posthumous title: Titian Longyun Dingtong Jianji Yingrui Qinwen Xianwu Dade Honggong Zhiren Chunxiao Zhang Huangdi), personal name Fulin, was the ninth son of Taizong. When his mother, Empress Xiaozhuangwen, had just conceived, a red light encircled her body, coiling about like a dragon. On the eve of his birth she dreamt that a divine being carried a child and laid it in her lap, saying, "This is the lord who will unite all under Heaven." When she woke she told Taizong of it. Taizong was overjoyed and said, "This is a wondrous omen; the son born will surely accomplish a great work." The next day the emperor was born; a red light lit up the palace, and a fragrance lingered all day without fading. The emperor was born with extraordinary gifts: the hair on the crown of his head stood up, he had the bearing of a dragon and a phoenix, and his divine intelligence was given by Heaven. Edit
In the eighth year, in the autumn, the eighth month, on gengwu, Taizong died with the succession not yet settled. Daishan, Prince Li of the First Rank, met the princes, beile, Beizi and the civil and military officials, and they agreed to set the emperor on the throne as heir. They swore an oath and announced it to Heaven and Earth, with Ji'erhalang, Prince Zheng of the First Rank, and Duo'ergun, Prince Rui of the First Rank, as regents. On bingzi, Ajige, Nikan and others led an army to guard Jinzhou. On dingchou, Adali, Prince of the Second Rank, and the gushan Beizi Shuotuo plotted to set up Duo'ergun, Prince Rui of the First Rank. Daishan, Prince Li of the First Rank, and Duo'ergun exposed the plot. Adali and Shuotuo were put to death. On yiyou, the princes, beile, Beizi and officials announced to Taizong in sacrifice the date of the emperor's accession. On bingxu, the date of the accession was announced in sacrifice at the suburban altars and the ancestral temple. On dinghai, the emperor took the imperial throne in the Dugong Hall. An edict made the following year the first year of Shunzhi and pardoned even those offences that were not normally pardoned. The edict of mourning was sent to Korea and the Mongols. Edit
In the ninth month, on xinchou, there was an earthquake, with a sound running from the north-west to the south. On renyin, Ji'erhalang and Ajige campaigned against the Ming and attacked the Ningyuan Guard. On bingwu, the accession edict was sent to Korea and the Mongols. In keeping with Taizong's testamentary edict, Korea's yearly tribute was reduced. On xinhai, the Zhao Mausoleum was completed. On yimao, the main army attacked the Ming post of Zhonghou, and on dingsi took it. On gengshen, it attacked the Qiantun Guard. Edit
In the winter, the tenth month, on the first day, xinyou, it was taken. Ajige, Nikan and others led their troops to the Zhongqian post, and the Ming Brigade General Huang Se abandoned the city and fled. On dingchou, the army of Ji'erhalang and Ajige returned. On renwu, Piangu, Bohetuo, Yibai and Dulei took their turn guarding Jinzhou. Edit
In the twelfth month, on renxu, the Ming Garrison Commander Sun Youbai came from Ningyuan to surrender. On xinwei, Korea sent congratulations on the accession. On yihai, the princes, beile and Beizi were relieved of charge of the ministries and courts. Eluosaichen and Baduli led an army against Heilongjiang. On renwu, Tantai and Zhunta took their turn guarding Jinzhou. Edit
This year Korea, together with Guluge, zhangjing of the Tumote tribe, Laidaku of the Ku'erka tribe and twenty-six households of the Yanchukuyala clan, Chongnei, zhangjing of the Suolun tribe, the Tuxietu Khan, the Mahasamadi Saichen Khan and the Chasaketu Khan of the Ka'erka tribe, and the Dianqi Lama of the Tubaite, all came with tribute. Edit
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順治元年春正月庚寅朔，御殿受賀，命禮親王代善勿拜。甲午，沙爾虎達率師征庫爾喀。己亥，來達哈巴圖魯等代戍錦州。鄭親王濟爾哈朗諭部院各官，凡白事先啟睿親王，而自居其次。
二月辛巳，艾度禮戍錦州。戊子，祔葬太妃博爾濟錦氏於福陵，改葬妃富察氏於陵外。富察氏，太祖時以罪賜死者。
三月丙申，地震。戊戌，復震。甲寅，大學士希福等進刪譯遼、金、元史。是月，流賊李自成陷燕京，明帝自經。自成僭稱帝，國號大順，改元永昌。
夏四月戊午朔，固山額真何洛會等訐告肅親王豪格悖妄罪，廢豪格為庶人，其黨俄莫克圖等皆論死。己未，晉封多羅饒餘貝勒阿巴泰為多羅饒餘郡王。辛酉，大學士范文程啟睿親王入定中原。甲子，以大軍南伐祭告太祖、太宗。乙丑，上御篤恭殿，命和碩睿親王多爾袞為奉命大將軍，賜敕印便宜行事，並賜王及從征諸王、貝勒、貝子等服物有差。丙寅，師行。壬申，睿親王多爾袞師次翁後，明山海關守將吳三桂遣使致書，乞師討賊。丁丑，師次連山，三桂復致書告急，大軍疾馳赴之。戊寅，李自成率眾圍山海關，我軍逆擊之，敗賊將唐通於一片石。己卯，師至山海關，三桂開關出迎，大軍入關。自成率眾二十餘萬，自北山橫亙至海，嚴陣以待。是日，大風，塵沙蔽天。睿親王多爾袞命擊賊陣尾，以三桂居右翼，大呼薄之。風旋定，賊兵大潰，追奔四十餘里，自成遁還燕京。封三桂為平西王，以馬步軍一萬隸之，直趨燕京。誓諸將勿殺不辜，掠財物，焚廬舍，不如約者罪之。諭官民以取殘不殺之意，民大悅，竄匿山谷者爭還鄉里迎降。大軍所過州縣及沿邊將吏皆開門款附。乙酉，自成棄燕京西走，我軍疾追之。
五月戊子朔，以捷書宣示朝鮮、蒙古。己丑，大軍抵燕京，故明文武諸臣士庶郊迎五里外。睿親王多爾袞入居武英殿。令諸將士乘城，廝養人等毋入民家，百姓安堵如故。庚寅，令兵部傳檄直省郡縣，歸順者官吏進秩，軍民免遷徙，文武大吏籍戶口錢糧兵馬親賚至京，觀望者討之。故明諸王來歸者，不奪其爵。在京職官及避賊隱匿者，各以名聞錄用，卒伍欲歸農者聽之。辛卯，令官吏軍民為明帝發喪，三日後服除，禮部太常寺具帝禮以葬。壬辰，俄羅塞臣、巴都禮、沙爾虎達等征黑龍江師還。故明山海關總兵官高第來降。癸巳，令故明內閣、部院諸臣以原官同滿洲官一體辦理。乙未，阿濟格等追擊李自成於慶都，敗之。譚泰、准塔等追至真定，又破走之。燕京迤北各城及天津、真定諸郡縣皆降。辛丑，徵故明大學士馮銓至京。己酉，葬故明莊烈帝后周氏、妃袁氏，熹宗后張氏，神宗妃劉氏，並如制。
六月丁巳朔，令洪承疇仍以兵部尚書同內院官佐理機務。己未，以駱養性為天津總督。庚申，遣戶部右侍郎王鰲永招撫山東、河南。壬戌，故明大同總兵官姜瓖斬賊首柯天相等，以大同來降。丙寅，遣巴哈納、石廷柱率師定山東。免京城官用廬舍賦稅三年，與同居者一年，大軍所過州縣田畝稅之半，河北府州縣三之一。丁卯，睿親王多爾袞及諸王、貝勒、貝子、大臣定議建都燕京，遣輔國公屯齊喀、和託、固山額真何洛會奉迎車駕。庚午，遣固山額真葉臣率師定山西。甲戌，故明三邊總督李化熙降。壬午，上遣使勞軍。癸未，艾度禮有罪，伏誅。甲申，遷故明太祖神主於歷代帝王廟。乙酉，鑄各官印兼用國書。
秋七月丁亥，考定曆法，為時憲歷。戊子，巴哈納、石廷柱會葉臣軍定山西。壬辰，以吳孳昌為宣大山西總督，方大猷為山東巡撫。癸巳，以遷都祭告上帝、陵廟。丁酉，故明德王朱由縢降。時故明福王朱由崧即位江南，改元弘光，以史可法為大學士，駐揚州督師，總兵劉澤清、劉良佐、黃得功、高傑分守江北。己亥，山東巡按朱朗鑅啟新補官吏仍以紗帽圓領臨民蒞事。睿親王多爾袞諭：「軍事方殷，衣冠禮樂未遑制定。近簡各官，姑依明式。」庚子，設故明長陵以下十四陵官吏。辛丑，免盛京滿、漢額輸糧草布疋。壬寅，大赦，除正額外一切加派。癸卯，罷內監徵收涿州、寶坻皇莊稅糧。甲辰，以楊方興為河南總督，馬國柱為山西巡撫，陳錦為登萊巡撫。免山東稅，如河北例。壬子，睿親王以書致史可法，勸其主削號歸籓。可法答書不屈。以王文奎為保定巡撫，羅綉錦為河南巡撫。裁六部蒙古侍郎。癸丑，雨雹。是月，建乾清宮。
八月丙辰朔，日有食之。丁巳，以何洛會為盛京總管，尼堪、碩詹統左右翼，鎮守盛京。辛酉，大學士希福有罪，免。癸亥，行總甲法。戊辰，免景州、河間、阜城、青縣本年額賦。己巳，定在京文武官薪俸。乙亥，車駕發盛京。庚辰，次蘇爾濟，察哈爾固倫公主及蒙古王貝勒等朝行在。壬午，徵故明大學士謝升入內院辦事。癸未，次廣寧，給故明十三陵陵戶祭田，禁樵牧。
九月甲午，車駕入山海關。丁酉，次永平。始嚴稽察逃人之令。己亥，建堂子於燕京。庚子，賊將唐通殺李自成親族乞降。辛丑，遣和託、李率泰、額孟格等率師定山東、河南。癸卯，車駕至通州。睿親王多爾袞率諸王、貝勒、貝子、文武群臣朝上於行殿。甲辰，上自正陽門入宮。己酉，太白晝見。庚戌，初定郊廟樂章。睿親王多爾袞率諸王及滿、漢官上表勸進。故明福王遣其臣左懋第、馬紹愉、陳洪範齎白金十餘萬兩、黃金千兩、幣萬匹求成。壬子，奉安太祖武皇帝、孝慈武皇后、太宗文皇帝神主於太廟。
冬十月乙卯朔，上親詣南郊告祭天地，即皇帝位，遣官告祭太廟、社稷。初頒時憲歷。丙辰，以孔子六十五代孫允植襲封衍聖公，其五經博士等官襲封如故。丁巳，以睿親王多爾袞功最高，命禮部建碑紀績。辛酉，上太宗尊諡，告祭郊廟社稷。壬戌，流賊餘黨趙應元偽降，入青州，殺招撫侍郎王鰲永，和託等討斬之。甲子，上御皇極門，頒詔天下，大赦。詔曰：
: 我國家受天眷佑，肇造東土。列祖創興宏業，皇考式廓前猷，遂舉舊邦，誕膺新命。迨朕嗣服，越在沖齡，敬念紹庭，永綏厥位。頃緣賊氛洊熾，極禍中原，是用倚任親賢，救民塗炭。方馳金鼓，旋奏澄清，用解倒懸，非富天下。而王公列辟文武群臣暨軍民耆老合詞勸進，懇請再三。乃以今年十月乙卯朔，祗告天地宗廟社稷，定鼎燕京，仍建有天下之號曰大清，紀元順治。緬維峻命不易，創業尤艱。況當改革之初，爰沛維新之澤。親王佐命開國，濟世安民，有大勛勞，宜加殊禮。郡王子孫弟侄應得封爵，所司損益前典以聞。滿洲開國諸臣，運籌帷幄，決勝廟堂，汗馬著勛，開疆拓土，應加公、侯、伯世爵，錫以誥券。大軍入關以來，文武官紳，倡先慕義，殺賊歸降，亦予通行察敘。自順治元年五月朔昧爽以前，官吏軍民罪犯，非叛逆十惡死在不赦者，罪無大小，咸赦除之。官吏貪賄枉法，剝削小民，犯在五月朔以後，不在此例。地畝錢糧，悉照前明會計錄，自順治元年五月朔起，如額徵解。凡加派遼餉、新餉、練餉、召買等項，俱行蠲免。大軍經過地方，仍免正糧一半，歸順州縣非經過者，免本年三分之一。直省起存拖欠本折錢糧，如金花、夏稅、秋糧、馬草、人丁、鹽鈔、民屯、牧地、灶課、富戶、門攤、商稅、魚課、馬價、柴直、棗株、鈔貫、果品及內供顏料、蠟、茶、芝麻、棉花、絹、布、絲綿等項，念小民困苦已極，自順治元年五月朔以前，凡屬逋徵，概予豁除。兵民散居京城，實不獲已，其東中西三城已遷徙者，准免租賦三年；南北二城雖未遷徙，亦免一年。丁銀原有定額，年來生齒凋耗，版籍日削，孤貧老弱，盡苦追呼，有司查覈，老幼廢疾，並與豁免。軍民年七十以上者，許一丁侍養，免其徭役；八十以上者，給與絹綿米肉；有德行著聞者，給與冠帶；鰥寡孤獨、廢疾不能自存者，官與給養。孝子順孫義夫節婦，有司諮訪以聞。故明建言罷謫諸臣及山林隱逸懷才抱德堪為世用者，撫按薦舉，來京擢用。文武制科，仍於辰戌丑未年舉行會試，子午卯酉年舉行鄉試。前明宗室首倡投誠者，仍予祿養。明國諸陵，春秋致祭，仍用守陵員戶。帝王陵寢及名臣賢士墳墓毀者修之，仍禁樵牧。京、外文武職官應得封誥廕敘，一體頒給。北直、河南、山東節裁銀，山西太原、平陽二府新裁銀，前明已經免解，其二府舊裁銀，與各府新舊節裁銀兩，又會同館馬站、驢站館夫及遞運所車站夫價等銀，又直省額解工部四司料銀、匠價銀、甎料銀、苧蔴銀、車價銀、葦夫銀、葦課銀、漁課銀、野味銀、翎毛銀、活鹿銀、大鹿銀、小鹿銀、羊皮銀、弓箭撒袋折銀、扣剩水腳銀、牛角牛筋銀、鵝翎銀、天鵝銀、民夫銀、椿草子粒銀、狀元袍服銀、衣糧銀、砍柴夫銀、搬運木柴銀、抬柴夫銀、蘆課等折色銀、盔甲、腰刀、弓箭、弦條、胖襖、褲、鞋、狐麂兔狸皮、山羊毛課、鐵、黃櫨、榔、桑、胭脂、花梨、南棗、紫榆、杉條等木、椴木、桐木、板枋、冰窖物料、蘆席、蒲草、榜紙、赩罈、槐花、烏梅、梔子、筆管、芒帚、竹掃帚、席草、粗細銅絲、鐵線、鍍白銅絲、鐵條、碌子、青花棉、松香、光葉書籍紙、嚴漆、罩漆、桐油、毛、筀、紫、水斑等竹、實心竹、棕毛、白圓藤、翠毛、石磨、川二硃、生漆、沙葉、廣膠、焰硝、螺殼等本色錢糧，自順治元年五月朔以前逋欠在民，盡予蠲免，以甦民困。後照現行事例，分別蠲除。京師行商車戶等役，每遇僉役，頓至流離，嗣後永行豁除。運司鹽法，遞年增加，有新餉、練餉雜項加派等銀，深為厲商，盡行豁免，本年仍免額引三分之一。關津抽稅，非欲困商，准免一年，明末所增，並行豁免。直省州縣零星稅目，概行嚴禁。曾經兵災地方應納錢糧，已經前明全免者，仍與全免，不在免半、免一之例。直省報解屯田司助工銀兩，亦出加派，准予豁除。直省領解錢糧被賊劫失，在順治元年五月朔以前，一併豁免。山、陝軍民被流寇要挾，悔過自新，概從赦宥，脅從自首者前罪勿論。巡按以訪拿為名，聽信衙蠹，誣罰良民，最為弊政，今後悉行禁革。勢家土豪，重利放債，致民傾家蕩產，深可痛恨，今後有司勿許追比。越訴誣告，敗俗傷財，大赦以後，戶婚小事，俱就有司歸結，如有訟師誘陷愚民入京越訴者，加等反坐。贖鍰之設，勸人自新，追比傷生，轉為民害，今後並行禁止，不能納者，速予免追。惟爾萬方，與朕一德。播告遐邇，咸使聞知。
加封和碩睿親王多爾袞為叔父攝政王。乙丑，以雷興為天津巡撫。丁卯，加封和碩鄭親王濟爾哈朗為信義輔政叔王，復封豪格為和碩肅親王，進封多羅武英郡王阿濟格為和碩英親王，多羅豫郡王多鐸為和碩豫親王，貝勒羅洛宏為多羅衍禧郡王，封碩塞為多羅承澤郡王。葉臣等克太原。故明副將劉大受自江南來降。辛未，封貝子尼堪、博洛為多羅貝勒，輔國公滿達海、吞齊、博和託、吞齊喀、和託、尚善為固山貝子。定諸王、貝勒、貝子歲俸。癸酉，以英親王阿濟格為靖遠大將軍，率師西討李自成。戊寅，定攝政王冠服宮室之制。己卯，以豫親王多鐸為定國大將軍，率師征江南。檄諭故明南方諸臣，數其不能滅賊復讎，擁眾擾民，自生反側，及無明帝遺詔擅立福王三罪。
十一月乙酉朔，設滿洲司業、助教，官員子孫有欲習國書、漢書者，併入國子監讀書。故明福王使臣陳洪範南還，中途密啟請留左懋第、馬紹愉，自欲率兵歸順，招徠南中諸將。許之。壬辰，石廷柱、巴哈納、席特庫等敗賊於平陽，山西悉平。庚子，封唐通為定西侯。甲辰，罷故明定陵守者，其十二陵仍設太監二名，量給歲時祭品。丁未，祀天於圜丘。庚戌，封勒克德渾為多羅貝勒。遣朝鮮質子李𣳫歸國，並制減其歲貢。
十二月丁巳，出故明府庫財物，賞八旗將士及蒙古官員。葉臣等大軍平直隸、河南、山西府九、州二十七、縣一百四十一。丁卯，以太宗第六女固倫公主下嫁固山額真阿山子誇扎。戊辰，多鐸軍至孟津，賊將黃士欣等遁走，濱河十五寨堡望風納款，睢州賊將許定國來降。己巳，多鐸軍至陝州，敗賊將張有曾於靈寶。丁丑，諭戶部清查無主荒地給八旗軍士。己卯，遣何洛會等祭福陵，鞏阿岱等祭昭陵，告武成。辛巳，有劉姓者自稱明太子，內監楊玉引入故明嘉定侯周奎宅，奎以聞。故明宮人及東宮舊僚辨視皆不識。下法司勘問，楊玉及附會之內監常進節、指揮李時廕等十五人皆棄市。仍諭中外，有以故明太子來告者給賞，太子仍加恩養。
是歲，朝鮮暨虎什喀里等八姓部，鄂爾多斯部濟農，索倫部章京敖爾拖木爾，歸化城土默特部古祿格，喀爾喀部塞臣綽爾濟、古倫地瓦胡土克圖、餘古折爾喇嘛、土謝圖汗，蘇尼特部騰機思阿喇海，烏朱穆秦部台吉滿瞻俱來貢。
二年春正月戊子，圖賴等破李自成於潼關，賊倚山為陣，圖賴率騎兵百人掩擊，多所斬獲。至是，自成親率馬步兵迎戰，又數敗之，賊眾奔潰。己未，大軍圍潼關，賊築重壕，堅壁以守。穆成格、俄羅塞臣先登，諸軍繼進，復大敗之。自成遁走西安。丙申，阿濟格、尼堪等率師抵潼關，賊將馬世堯降，旋以反側斬之。丁酉，命多羅饒餘郡王阿巴泰為總統，固山額真准塔為左翼，梅勒章京譚泰為右翼，代豪格征山東。庚子，以太宗第七女固倫公主下嫁內大臣鄂齊爾桑子喇瑪思。河南孟縣河清二日。壬寅，多鐸師至西安，自成奔商州。癸卯，大學士謝升卒。乙巳，真定、大名、順德、廣平山賊悉平。丙午，命房山縣歲以太牢祭金太祖、世宗陵。丁未，免山西今年額賦之半。更國子監孔子神位為大成至聖文宣先師孔子。庚戌，禁包衣大等私收投充漢人，冒占田宅，違者論死。壬子，免濟源、武陟、孟、溫四縣今年額賦及磁、安陽等九州縣之半。癸丑，免修邊民壯八千餘人。
二月丙辰，阿巴泰敗賊於徐州。己未，修律例。以李鑒為宣大總督，馮聖兆為宣府巡撫。降將許定國襲殺明興平伯高傑於睢州。辛酉，諭豫親王多鐸移師定江南，英親王阿濟格討流寇餘黨。丙寅，禁管庄撥什庫毀民墳塋。己巳，以祁充格為內弘文院大學士。庚午，阿濟格剿陝西餘寇，克四城，降三十八城。丁丑，多鐸師至河南，賊將劉忠降。
三月甲申朔，始祀遼太祖、金太祖、世宗、元太祖、明太祖於歷代帝王廟，以其臣耶律曷魯、完顏粘沒罕、斡離不、木華黎、伯顏、徐達、劉基從祀。庚寅，多鐸師出虎牢關，分遣固山額真拜伊圖等出龍門關，兵部尚書韓岱、梅勒章京宜爾德、侍郎尼堪等由南陽合軍歸德，所過迎降，河南悉平。辛卯，免山東荒賦。庚子，故明大學士李建泰來降。乙巳，遣八旗官軍番戍濟寧。丙午，朝鮮國王次子李淏歸。己酉，免薊州元年額賦。壬子，太行諸賊悉平。
夏四月丙辰，遣漢軍八旗官各一員駐防盛京。辛酉，以王文奎為陝西總督，焦安民為寧夏巡撫，黃圖安為甘肅巡撫，故明尚書張忻為天津巡撫，郝晉為保定巡撫，雷興為陝西巡撫。甲子，葬故明殉難太監王承恩於明帝陵側，給祭田，建碑。己丑，多鐸師至泗州。阿山等取泗北淮河橋，明守將焚橋遁，我軍遂夜渡淮。丁卯，諭曰：「流賊李自成殺君虐民，神人共憤。朕誕膺天命，撫定中華，尚復竊據秦川，抗阻聲教。爰命和碩豫親王移南伐之眾，直搗崤、函，和碩英親王秉西征之師，濟自綏德，旬月之間，全秦底定。憫茲黎庶，咸與維新。其為賊所脅誤者，悉赦除之，並蠲一切逋賦。大軍所過，免今年額賦之半，餘免三之一。」庚午，豫親王多鐸師至揚州，諭故明閣部史可法、翰林學士衛胤文等降。不從。甲戌，以孟喬芳為陝西三邊總督。以太宗第八女固倫公主下嫁科爾沁土謝圖親王巴達禮子巴雅斯護朗。丁丑，拜尹圖、圖賴、阿山等克揚州，故明閣部史可法不屈，殺之。辛巳，初行武鄉試。
五月壬午朔，河道總督楊方興進瑞麥。上曰：「歲豐民樂，即是禎祥，不在瑞麥。當惠養元元，益加撫輯。」癸未，以旱諭刑部慮囚。命內三院大學士馮銓、洪承疇、李建泰、范文程、剛林、祁充格等纂修明史。丙戌，多鐸師至揚子江，故明鎮海伯鄭鴻逵等以舟師分守瓜洲、儀真，我軍在江北，拜尹圖、圖賴、阿山率舟師自運河潛濟，梅勒章京李率泰乘夜登岸，黎明，我軍以次畢渡，敵眾咸潰。丁亥，以王志正為延綏巡撫。免高密元年額賦。賜諸王以下及百官冰，著為令。己丑，宣府妖民劉伯泗謀亂伏誅。庚寅，以王文奎為淮揚總督，趙福星為鳳陽巡撫。丙申，多鐸師至南京，故明福王朱由崧及大學士馬士英遁走太平，忻城伯趙之龍、大學士王鐸、禮部尚書錢謙益等三十一人以城迎降。興平伯高傑子元照、廣昌伯劉良佐等二十三人率馬步兵二十三萬餘人先後來降。丁酉，以郝晉為保定巡撫。免平度、壽光等六州縣元年額賦。戊戌，命滿洲子弟就學，十日一赴監考課，春秋五日一演射。故明中書張朝聘輸木千章助建宮殿，自請議敘。諭以用官惟賢，無因輸納授官之理，令所司給直。庚子，免章丘、濟陽京班匠價，並令直省除匠籍為民。甲辰，定叔父攝政王儀注，凡文移皆曰皇叔父攝政王。乙巳，免皇后租，並崇文門米麥稅。庚戌，宣平定江南捷音。乾清宮成，復建太和殿、中和殿、位育宮。
六月癸丑，免興濟縣元年額賦。甲寅，免近畿圈地今年額賦三之二。乙卯，以丁文盛為山東巡撫。丙辰，諭南中文武軍民薙髮，不從者治以軍法。是月，始諭直省限旬日薙髮如律令。辛酉，豫親王多鐸遣軍追故明福王朱由崧於蕪湖。明靖國公黃得功逆戰，圖賴大敗之，得功中流矢死。總兵官田雄、馬得功執福王及其妃來獻，諸將皆降。免永寧等四縣元年荒賦。丙寅，申薙髮之令。免深、衡水等七州縣元年荒賦。丁卯，陝西妖賊胡守龍倡亂，孟喬芳討平之。戊辰，皇太妃薨。辛未，何洛會率師駐防西安。命江南於十月行鄉試。己卯，詔曰：「本朝立國東陲，歷有年所，幅員既廣，無意併兼。昔之疆場用兵，本冀言歸和好。不幸寇凶極禍，明祚永終，用是整旅入關，代明雪憤。猶以賊渠未殄，不遑啟居，爰命二王，誓師西討。而南中乘釁立君，妄竊尊號，亟行亂政，重虐人民。朕夙夜祗懼，思拯窮黎，西賊既摧，乃事南伐。兵無血刃，循汴抵淮。甫克維揚，遂平江左。金陵士女，昭我天休。既俘福籓，南服略定，特弘大賚，嘉與維新。其河南、江北、江南官民絓誤，咸赦除之。所有橫徵逋賦，悉與蠲免。大軍所過，免今年額賦之半，餘免三之一。」
閏六月甲申，阿濟格敗李自成於鄧州，窮追至九江，凡十三戰，皆大敗之。自成竄九宮山，自縊死，賊黨悉平。故明寧南侯左良玉子夢庚、總督袁繼咸等率馬步兵十三萬、船四萬自東流來降。丙戌，定群臣公以下及生員耆老頂戴品式。己丑，河決王家園。庚寅，詔阿濟格等班師。辛卯，改江南民解漕、白二糧官兌官解。壬辰，諭曰：「明季台諫諸臣，竊名貪利，樹黨相攻，眩惑主心，馴致喪亂。今天下初定，百事更始，諸臣宜公忠體國，各盡職業，毋蹈前轍，自貽顛越。」定滿洲文武官品級。癸巳，命大學士洪承疇招撫江南各省。甲午，定諸王、貝勒、貝子、宗室公頂戴式。乙未，除割腳筋刑。癸卯，命吳惟華招撫廣東，孫之獬招撫江西，黃熙允招撫福建，江禹緒招撫湖廣，丁之龍招撫雲、貴。多鐸遣貝勒博洛及拜尹圖、阿山率師趣杭州，故明潞王出降，淮王自紹興來降。嘉興、湖州、嚴州、寧波諸郡悉平。分遣總兵官吳勝兆克廬州、和州。乙巳，改南京為江南省，應天府為江寧府。命陝西於十月行鄉試。
秋七月庚戌朔，享太廟。壬子，命貝勒勒克德渾為平南大將軍，同固山額真葉臣等往江南代多鐸。設明太祖陵守陵太監四人，祀田二千畝。癸丑，故明東平侯劉澤清率所部降。乙卯，以劉應賓為安廬巡撫，土國寶為江寧巡撫。丙辰，命謝弘儀招撫廣西。戊午，禁中外軍民衣冠不遵國制。己未，以何鳴鑾為湖廣巡撫，高斗光為偏沅巡撫，潘士良撫治鄖陽。甲子，上太祖武皇帝、孝慈武皇后、太宗文皇帝玉冊玉寶於太廟。乙丑，免西安、延安本年額賦之半，餘免三之一。戊辰，西平賊首劉洪起伏誅，汝寧州縣悉平。河決兗西新築月堤。己巳，詔自今內外章奏由通政司封進。丁丑，以陳錦提督操江，兼管巡撫。故明總漕田仰陷通州、如皋、海門，鳳陽巡撫趙福星、梅勒章京譚布等討平之。己卯，以楊聲遠為登萊巡撫。
八月辛巳，免霸、順義等八州縣災賦。乙酉，免彰德、衛輝、懷慶、河南各府荒賦。己丑，英親王阿濟格師還，賜從征外籓王、台吉、將佐金帛有差。癸巳，免真定、順德、廣平、大名災額賦。丙午，降將金聲桓討故明益王，獲其從官王養正等誅之，並獲鍾祥王朱孳菪等九人。丁未，以英親王阿濟格出師有罪，降郡王，譚泰削公爵，降昂邦章京，鰲拜等議罰有差。
九月庚戌，故明魯王將方國安、王之仁犯杭州，張存仁擊走之。癸丑，命鎮國公傅勒赫、輔國公札喀納等率師協防江西。丁巳，故明懷安王來降。辛酉，故明新昌王據云台山，攻陷興化，准塔討斬之。甲子，以河間、灤州、遵化荒地給八旗耕種，故明勛戚內監餘地並分給之。庚午，田仰寇福山，土國寶擊敗之。丁丑，江西南昌十一府平。
冬十月癸未，以馬國柱為宣大總督。戊子，故明翰林金聲受唐王敕起兵於徽州，眾十餘萬。洪承疇遣提督張天祿連破之於績溪，獲金聲，不屈，殺之。是時，故明唐王朱聿釗據福建，魯王朱彝垓據浙江，馬士英等兵渡錢塘結營拒命。庚寅，免寶坻縣荒賦。壬辰，免太原等府州災賦。癸巳，豫親王多鐸師還，上幸南苑迎勞之。丙申，以苗胙土為南贛巡撫。乙巳，以太宗次女固倫公主下嫁察哈爾汗子阿布鼐。丙午，以申朝紀為山西巡撫，李翔鳳為江西巡撫，蕭起元為浙江巡撫。戊申，加封和碩豫親王多鐸為和碩德豫親王，賜從征王、貝勒、貝子、公及外籓台吉、章京金幣有差。命孔有德、耿仲明還盛京。
十一月壬子，以張存仁為浙閩總督，羅綉錦為湖廣四川總督。癸丑，故明大學士王應熊、四川巡撫龍文光請降。甲寅，以吳景道為河南巡撫，命巴山、康喀賴為左右翼，同洪承疇駐防江寧，朱瑪喇駐防杭州，貝勒勒克德渾率鞏阿岱、葉臣討湖廣流賊二隻虎等。己未，朝鮮國王李倧請立次子淏為世子，許之。丁卯，朱瑪喇敗馬士英於餘杭，和託敗方國安於富陽。士英、國安復窺杭州，梅勒章京濟席哈等擊走之。戊辰，以何洛會為定西大將軍，遣巴顏、李國翰帥師會之，討四川流賊張獻忠。戊寅，以陳之龍為鳳陽巡撫。
十二月己卯朔，日有食之。乙酉，故明閣部黃道周寇徽州，洪承疇遣張天祿擊敗之。故明總兵高進忠率所部自崇明來降。癸巳，佟養和、金聲桓進討福建，分兵攻南贛，敗故明永寧王、羅川王、閣部黃道周等數十萬眾。丙午，更定朝儀，始罷內監朝參。丁未，朱瑪喇等敗方國安、馬士英於浙東。固原賊武大定作亂，總兵官何世元等死之。
是歲，朝鮮，歸化城土默特部章京古祿格，鄂爾多斯部喇嘛塔爾尼齊，烏朱穆秦部車臣親王，席北部額爾格訥，喀爾喀部土謝圖汗、古倫迪瓦胡土克圖喇嘛、石勒圖胡土克圖、嘛哈撒馬諦塞臣汗，厄魯特部顧實汗子多爾濟達賴巴圖魯台吉及回回國，天方國俱來貢。朝鮮四至。
三年春正月戊午，貝勒勒克德渾遣將敗流賊於臨湘，進克岳州。辛酉，固山額真阿山、譚泰有罪，阿山免職，下譚泰於獄。流賊賀珍、孫守法、胡向化犯西安，何洛會等擊敗之。金聲桓遣將攻故明永寧王於撫州，獲之，並獲其子朱孳榮等，遂平建昌。丙寅，故明潞安王、瑞昌王率眾犯江寧，侍郎巴山等擊敗之。戊辰，以宋權為國史院大學士。己巳，以肅親王豪格為靖遠大將軍，暨多羅衍禧郡王羅洛宏、貝勒尼堪、貝子屯齊喀、滿達海等帥師征四川。故明唐王朱聿釗兵犯徽州，洪承疇遣張天祿等擊敗之，獲其閣部黃道周殺之，進克開化。
二月己卯，貝勒勒克德渾破流賊於荊州，奉國將軍巴布泰等追至襄陽，斬獲殆盡。大軍進次夷陵，李自成弟李孜等以其眾來降。辛巳，免密雲荒賦。甲申，罷江南舊設部院，差在京戶、兵、工三部滿、漢侍郎各一人駐江寧，分理部務。乙酉，明魯王將劉福援撫州，梅勒章京屯泰擊敗之。何洛會遣將破流賊劉文炳於蒲城，賊渠賀珍奔武功。戊子，以柳寅東為順天巡撫。命肅親王豪格分兵赴南陽，討流賊二隻虎、郝如海等。丙申，遣侍郎巴山、梅勒章京張大猷率師鎮守江寧，甲喇章京傅誇蟾、梅勒章京李思忠率師鎮守西安。潛山、太湖賊首石應璉擁故明樊山王朱常闒為亂，洪承疇遣將擊斬之。丙午，命貝勒博洛為征南大將軍，同圖賴率師征福建、浙江。
三月辛亥，譯《洪武寶訓》成，頒行中外。乙卯，免近京居民田宅圈給旗人別行撥補者租賦一年。丁巳，何洛會敗賊劉體純于山陽。己未，以王來用總督山、陝、四川糧餉，馬鳴佩總督江南諸省糧儲。乙丑，賜傅以漸等進士及第出身有差。己巳，何洛會擊賊二隻虎於商州，大敗之。昌平民王科等盜發明帝陵，伏誅。壬申，多羅饒餘郡王阿巴泰薨。癸酉，封烏朱穆秦部塞冷、蒿齊忒部薄羅特為貝勒，阿霸垓部多爾濟為貝子。豪格師抵西安，遣工部尚書興能敗賊於邠州，固山額真杜雷敗賊於慶陽。故明大學士張四知自江南來降。
夏四月己卯，詔貝勒勒克德渾班師，孔有德、耿仲明、尚可喜、沈志祥各統所部來京。甲申，免錢塘、仁和間架稅。乙酉，命今年八月再行鄉試，明年二月再行會試。丁亥，免睢州、祥符等四州縣災賦。戊子，除貫耳穿鼻之刑。癸巳，除明季加徵太平府姑溪橋米稅、金柱山商稅、安慶府鹽稅。乙未，免靜海、興濟、青縣荒賦。丙申，江西浮梁、餘干賊合閩賊犯饒州，副將鄧雲龍等擊敗之。戊戌，攝政王多爾袞諭停諸王大臣啟本。己亥，以張尚為寧夏巡撫。罷織造太監。辛丑，諭曰： 「比者蠲除明季橫徵苛稅，與民休息。而貪墨之吏，惡其害己而去其籍，是使朝廷德意不下究，而明季弊政不終釐也。茲命大臣嚴加察核，並飭所司詳定賦役全書，頒行天下。」諭汰府縣冗員。甲辰，修盛京孔子廟。
五月丁未，蘇尼特部騰機思、騰機特、吳班代、多爾濟思喀布、蟒悟思、額爾密克、石達等各率所部叛奔喀爾喀部碩雷。命德豫親王多鐸為揚威大將軍，同承澤郡王碩塞等率師會外籓蒙古兵討之。四子部溫卜、達爾漢卓禮克圖、多克新等追斬吳班代等五台吉。庚戌，申隱匿逃人律。戊午，金聲桓克南贛，獲其帥劉廣胤。辛酉，豪格遣巴顏、李國翰敗賊於延安。壬戌，故明魯王、荊王、衡王世子等十一人謀亂，伏誅。癸亥，以葉克書為昂邦章京，鎮守盛京。豪格遣貝勒尼堪等敗賊賀珍於雞頭關，遂克漢中，珍走西鄉。乙丑，貝勒博洛遣圖賴等擊敗故明魯王將方國安於錢塘。魯王朱彝垓遁保台州。庚午，官軍至漢陰，流賊二隻虎奔四川，孫守法奔岳科寨。巴顏、李國翰追延安賊至張果老崖敗之。辛未，免沛、蕭二縣元、二年荒賦之半。
六月戊寅，免懷柔縣荒賦。丙戌，禁白蓮、大成、混元、無為等教。壬辰，以高士俊為湖廣巡撫。乙未，張存仁遣將擒故明大學士馬士英及長興伯吳日生等斬之。
秋七月甲寅，貝勒勒克德渾師還。丁巳，多鐸破騰機思等於毆特克山，斬其台吉毛害，渡土喇河擊斬騰機思子多爾濟等，盡獲其家口輜重。又敗喀爾喀部土謝圖汗二子於查濟布喇克上游。戊午，碩雷子陣查濟布喇克道口，貝子博和託等復大敗之。碩雷以餘眾走塞冷格。庚申，李國翰、圖賴等拔張果老崖。壬戌，江西巡撫李翔鳳進正一真人符四十幅。諭曰：「致福之道，在敬天勤民，安所事此，其置之。」戊辰，豪格遣貝子滿達海、輔國公哈爾楚渾、固山額真准塔趨徽州、階州分討流賊武大定、高如礪、蔣登雷、石國璽、王可臣等，破之。如礪遁，登雷、國璽、可臣俱降。
八月丙子，多羅衍禧郡王羅洛宏薨于軍。丁丑，豪格遣纛章京哈寧阿攻武大定於三台山，拔之。丁亥，博洛克金華、衢州，殺故明蜀王朱盛濃、樂安王朱誼石及其將吳凱、項鳴斯等，其大學士謝三賓、閣部宋之普、兵部尚書阮大鋮、刑部尚書蘇壯等降。浙江平。戊子，以孔有德為平南大將軍，同耿仲明、沈志祥、金礪、佟代率師征湖廣、廣東、廣西。免太湖、潛山二年及今年荒賦。癸巳，命尚可喜率師從孔有德南討。
九月己酉，故明瑞昌王朱誼氻謀攻江寧，官兵討斬之。甲子，免夷陵、石首等十三州縣荒賦十之七，荊門、江陵等四州縣十之五，興國、廣濟等十六州縣十之三。丙寅，故明崇陽王攻歙縣，副將張成功等敗之。丁卯，故明督師何騰蛟等攻岳州，官軍擊敗之。
冬十月丙子，鄭四維等克夷陵、枝江、宜都，改湖廣承天府為安陸府。己卯，和碩德豫親王多鐸師還，上郊勞之。辛巳，金聲桓遣將擒故明王朱常洊及其黨了悟等，誅之。甲申，以胡全才為寧夏巡撫，章於天為江西巡撫。金聲桓遣將克贛州，獲故明閣部楊廷麟殺之。癸巳，以李棲鳳為安徽巡撫。丁酉，免懷寧等四縣災賦。己亥，免延綏、庄浪災賦。壬寅，太和宮、中和宮成。
十一月癸卯朔，貝勒博洛自浙江分軍進取福建，圖賴等敗故明閣部黃鳴駿於仙霞關，遂克浦城、建寧、延平。故明唐王朱聿釗走汀州，阿濟格尼堪等追斬之，遂定汀州、漳州、泉州、興化，進克福州，悉降其眾。福建平。癸丑，免河間、任丘及大同災賦。丁巳，祀天於圜丘。己巳，豪格師至南部，時張獻忠列寨西充，鰲拜等兼程進擊，大破之，斬獻忠於陣，復分兵擊餘賊，破一百三十餘營。四川平。
十二月癸酉朔，故明遂平王朱紹鯤及其黨楊權等擁兵太湖，結海寇為亂，副將詹世勛等討斬之。庚戌，山東賊謝遷攻陷高苑，總兵官海時行討平之。壬午，故明高安王朱常淇及其黨江於東等起兵婺源，張天祿討平之。丙戌，以於清廉為保定巡撫，劉武元為南贛巡撫，免薊、豐潤等五州縣災賦。甲午，位育宮成。庚子，明金華王朱由搵起兵饒州，官軍擊斬之。
是歲，朝鮮，蒙古及歸化城土默特部古祿格，厄魯特部多爾濟達來巴圖魯、顧實汗，喀爾喀部買達里胡土克圖、額爾德尼哈談巴圖魯、戴青哈談巴圖魯、青台吉，科爾沁部多羅冰圖郡王塞冷，蒿齊忒部多羅貝勒額爾德尼，索倫部、使鹿部喇巴奇，鄂爾多斯部濟農台吉查木蘇，庫爾喀部賴達庫及達賴喇嘛，吐魯番俱來貢。朝鮮、厄魯特顧實汗、達賴喇嘛皆再至。
四年春正月戊申，輔國公鞏阿岱、內大臣吳拜等征宣府。壬子，命副都統董阿賴率師駐防杭州。興國州賊柯抱沖結故明總督何騰蛟攻陷興國。總兵官柯永盛遣將擒抱沖及其黨陳珩玉斬之。乙卯，以楊聲遠為淮揚總督，黃爾性為陝西巡撫。辛酉，以朱國柱為登萊巡撫。壬戌，陝西官軍擊延慶賊郭君鎮、終南賊孫守法，敗之。洪承疇遣將擊賊帥趙正，大破之。
二月癸酉，以張儒秀為山東巡撫。乙亥，佟養甲平梧州。丁丑，副將王平等擊賀珍、劉二虎賊黨於興安，敗之。癸未，詔曰：「朕平定中原，惟浙東、全閩尚阻聲教，百姓辛苦墊隘，無所控訴，爰命征南大將軍貝勒博洛振旅而前。既定浙東，遂取閩越。先聲所至，窮寇潛逋。大軍掩追，及於汀水。聿釗授首，列郡悉平。顧惟僭號阻兵，其民何罪，用昭大賚，嘉與維新。一切官民罪犯，咸赦除之。橫徵逋賦，概予豁免。山林隱逸，各以名聞錄用。民年七十以上，給絹米有差。」己丑，洪承疇擒故明瑞昌王朱議貴及湖賊趙正，斬之。乙未，朱聿釗弟聿鐭僭號紹武，據廣州，佟養甲、李成棟率師討之，斬聿鐭及周王肅𥄳、益王思、遼王術雅、鄧王器〓、鉅野王壽圠、通山王蘊越、高密王弘椅、仁化王慈魶、鄢陵王肅汭、南安王企壟等。廣州平。戊戌，以佟國鼐為福建巡撫。
三月戊午，賜呂宮等進士及第出身有差。己未，以耿焞為順天巡撫，周伯達為江寧巡撫，趙兆麟撫治鄖陽。庚申，諭京官三品以上及督、撫、提、鎮各送一子入朝侍衛，察才任使，無子者以弟及從子代之。壬戌，免崇明縣鹽課、馬役銀。乙丑，《大清律》成。丙寅，佟養甲克高、雷、廉三府。丁卯，命祀郊社太牢仍用腥。己巳，禁漢人投充滿洲。庚午，罷圈撥民間田宅，已圈者補給。
夏四月丁丑，田仰率所部降。己卯，高士俊克長沙，昂邦章京傅喀蟾討劉文炳、郭君鎮，殲之。乙酉，貝勒博洛班師。是役也，貝子和託、固山額真公圖賴皆卒于軍。甲午，陝西官軍斬孫守法。
五月壬寅，舟山海賊沈廷揚等犯崇明，官軍討擒之。己酉，故明在籍通政使侯峒曾遣諜致書魯王，偽許洪承疇、土國寶以公、侯，共定江南，為反間計，柘林游擊獲之以聞。上覺其詐，命江寧昂邦章京巴山等同承疇窮治其事。庚戌，免興國、江夏等十州縣上年災賦。癸丑，以佟養甲為兩廣總督，兼廣東巡撫。辛酉，投誠伯常應俊、總兵李際遇等坐通賊，伏誅。癸亥，上幸南苑。乙丑，班代、峨齊爾、胡巴津自蘇尼特來降。
六月壬申，免成安等七縣上年災賦。丙子，朝鮮國王李倧遣其子橑來朝。庚辰，故明趙王朱由棪來降。戊子，免綏德衛上年災賦。己丑，封貝勒博洛為多羅郡王。癸巳，陝西賊武大定陷紫陽，總兵官任珍擊敗之。湖廣官軍克衡州、常德及安化、新化等縣。甲午，蘇松提督吳勝兆謀叛，伏誅。丁酉，免山東上年荒賦。
秋七月辛丑，加封和碩德豫親王多鐸為輔政叔德豫親王。癸卯，建射殿於左翼門外。甲辰，免徐州上年荒賦。己酉，封敖漢部額駙班第子墨爾根巴圖魯為多羅郡王。癸丑，以申朝紀為宣大總督。丁巳，鄖陽賊王光代用永曆年號，聚眾作亂，命侍郎喀喀木等剿之。戊午，改馬國柱為江南江西河南總督。甲子，詔曰：「中原底定，聲教遐敷。惟粵東尚為唐籓所阻，嶺海怨咨，已非一日。用移南伐之師，席捲惠、潮，遂達省會。念爾官民，初非後至，一切罪犯，咸赦除之。逋賦橫徵，概與豁免。民年七十以上，加錫粟帛。所在節孝者旌，山林有才德者錄用。南海諸國能鄉化者，待之如朝鮮。」丙寅，以祝世昌為山西巡撫。丁卯，上幸邊外閱武。是日，駐沙河。
八月庚午，金聲桓擒故明宗室麟伯王、靄伯王於瀘溪山，誅之。甲戌，次西巴爾台。丙子，次海流土河口。壬午，次察漢諾爾。乙酉，豪格遣貝勒尼堪等先後克遵義、夔州、茂州、內江、榮昌、富順等縣，斬故明王及其黨千餘人。四川平。丙戌，次胡蘇台。辛卯，以張文衡為甘肅巡撫。丙申，上還宮。
九月辛丑，京師地震。辛亥，淮安賊張華山等用隆武年號，嘯聚廟灣。丁巳，以李猶龍為天津巡撫。辛酉，官軍討廟灣賊，破之。
冬十月庚午，以王懩為安徽巡撫。壬申，喀喇沁部卓爾弼等率所部來降。癸未，以吳惟華為淮揚總督，線縉為偏沅巡撫。戊子，定直省官三年大計。壬辰，以廣東採珠病民，罷之。
十一月庚戌，以陳泰為靖南將軍，同梅勒章京董阿賴征福建餘寇。辛亥，免山西代、靜樂等十四州縣，寧化等六所堡，山東德、歷城等十五州縣災賦。裁山東明季牙、雜二稅。戊午，五鳳樓成。癸亥，祀天於圜丘。
十二月戊辰，免保定、河間、真定、順德災賦。壬申，以陳錦為閩浙總督。己卯，以太宗十一女固倫公主下嫁喀爾嗎索納木。甲申，蘇尼特部台吉吳巴什等來歸。丙戌，大軍自岳州收長沙，故明總督何騰蛟等先期遁。次湘潭，敗桂王將黃朝選眾十三萬於燕子窩，又敗之于衡州，斬之，遂克寶慶，斬魯王朱鼎兆等。進擊武岡，桂王由榔走，追至靖州，下其城。復克沅州，岷王朱埏峻以黎平降。湖南平。庚寅，故明將鄭彩犯福州，副將鄒必科等敗走之。
是歲，科爾沁、喀喇沁、烏朱穆秦、敖漢、翁牛特、蘇尼特、札魯特、郭爾羅斯、蒿齊忒、阿霸垓諸部來朝。朝鮮暨喀爾喀部札薩克圖汗、墨爾根綽爾濟、額爾德尼綽爾濟、邁達禮胡土克圖、額爾德尼顧錫、伊拉古克三胡土克圖、嘛哈撒馬諦塞臣汗、俄木布額爾德尼、塞勒胡土克圖、滿珠習禮胡土克圖，札薩克圖汗下俄木布額爾德尼、巴顏護衛、舍晉班第、邁達禮胡土克圖，諾門汗下丹津胡土克圖，土謝圖汗下澤卜尊丹巴胡土克圖，碩雷汗下伊赫額木齊格隆、額參德勒哈談巴圖魯，厄魯特部台吉吳霸錫、顧實汗，羅布藏胡土克圖下巴漢格隆、盆蘇克扎穆蘇，阿布賚諾顏下訥門汗、巴圖魯諾顏、達雲綽爾濟、鄂濟爾圖台吉，蘇尼特部台吉魏正，札魯特部台吉桑圖，鄂爾多斯部濟農，歸化城土默特部章京托博克、諾爾布，唐古忒部及喇布札木綽爾濟、喇嘛班第達等俱來貢。
五年春正月辛亥，故明宜春王朱議衍據汀州為亂，總兵官於永綬擒斬之。癸丑，免太原、平陽、潞安三府，澤、沁、遼三州災賦。癸亥，和碩肅親王豪格師還。衍禧郡王羅洛宏卒于軍，至是喪歸，輟朝二日。
二月甲戌，金聲桓及王得仁以南昌叛。辛巳，江南官軍復無為州，福建官軍復連城、順昌、將樂等縣。癸未，免濟南、兗州、青州、萊州上年災賦。辛卯，以固倫公主下嫁巴林部塞卜騰。壬辰，以呂逢春為山東巡撫，李鑒為寧夏巡撫。故明貴溪王朱常彪、恢武伯向登位寇沅州，纛章京線國安等討斬之。
三月己亥，貝子吞齊、尚善等訐告和碩鄭親王濟爾哈朗，罪連莽加、博博爾岱、鰲拜、索尼等，降濟爾哈朗為多羅郡王，莽加等降革有差。辛丑，和碩肅親王豪格有罪，論死。上不忍置之法，幽系之。庚戌，命譚泰為征南大將軍，同何洛會討金聲桓。辛酉，以耿焞為宣大山西總督。甲子，武大定犯寧羌，游擊張德俊等大破之。
四月丁卯，以楊興國為順天巡撫。戊辰，免渭原、金縣、蘭州衛災賦。壬申，官軍復建寧，斬故明鄖西王朱常湖等。己卯，封科爾沁杜爾伯特鎮國公色冷為貝子。庚辰，遣固山額真阿賴等駐防漢中。壬午，大軍克辰州，遂破永寧，至全州，故明督師何騰蛟遁，獲貴溪王朱長標、南威王朱寅衛、長沙王朱由櫛等。銅仁、興安、關陽諸苗、瑤來降。丙戌，命劉之源、佟圖賴為定南將軍，駐防寶慶，李國翰為定西將軍，駐防漢中。丁亥，吳三桂自錦州移鎮漢中。
閏四月戊戌，復濟爾哈朗爵為和碩鄭親王。癸卯，以李國英為四川巡撫。己未，以遲日益為湖廣巡撫。癸亥，命貝子吞齊為平西大將軍，同韓岱討陝西叛回。
五月己丑朔，日有食之。戊辰，官軍破叛回於鞏昌，復臨洮、蘭州。辛未，游擊張勇破叛回於馬家坪，獲故明延長王朱識駉，斬之。壬午，以趙福星為鳳陽巡撫。癸未，以朱延慶為江西巡撫。甲申，官軍破金聲桓，復九江、饒州。己丑，以劉弘遇為安徽巡撫。
六月甲午朔，免西安、延安、平涼、臨洮、慶陽、漢中上年災賦。癸卯，以周文業為甘肅巡撫。甲辰，額塞等大破叛回於蘭州，餘黨悉平。丙辰，京師地震有聲。癸亥，太廟成。
秋七月丁丑，初設六部漢尚書、都察院左都御史，以陳名夏、謝啟光、李若琳、劉餘祐、黨崇雅、金之俊為六部尚書，徐起元為左都御史。
八月癸巳朔，金聲桓、王得仁寇贛州，官軍擊走之。己亥，陳泰、李率泰等敗鄭彩於長樂，又敗之於連江，復興化。己巳，命和碩英親王阿濟格、多羅承澤郡王碩塞等討天津土賊。丁未，禁民間養馬及收藏軍器。己酉，以王一品為鳳陽巡撫。壬子，令滿、漢官民得相嫁娶。乙卯，以夏玉為天津巡撫，張學聖為福建巡撫。
九月壬戌朔，官軍獲故明巡撫吳江等於南康湖口，斬之。甲子，和碩英親王阿濟格討曹縣土賊，平之。己巳，封貝勒勒克德渾為多羅順承郡王，博洛為多羅端重郡王。壬申，和碩鄭親王濟爾哈朗為定遠大將軍，討湖廣賊李錦。丁丑，封貝勒尼堪為多羅敬謹郡王。
冬十月壬寅，和碩禮親王代善薨。甲辰，佟圖賴復寶慶。丙辰，降將劉澤清結曹縣賊叛，澤清及其黨李洪基等俱伏誅。
十一月甲子，廣東叛將李成棟據南雄，結峒蠻犯贛州，巡撫劉武元等擊走之。丙寅，總兵官任珍擊賀珍，破之。戊辰，祀天於圜丘，以太祖武皇帝配。追尊太祖以上四世：高祖澤王為肇祖原皇帝，曾祖慶王為興祖直皇帝，祖昌王為景祖翼皇帝，考福王為顯祖宣皇帝；妣皆為皇后。上詣太廟上冊寶。辛未，以配天及上尊號禮成，御殿受賀，大赦。辛未，和碩英親王阿濟格、多羅端重郡王博洛、多羅承澤郡王碩塞等帥師駐大同，備喀爾喀。
十二月辛卯朔，命郡王瓦克達，貝子尚善、吞齊等詣阿濟格軍。調八旗游牧蒙古官軍之半，戍阿爾齊土蘇門哈達。癸巳，姜瓖以大同叛，總督耿焞走陽和。丙申，免平山、隆平、清豐災賦。戊戌，阿濟格圍大同。辛丑，復遣梅勒章京阿喇善、侍郎噶達渾詣阿濟格軍。癸卯，免大同災賦。壬子，楊捷等復都昌，獲故明兵部尚書余應桂，斬之。丁巳，以佟養量為宣大總督。
是歲，蘇尼特、扎魯特等部來朝。朝鮮，喀爾喀部俄木布額爾德尼、戴青訥門汗喇嘛、塞爾濟額爾德尼魏正、碩雷汗、邁達理胡土克圖、扎薩克圖汗下額爾德尼哈談巴圖魯，厄魯特部顧實汗、錫勒圖綽爾濟、諾門汗，索倫部阿濟布，鄂爾多斯部單達，蘇尼特部騰機忒，科爾沁貝勒張繼倫，歸化城固倫第瓦胡土克圖、丹津喇嘛額爾德尼寨桑，土默特部古祿格，烏思藏闡化王王舒克，湯古特達賴喇嘛俱來貢。朝鮮、厄魯特顧實汗、湯古特達賴喇嘛再至。
六年春正月壬戌，官軍復羅源、永春、德化等縣。癸亥，命多羅敬謹郡王尼堪等征太原。戊辰，諭曰：「朕欲天下臣民共登衽席，日夕圖維，罔敢怠忽。往年流寇作亂，慘禍已極，入關討賊，士庶歸心。乃邇年不軌之徒，捏作洗民訛言。小民無知輕信，惶惑逃散，作亂者往往而有。朕聞不嗜殺人，能一天下。書云：『眾非元後何戴，後非眾罔與守邦。』君殘其民，理所蔑有。自元年來，今六年矣，寧有無故而屠戮民者。民苟思之，疑且冰釋。至於自甘為賊，樂就死地，必有所迫以致此。豈督、撫、鎮、按不得其人，有司朘削，民難自存歟？將蠲免賦稅，有名無實歟？內外各官其確議興利除弊之策，朕次第酌行之。」辛未，姜瓖黨姚舉等殺冀寧道王昌齡，陷忻州，固山額真阿賴破走之。乙亥，諭曰：「設關徵稅，原以譏察姦宄，非與商賈較輜銖也。其各以原額起稅，毋得橫徵以充私橐，違者罪之。」諭山西大同軍民，無為姜瓖脅誘，來歸者悉予矜免。戊寅，行保舉連坐之法。庚辰，諭言官論事不實者，廷臣集議，毋輒下刑部。辛巳，以金廷獻為偏沅巡撫。壬午，譚泰、何洛會復南昌，金聲桓投水死，王得仁伏誅，九江、南康、瑞州、臨江、袁州悉平。癸未，山西賊黨劉遷寇代州，阿濟洛遣軍破走之。
二月癸卯，攝政王多爾袞征大同。免直隸省六年以前荒賦、四川商民鹽課。辛亥，故明宗室朱森釜等犯階州，吳三桂擊斬之。
三月癸亥，多爾袞拔渾源州。丙寅，漢羌總兵官張天福平賊渠覃一涵，獲故明山陰王等斬之。丁卯，土賊王永強陷延安、榆林等十九州縣，延綏巡撫王正志等死之。己巳，應州、山陰降，多爾袞旋師，留阿濟格於大同。辛未，進封多羅承澤郡王碩塞、多羅端重郡王博洛、多羅敬謹郡王尼堪為親王。王永強陷同官。壬申，廣信府知府楊國楨等復玉山縣。寧夏官軍克臨河等堡。乙亥，甘、涼逆回米喇印、丁國棟復作亂，甘肅巡撫張文衡等死之。丁丑，輔政和碩德豫親王多鐸薨，攝政王多爾袞師次居庸，還京臨喪。甲申，減隱匿逃人律。譚泰、何洛會破賊於南康，進克信豐，叛將李成棟走死，復撫州、建昌。江西平。丙戌，博洛遣鰲拜等大破姜瓖於大同北山。吳三桂擊敗王永強，復宜君、同官。
夏四月庚寅，遣羅碩、卦喇駐防太原。癸巳，阿濟格復左衛。乙未，命貝子吳達海等代征大同。丙申，吳三桂克蒲縣。癸卯，福建官軍復平和、詔安、漳平、寧洋。甲辰，賜劉子壯等進士及第出身有差。乙巳，皇太后崩。壬子，諭曰：「兵興以來，地荒民逃，流離無告。其令所在有司廣加招徠，給以荒田，永為口業，六年之後，方議徵租。各州縣以招民勸耕之多寡、道府以責成催督之勤惰為殿最。歲終，撫按考核以聞。」癸丑，以董宗聖為延綏巡撫。官軍克福寧，福建平。乙卯，賊黨陷汾州，命和碩端重親王博洛為定西大將軍，帥師討之。和碩敬謹親王尼堪移師大同。丁巳，封貝子滿達海為和碩親王。
五月辛酉，遣屠賴率師赴太原軍。丙子，以李棲鳳為廣東巡撫，郭肇基為廣西巡撫。免太原、平陽、汾州三府，遼、澤二州災賦。丁丑，改封孔有德為定南王，耿仲明為靖南王，尚可喜為平南王。命孔有德征廣西，耿仲明、尚可喜征廣東，各挈家駐防。裁直隸、江南、山東、浙江、陝西同知十，直隸、江南、河南、湖廣、江西、浙江通判二十一。免寶坻、順義五年災賦。辛巳，吳三桂、李國翰復延安。壬午，四川邊郡平。乙酉，和碩端重親王博洛復清源、交城、文水、徐溝、祁等縣。
六月庚子，朝鮮國王李倧薨。壬子，免滄州、清苑六年以前荒賦。癸丑，封張應京為正一嗣教大真人。乙卯，免江西四年、五年逋賦。
秋七月戊午朔，攝政王多爾袞復征大同。乙丑，滿達海、瓦克達征朔州、寧武。丁卯，免開封等府災賦。辛未，多爾袞至阿魯席巴爾台，校獵而還。遣纛章京索洪等益滿達海軍。癸酉，官軍平黃州賊三百餘砦，斬故明王朱蘊肏等。甲申，廣東餘寇犯南贛，官軍擊卻之。丙戌，吳三桂、李國翰復延綏鎮城。
八月癸巳，攝政王多爾袞還京。山西賊黨陷蒲州及臨晉、河津，孟喬芳討平之。甲午，免真定、順德、廣平、大名災賦。滿達海復朔州、馬邑。丁酉，端重親王博洛拔孝義。丙午，鄭親王濟爾哈朗等克湘潭，獲何騰蛟，不屈，殺之。辰州、寶慶、靖州、衡州悉平。進克全州。丁未，封朝鮮世子李淏為朝鮮國王。辛亥，以張孝仁為直隸山東河南總督。壬子，遣英親王阿濟格、貝子鞏阿岱等征大同。癸丑，梅勒章京根特等拔猗氏。乙卯，大同賊被圍久，飢死殆盡，偽總兵楊震威斬姜瓖及其弟琳來獻。丙辰，寧武關偽總兵劉偉等率眾降，靜樂、寧化山寨悉平。
九月戊午，封鄂穆布為多羅達爾漢卓禮克圖郡王，蘇尼特部噶爾麻為多羅貝勒。甲子，鄂爾多斯部額林臣、布達岱、顧祿、阿濟格札穆蘇等來降，封額林臣為多羅郡王，布達岱子伊廩臣、顧祿子色冷為固山貝子，阿濟格札穆蘇為鎮國公。丙寅，以夏玉為山東巡撫。癸酉，封固倫額駙祁他特為多羅郡王。甲戌，滿達海、博洛克汾州、平陽。
冬十月戊子，封多尼為和碩親王，傑書為多羅郡王。壬辰，京師地震。甲午，封勞親為親王。官軍復鄆城。戊戌，降將楊登州叛，陷山陰。己亥，免山東東平、長山等十八州縣五年災賦，江西六年以前明季遼餉。辛丑，攝政王多爾袞征喀爾喀部二楚虎爾。乙巳，陝西總兵官任珍擊故明將唐仲亨於屠油壩，斬之，並誅故明王朱常渶、朱由杠等。丙午，官軍復潞安。丁未，官軍克榆林。己酉，滿達海等拔沁、遼二州。庚戌，命滿達海還京，留瓦克達等定山西。
十一月丙寅，免直隸開、元城等縣徭賦，陝西岷州災賦。甲戌，多爾袞自喀吞布喇克旋師。免宣府災賦。壬午，耿仲明軍次吉安，畏罪自殺。
十二月乙酉朔，山西興、芮城、平陸三縣平。戊子，故明桂王將焦璉寇全州，勒克德渾等擊敗之，進克道州。努山等拔烏撒城。宜爾都齊等克黎平。己酉，官軍復鄰水、大竹二縣。庚戌，寧波、紹興、台州土寇平。
是年，朝鮮、阿霸垓、烏朱穆秦、土默特諸部，厄魯特部阿巴賴諾顏、績克什虎巴圖魯台吉、顧實汗子下達賴烏巴什溫布塔布囊，鄂爾多斯部郡王額林臣，喀爾喀部土謝圖汗、碩雷汗、戴青諾顏，歸化城土默特部古祿格等，伊喇古克三胡土克圖下戴青溫布達爾漢囊蘇及達賴喇嘛俱來貢。朝鮮、喀爾喀土謝圖汗再至。
七年春正月庚申，官軍復永寧、寧鄉。壬戌，官軍復南雄。癸酉，封鄂爾多斯部單達為貝勒，沙克查為貝子。甲戌，故明德化王朱慈業、石城王朱議陷大田，官軍討平之。丁丑，和碩鄭親王濟爾哈朗師還。
二月丁亥，上太后諡曰孝端正敬仁懿庄敏輔天協聖文皇后。甲午，以劉弘遇為山西巡撫，王一品為廣西巡撫。李建泰據太平叛，官軍圍之，出降，伏誅。平陽、潞安、澤州屬境俱平。
三月己未，日赤色如血。
夏四月甲午，孔有德擒故明將黃順、林國瑞於興寧，降其眾五萬。丙申，封科爾沁貝勒張繼倫為郡王。甲辰，多羅謙郡王瓦克達師還。
六月乙酉，保德州民崔耀等擒故明將牛化麟，斬之，以城降。癸卯，官軍復寧都、石城。
秋七月壬子朔，享太廟。乙卯，攝政王多爾袞議建邊城避暑，加派直隸、山西、浙江、山東、江南、河南、湖廣、江西、陝西九省錢糧二百五十萬兩有奇。辛酉，幸攝政王多爾袞第。多爾袞以貝子錫翰等擅請臨幸，下其罪，貝子錫翰降鎮國公，冷僧機、鰲拜等黜罰有差。壬戌，以馬之先為陝西巡撫。辛未，免西寧各堡寨五年災賦。
八月丁亥，降和碩端重親王博洛、和碩敬謹親王尼堪為多羅郡王。己丑，封巴林部塞卜騰、蒿齊忒部孛羅特為多羅郡王，科爾沁國顧穆、喀喇沁部古祿思喜布為多羅貝勒，改承澤親王碩塞、親王勞親為多羅郡王。
九月甲寅，故明將鄭成功寇潮州，總兵官王邦俊擊走之。丙子，免蘄、麻城等七州縣五、六兩年荒賦。
冬十月辛巳朔，日有食之。己亥，定陝西茶馬例。庚子，官軍克邵武，獲故明閣部揭重熙等，斬之。己酉，免桐城等六縣荒賦。
十一月甲寅，免甘肅去年災賦。乙卯，吳三桂復府谷，斬故明經略高友才等，餘眾降。壬戌，攝政王多爾袞有疾，獵於邊外。乙丑，尚可喜復廣州，餘眾降。戊寅，祀天於圜丘。
十二月戊子，攝政和碩睿親王多爾袞薨於喀喇城。壬辰，赴聞，上震悼，臣民為制服。丙申，喪至，上親奠於郊。己亥，詔曰：「太宗文皇帝升遐，諸王大臣籲戴攝政王。王固懷為讓，扶立朕躬，平定中原，至德豐功，千古無二。不幸薨逝，朕心摧痛。中外喪儀，合依帝禮。」庚子，收故攝政王信符，貯內庫。甲辰，尊故攝政王為懋德修道廣業定功安民立政誠敬義皇帝，廟號成宗。乙巳，諭曰：「國家政務，悉以奏聞。朕年尚幼，闇於賢否，尚書缺員，其會推賢能以進。若諸細務，理政三王理之。」
是年，喀爾喀、厄魯特、烏斯藏諸部巴郎和羅齊、達爾汗囊素、盆挫堅挫等來朝。朝鮮，喀爾喀部碩雷汗、札薩克圖汗、土謝圖汗、綽克圖魏正諾顏、戴青諾顏、那穆齊魏正諾顏、察哈爾墨爾根台吉、索那穆，厄魯特部巴圖魯貝勒、台吉鄂齊爾圖、干布胡土克圖、噶木布胡土克圖、舒虎兒戴青，烏斯藏部闡化王，索倫、使鹿諸部，歸化城土默特部古祿格俱來貢。朝鮮再至。
八年春正月己酉朔，蒿齊忒部台吉噶爾馬撒望、儲護爾率所部來歸。辛亥，以布丹為議政大臣。甲寅，和碩英親王阿濟格謀亂，幽之。其黨郡王勞親降貝子，席特庫等論死。乙卯，以蘇克薩哈、詹岱為議政大臣。丙辰，罷漢中歲貢柑及江南橘、河南石榴。戊午，罷諸處織造督進官役及陝西歲貢羢褐皮革。命和碩睿親王多爾袞子多爾博襲爵。己未，罷臨清歲造城磚。庚申，上親政，御殿受賀，大赦。詔曰：「朕躬親大政，總理萬幾。天地祖宗，付託甚重。海內臣庶，望治甚殷。自惟涼德，夙夜祗懼。天下至大，政務至繁，非朕躬所能獨理。凡我諸王貝勒及文武群臣，其各殫忠盡職，潔己愛人，利弊悉以上聞，德意期於下究。百姓亦宜咸體朕心，務本樂業，共享泰寧之慶。」孔有德克桂林，斬故明靖江王及文武官四百七十三人，餘黨悉降。壬戌，罷江西歲進龍碗。丙寅，以夏一鶚為江西巡撫。丁卯，升祔孝端文皇后於太廟。追尊故攝政王多爾袞為成宗義皇帝，祔於太廟。移內三院于禁城。己巳，以伊圖為議政大臣。免安州芝棉稅。丁丑，復封端重郡王博洛、敬謹郡王尼堪為和碩親王。以鞏阿岱、鰲拜為議政大臣。戊寅，以巴圖魯詹、杜爾瑪為議政大臣。
二月庚辰，進封滿達海為和碩巽親王，多尼為和碩信親王，羅可鐸為多羅平郡王，瓦克達為多羅謙郡王，傑書為多羅康郡王。更定錢制，每百文准銀一錢。辛巳，免朔州、渾源、大同荒賦。癸未，羅什、博爾惠有罪，論死。上欲宥其死，群臣執奏不可，遂伏誅。戊子，上昭聖慈壽皇太后尊號。己丑，大赦。免汶上等五縣六、七兩年災賦。辛卯，罷邊外築城之役，加派錢糧准抵八年正賦，官吏捐輸酌給議敘並免之。癸巳，蘇克薩哈、詹岱、穆濟倫首告故攝政王多爾袞逆節皆實，籍其家，誅其黨何洛會、胡錫。甲午，免山西荒賦。戊戌，封貝勒岳樂為多羅安郡王。己亥，暴多爾袞罪於中外，削其尊號及母妻追封，撤廟享。庚子，調陳泰為吏部尚書，以韓岱為刑部尚書。辛丑，上幸南苑。壬寅，命孔有德移駐桂林。癸卯，上還宮。乙巳，封和碩肅親王豪格子富壽為和碩顯親王。
閏二月戊申朔，湖南餘寇牛萬才率所部降。庚戌，封和碩鄭親王濟爾哈朗子濟度為多羅簡郡王，勒度為多羅敏郡王。甲寅，諭曰：「國家紀綱，首重廉吏。邇來有司貪污成習，百姓失所，殊違朕心。總督巡撫，任大責重，全在舉劾得當，使有司知所勸懲。今所舉多冒濫，所劾多微員，大貪大惡乃徇縱之，何補吏治？吏部其詳察以聞。」調黨崇雅為戶部尚書，金之俊為兵部尚書，劉餘祐為刑部尚書，謝啟光為工部尚書。免祥符等六縣七年災賦。乙卯，進封碩塞為和碩承澤親王。諭曰： 「榷關之設，國家藉以通商，非苦之也。稅關官吏，擾民行私，無異劫奪。朕灼知商民之苦。今後每關設官一員，悉裁冗濫，並不得妄咨勤勞，更與銓補。」丙辰，諭督撫甄別有司才德並優兼通文義者擢之，不識文義任役作奸者黜之，吏部授官校試文義不通者除名。己未，總兵官許爾顯克肇慶、羅定，徐成功克高州。禁喇嘛貢佛像、銅塔及番犬。壬戌，幽阿濟格於別室，籍其家，削貝子勞親爵為庶人。乙丑，大學士馮銓、尚書謝啟光等以罪免。諭曰：「國家設官，必公忠自矢，方能裨益生民，共襄盛治。朕親政以來，屢下詔令，嘉與更始。乃部院諸臣因仍前弊，持祿養交。朕親行黜陟，與天下見之。自今以後，其淬礪前非，各盡厥職。若仍上下交欺，法必不貸。」丙寅，諭曰：「各省土寇，本皆吾民，迫於飢寒，因而為亂。年來屢經撲剿，而管兵將領，殺良冒功，真盜未殲，民乃荼毒，朕深痛之。嗣後各督撫宜剿撫並施，勿藉捕擾民，以稱朕意。」丁卯，孔有德克梧州、柳州。戊辰，大學士洪承疇兼都察院左都御史，陳之遴為禮部尚書，張鳳翔為工部尚書。己巳，裁江南、陝西督餉侍郎，淮安總理漕運侍郎。庚午，固山額真阿喇善等剿山東賊。壬申，免涿、良鄉等十三州縣圈地。乙亥，定阿附多爾袞諸臣罪，剛林、祁充格俱坐罪。丁丑，諭曰：「故明宗籓，前以恣行不軌，多被誅戮，朕甚憫焉。自後有流移失所甘心投誠者，有司禮送京師，加恩畜養。鎮國將軍以下，即其地佔籍為民，各安厥業。」免宛平災賦。
三月壬午，端重親王博洛、敬謹親王尼堪以罪降郡王。癸未，命諸王、貝勒、貝子分管六部、理籓院、都察院事。乙酉，湖南保、靖、永順等土司來歸。丙戌，免武強上年災賦。己丑，以希福為弘文院大學士，陳泰為國史院大學士。改李率泰為弘文院大學士，寧完我為國史院大學士。以噶達渾為都察院承政，硃瑪喇為吏部尚書，雅賴為戶部尚書，譚布為工部尚書，藍拜為鑲藍旗滿洲固山額真。辛卯，定王公朝集例。壬辰，定襲爵例。癸巳，諭曰：「御史巡方，職在安民察吏。向來所差御史，苞苴請託，身已失檢，何由察吏？吏不能察，民何以安？今後各宜洗濯自新，務盡職事，並許督撫糾舉，都察院考覈以聞。」癸卯，定齋戒例。丙午，許滿洲、蒙古、漢軍子弟科舉，依甲第除授。
夏四月庚戌，詔行幸所過，有司不得進獻。遣官祭岳鎮海瀆、帝王陵寢、先師孔子闕里。土賊羅榮等犯虔州，副將楊遇明討擒之。乙卯，幸沙河。辛酉，次赤城。以王文奎總督漕運。甲子，次上都。丙寅，翁牛特部杜棱郡王等來朝。己巳，次俄爾峒。庚午，免朝鮮歲貢柑、柚、石榴。巴林部固倫額駙色布騰郡王等來朝。命故靖南王耿仲明子繼茂襲爵。辛未，還次上都河。壬申，次俄爾峒河。
五月丁丑朔，次謨護里伊札里河。夏一鶚擊明唐王故將傅鼎銓等，追入福建，擒鼎銓等斬之。辛巳，次庫爾奇勒河。壬午，烏硃穆秦部貝勒塞棱額爾德尼等來朝。乙酉，次西喇塔。調噶達渾為戶部尚書。以覺善為都察院承政，綽貝為鑲白旗蒙古固山額真。壬辰，次孫河。癸巳，還宮。丙申，免英山五年至七年荒逋賦。庚子，復博洛、尼堪親王爵。甲辰，御史張煊以奏劾尚書陳名夏論死。
六月丙午朔，幸南苑。官軍破陝西賊何柴山等於雒南。丁巳，阿喇善擊山東盈河山賊，平之。壬戌，罷太和山貢符篆、黃精。乙丑，定諸陵壇廟祀典。庚午，諭曰：「朕以有司貪虐，命督撫察劾。乃閱四五月之久而未奏聞。毋乃受賕徇私，為有司所制，或勢要挾持，不敢彈劾歟？此盜賊所由滋，而黎民無起色也。其即奉行前詔，直陳無隱。」辛未，詔故明神宗陵如十二陵，以時致祭，仍設守陵戶。廣東官軍復廉州及永安等十二縣。壬申，命修繕祖陵，設守戶，定祭禮，復朝日、夕月禮。
秋七月丙子朔，諭曰：「比者投充漢人，生事害民，朕甚恨之。夫供賦役者編氓也，投充者奴隸也。今反厚奴隸而薄編氓，如國家元氣及法紀何？其自朕包衣牛錄，下至王公諸臣投充人，有犯法者，嚴治其罪，知情者連坐。前有司責治投充人，至獲罪譴。今後與齊民同罰，庶無異視。使天下咸知朕意。」又諭曰：「大小臣工，皆朝廷職官，待之以禮，則朝廷益尊。今在京滿、漢諸臣犯罪，有未奉旨革職輒提取審問者，殊乖大體。嗣後各衙門遇官員有犯，或被告訐，皆先請旨革職，然後送刑部審問，毋得徑行提審，著為令。」戊子，大學士陳泰、李率泰以罪免。以雅秦為內國史院大學士，杜爾德為議政大臣。乙未，幸南苑。己亥，以陳名夏為內弘文院大學士。
八月丙午朔，上還宮。丁未，科爾沁卓禮克圖親王吳克善來朝。己酉，副將許武光請括天下藏金充餉。上曰：「帝王生財之道，在節用愛民。掘地求金，自古未有。」命逐去之。乙卯，以趙開心為左都御史。定順天鄉試滿洲、蒙古為一榜，漢軍、漢人為一榜，會試、殿試如之。戊午，冊立科爾沁卓禮克圖親王吳克善女博爾濟錦氏為皇后。壬戌，更定馬步軍經制。吏部尚書譚泰有罪，伏誅，籍其家。乙酉，大婚禮成，加上太后尊號為昭聖慈壽恭簡皇太后。丙寅，御殿受賀，頒恩赦。戊辰，追復肅親王豪格爵。己巳，詔天下歲貢物產不便於民者悉罷之。癸酉，陳錦、金礪等追故明魯王於舟山，獲其將阮進。
九月庚辰，定朝儀。壬午，命平西王吳三桂征四川。陳錦、金礪克舟山，故明魯王遁走。丙戌，雅賴、譚布、覺善免，以卓羅為吏部尚書，車克為戶部尚書，藍拜為工部尚書，俄羅塞臣為都察院左都御史，趙國祚為鑲紅旗漢軍固山額真。封阿霸垓部都司噶爾為郡王。固山額真噶達渾征鄂爾多斯部多爾濟。丁亥，除永平四關荒屯賦。壬辰，改承天門為天安門。癸巳，上獵於近郊。辛丑，還宮。癸卯，喀爾喀部土謝圖汗、車臣汗、塞臣汗等來貢。
冬十月己酉，以和碩承澤親王碩塞、多羅謙郡王瓦克達為議政王。辛亥，免宣府災賦。丁巳，以額色黑為國史院大學士。庚申，賜阿濟格死。辛酉，李國翰會吳三桂征四川。以馬光輝為直隸山東河南總督。甲子，免諸王三大節進珠、貂、鞍馬及衍聖公、宣、大各鎮歲進馬。乙丑，封肇祖、興祖陵山曰啟運山，景祖、顯祖陵山曰積慶山，福陵山曰天柱山，昭陵山曰隆業山。是日，啟運山慶雲見。
十一月乙亥朔，皇第一子牛鈕生。丙子，於大海率所部至夷陵請降。丙戌，尚可喜克雷州。乙未，免平陽、潞安二府，澤、遼、沁三州上年災賦。戊戌，以伊爾德為正黃旗滿洲固山額真，佟圖賴為正藍旗漢軍固山額真。庚子，免陽曲等四縣上年災賦。壬寅，免寧晉荒賦。
十二月丙午，免桐城等四縣上年荒賦。丁卯，以周國佐為江寧巡撫。
是年，朝鮮，厄魯特部額爾德尼台吉、昆都倫吳巴什、阿巴賴，喀爾喀部土謝圖汗、車臣汗、塞臣汗、顧實汗、台吉吳巴什，達賴喇嘛俱來貢。
九年春正月癸酉朔，上幸南苑。辛巳，以陳泰為禮部尚書。壬午，大學士陳名夏以罪免。雪張煊冤，命禮部議恤。京師地震。乙酉，以陳維新為廣西巡撫。壬寅，皇第一子牛鈕薨。
二月丁未，以祜錫布為鑲紅旗滿洲固山額真。噶達渾等討鄂爾多斯部多爾濟等於賀蘭山，殲之。戊申，和碩巽親王滿達海薨，追封和碩簡親王。庚戌，頒六諭臥碑文於天下。庚申，加封鄭親王濟爾哈朗為叔和碩鄭親王。辛酉，以陳之遴為弘文院大學士，孫茂蘭為寧夏巡撫。
三月乙亥，以王鐸為禮部尚書，房可壯為左都御史。贈張煊太常寺卿，仍錄其子如父官。庚辰，定官員封贈例。丙戌，罷諸王、貝勒、貝子管理部務。追降和碩豫親王多鐸為多羅郡王。丁亥，和碩端重親王博洛薨，追封和碩定親王。己丑，以陳泰為鑲黃旗滿洲固山額真。癸巳，以遏必隆、額爾克戴青、趙布泰、賴塔庫、索洪為議政大臣，覺羅郎球、胡世安為禮部尚書。鞏阿岱、錫翰、西訥布庫、冷僧機以罪伏誅，籍其產。拜尹圖免死，幽系。戊戌，多羅順承郡王勒克德渾薨，追封多羅恭惠郡王。己亥，賜滿洲、蒙古貢士麻勒吉，漢軍及漢貢士鄒忠倚等進士及第出身有差。
夏四月丙午，以蔡士英為江西巡撫。丁未，裁登萊、宣府巡撫。乙卯，以韓岱為吏部尚書，藍拜為刑部尚書，星訥為工部尚書，阿喇善為都察院左都御史。戊午，孔有德克廣西南寧、慶遠、思恩，故明將陳邦傅以潯州降。己未，免府州縣官入覲。庚申，定諸王以下官名輿服之制。乙丑，允禮部議，一月三朝，春秋一舉經筵。設宗人府官。
五月丁丑，詔京察六年一舉行。己卯，免江陰、青浦牛稅。壬午，以喀喀木為昂邦章京，鎮守江寧。庚子，幸南苑。
六月丁未，裁併直隸諸衛所。戊申，上還宮。庚戌，以和碩敬謹親王尼堪掌宗人府事，貝勒尚善、貝子吳達海為左右宗正。官軍討肇慶、高州賊，平之。丁巳，詔軍政六年一舉行。丙寅，設詹事府官。追諡圖爾格為忠義公，圖賴為昭勛公，配享太廟。
秋七月癸酉，故明將孫可望陷桂林，定南王孔有德死之。丙子，名皇城北門為地安門。浙閩總督陳錦征鄭成功，至漳州，為其下所殺。庚辰，免淮安六年、七年牙行逋稅。甲申，以和碩敬謹親王尼堪為定遠大將軍，征湖南、貴州。定滿官喪制。丁亥，以巴爾處渾為鑲紅旗滿洲固山額真。免磁、祥符等八州縣及懷慶衛上年災賦。吳三桂、李國翰定漳臘、松潘、重慶。遣梅勒章京戴都圍成都，故明帥劉文秀舉城降。己丑，免臨邑四縣荒徭賦。辛卯，天全六番、烏思藏等土司來降。戊戌，以祖澤遠為湖廣四川總督。
八月乙巳，更定王公以下婚娶禮。丙午，多羅謙郡王瓦克達薨。丁巳，命尼堪移師討廣西餘寇。
九月庚午朔，以朱孔格、阿濟賴、伊拜為議政大臣。辛巳，更定王以下祭葬禮。癸未，以纛章京阿爾津為定南將軍，同馬喇希征廣東餘寇。甲申，以劉清泰為浙江福建總督，王來用為順天巡撫。辛卯，幸太學釋奠。癸巳，賚衍聖公、五經博士、四氏子孫、祭酒、司業等官有差。敕曰：「聖人之道，如日中天，上之賴以致治，下之資以事君。學官諸生當共勉之。」
冬十月庚子，免沛縣六年至八年災賦。尚可喜、耿繼茂克欽州、靈山，故明西平王朱聿𨮔縛賊渠李明忠來降，高、雷、廉、瓊諸郡悉平。壬寅，官軍復梧州。癸卯，以歲飢，詔所在積穀，禁遏糴，旌輸粟。丙午，免三水等三縣六年災賦。壬子，以劉餘祐為戶部尚書。癸丑，免霸州、東安、文安荒賦。甲寅，孫可望寇保寧，吳三桂、李國翰大敗之。以希福、范文程、額色黑、車克、覺羅郎球、明安達禮、濟席哈、星訥為議政大臣，巴哈納為刑部尚書，藍拜罷。戊午，命和碩鄭親王世子濟度，多羅信郡王多尼，多羅安郡王岳樂，多羅敏郡王勒都，貝勒尚善、杜爾祜、杜蘭議政。辛酉，以阿爾津為安西將軍，同馬喇希移鎮漢中。丙寅，以李化熙為刑部尚書。丁卯，尊太宗大貴妃為懿靖大貴妃，淑妃為康惠淑妃。
十一月庚午，以卓羅為靖南將軍，同藍拜等征廣西餘寇。己丑，祀天於圜丘。庚寅，故明將白文選寇辰州，總兵官徐勇、參議劉升祚、知府王任杞死之。辛卯，尼堪抵湘潭，故明將馬進忠等遁寶慶，追至衡山，擊敗之，又敗之于衡州。尼堪薨于軍。追封尼堪為和碩庄親王。乙未，免忻、樂平等州縣災賦。
十二月辛丑，免太原、平陽、汾州、遼、沁、澤災賦。壬寅，詔還清苑民三百餘戶所撥投充人地，仍免地租一年。官軍復安福、永新。丙午，撤卓羅等軍回京。庚戌，幸南苑。戊午，還宮。廣東賊犯香山，官軍討平之。己未，覆命阿爾津為定南將軍，同馬喇希等討辰、常餘寇。甲子，免長武災賦。
是年，達賴喇嘛來朝。朝鮮，厄魯特部顧實汗、巴圖魯諾顏，喀爾喀部土謝圖汗下戴青諾顏、喇嗎達爾達爾漢諾顏，索倫部索郎阿達爾漢及班禪胡土克圖、第巴、巴喀胡土克圖喇嘛俱來貢。厄魯特顧實汗三至。
十年春正月庚午，諭曰：「朕自親政以來，但見滿臣奏事。大小臣工，皆朕腹心。嗣凡章疏，滿、漢侍郎、卿以上會同奏進，各除推諉，以昭一德。」辛未，諭：「言官不得捃摭細務，朕一日萬幾，豈無未合天意、未順人心之事。諸臣其直言無隱。當者必旌，戇者不罪。」癸酉，免庄浪、紅城堡、洮州衛災賦。丁丑，改洪承疇為弘文院大學士，陳名夏為祕書院大學士。庚辰，以貝勒吞齊為定遠大將軍，統征湖南軍，授以方略。丙戌，以多羅額駙內鐸為議政大臣。詔三品以上大臣各舉所知，仍嚴連坐法。庚寅，調金之俊為左都御史，以劉昌為工部尚書。癸巳，更定多羅貝勒以下歲俸。丙申，幸內苑，閱通鑒。上問漢高祖、文帝、光武及唐太宗、宋太祖、明太祖孰優。陳名夏對曰：「唐太宗似過之。」上曰：「不然，明太祖立法可垂永久，歷代之君皆不及也。」
二月庚子，封蒿齊忒部台吉噶爾瑪薩望為多羅郡王。壬子，大學士陳之遴免。甲寅，以陳之遴為戶部尚書。乙卯，以沈永忠為剿撫湖南將軍，鎮守湖南。己未，裁各部滿尚書之複者。庚申，以高爾儼為弘文院大學士，費揚古為議政大臣。辛酉，明安達禮、劉餘祐有罪，免。甲子，喀爾喀部土謝圖汗下賁塔爾、袞布、奔巴世希、扎穆蘇台吉率所部來歸。
三月戊辰，幸南臺較射。上執弓曰：「我朝以此定天下，朕每出獵，期練習騎射。今綜萬幾，日不暇給，然未嘗忘也。」賜太常寺卿湯若望號通玄教師。免山西岢嵐、保德七十四州縣六年逋賦，代、榆次十二州縣十之七。己巳，封喀爾喀部賁塔爾為和碩達爾漢親王，袞布為卓禮克圖郡王，奔巴世希為固山貝子。免薊、豐潤等十一州縣九年災賦。庚午，幸南苑。甲戌，免五臺縣逋賦及八年額賦之半。己卯，免江西六年荒地逋賦。辛巳，設宗學，親王、郡王年滿十歲，並選師教習。乙酉，還宮。丙戌，濟席哈免。以噶達渾為兵部尚書。甲午，復以馮銓為弘文院大學士。
夏四月丁酉，親試翰林官成克鞏等。庚子，御太和殿，召見朝覲官，諭遣之。諭曰：「國家官人，內任者習知紀綱，外任者諳於民俗，內外敭歷，方見真才。今親試詞臣，其未留任者，量予改授，照詞臣外轉舊例，優予司、道各官。」始諭吏部、都察院舉京察。甲辰，免湖南六年至九年逋賦、山西夏縣荒賦。丙午，以佟國器為福建巡撫。丁未，以圖海為弘文院大學士。壬子，以旱，下詔求直言，省刑獄。甲寅，命提學御史、提學道清釐學政。定學額，禁冒濫。改折民間充解物料，行一條鞭法。丁巳，定滿官離任持服三年例。己未，以成克鞏為吏部尚書。癸亥，免福州等六府九年以前荒賦三之一。
五月甲戌，停御史巡按直省。免祥符等七縣九年災賦，沔陽、潛江、景陵八年災賦。乙亥，封鄭芝龍為同安侯，子成功為海澄公，弟鴻逵為奉化伯。以喀喀木為靖南將軍，征廣東餘寇。免歷城等六十九州縣八、九年災賦。丁丑，定旌表宗室節孝貞烈例。己卯，詔曰：「天下初定，瘡痍未復，頻年水旱，民不聊生，飢寒切身，迫而為盜。魁惡雖多，豈無冤濫，脅從沈陷，自拔無門。念此人民，誰非赤子，摧殘極易，生聚綦難，概行誅鋤，深可憫惻。茲降殊恩，曲從寬宥，果能改悔，咸與自新。所在官司，妥為安插，兵仍補伍，民即歸農，不原還鄉，聽其居位，勿令失所。咸使聞知。」庚辰，定熱審例。乙酉，追封舒爾哈齊為和碩親王，額爾袞、界堪、雅爾哈齊、祜塞為多羅郡王。免武昌、漢陽、黃州、安陸、德安、荊州、岳州九年災賦。庚寅，加洪承疇太保，經略湖廣、廣東、廣西、雲南、貴州。壬辰，以張秉貞為刑部尚書。甲午，免霸、保定等三十一州縣九年災賦。
六月乙未朔，追封塔察篇古、穆爾哈齊為多羅貝勒。丁酉，諭曰：「帝王化民以德，齊民以禮，不得已而用刑。法者天下之平，非徇喜怒為輕重也。往者臣民獲罪，必下部議，以士師之任，職在明允。乃或私心揣度，事經上發，則重擬以待親裁；援引舊案，又文致以流刻厲。朕群生在宥，臨下以寬。在飢寒為盜之民，尚許自首，遐方未服之罪，亦予招攜。況於甿庶朝臣，豈忍陷茲冤濫？自後法司務得真情，引用本律，鉤距羅織，悉宜痛革，以臻刑措。」大學士高爾儼免。癸卯，復秋決朝審例。乙巳，命祖澤遠專督湖廣，孟喬芳兼督四川。丙午，免慈谿等五縣八年災賦。辛亥，賜故明殉難大學士范景文、戶部尚書倪元璐等及太監王承恩十六人諡，並給祭田，所在有司致祭。改折天下本色錢糧，行一條鞭法。癸丑，貝勒吞齊等敗孫可望於寶慶。庚申，以李率泰為兩廣總督。慈寧宮成。辛酉，增置內三院漢大學士，院各二人。癸亥，諭曰：「唐、虞、夏、商未用寺人，至周僅具其職，司閽闥洒掃、給令而已。秦、漢以來，始假事權，加之爵祿，典兵干政，貽禍後代。小忠小信，固結主心；大憝大奸，潛持國柄。宮庭邃密，深居燕閒，淆是非以溷賢奸，刺喜怒而張威福，變多中發，權乃下移。歷覽覆車，可為鑒戒。朕酌古准今，量為設置，級不過四品。非奉差遣，不許擅出皇城。外官有與交結者，發覺一併論死。」
閏六月丙寅，以成克鞏為祕書院大學士，張端為國史院大學士，劉正宗為弘文院大學士。乙亥，以金之俊為吏部尚書。庚辰，諭曰：「考之洪範，作肅為時雨之徵，天人感應，理本不爽。朕朝乾夕惕，冀迓天休。乃者都城霖雨匝月，積水成渠，壞民廬舍，窮黎墊居艱食，皆朕不德有以致之。今一意修省，祗懼天戒。大小臣工，宜相儆息。」
秋七月甲午朔，上以皇太后諭，發節省銀八萬兩賑兵民潦災。辛丑，以宜永貴為南贛巡撫。庚戌，皇第二子福全生。辛酉，以安郡王岳樂為宣威大將軍，率師駐防歸化城。
八月壬午，以太宗十四女和碩公主下嫁平西王吳三桂子應熊。尚可喜克化州、吳川。甲申，定武職品級。丙戌，以雷興為河南巡撫。己丑，廢皇后為靜妃。辛卯，李定國犯平樂，府江道周永緒，知府尹明廷，知縣塗起鵬、華鍾死之。
九月壬子，復刑部三覆奏例。丙辰，耿繼茂、喀喀木克潮州。丁巳，孟喬芳討故明宜川王硃敬樕於紫陽，平之。
冬十月癸亥朔，命田雄移駐定海。乙丑，馬光輝等討叛將海時行於永城，時行伏誅。丙寅，遣濟席哈討山東土寇。乙酉，設粥廠賑京師飢民。免通、密雲等七州縣災賦。戊子，命大學士、學士於太和門內更番入直。
十一月甲午，祀天於圜丘。戊戌，鄭成功不受爵，優諭答之。戊申，以亢得時為河南巡撫。己酉，官軍討西寧叛回，平之。乙卯，朱瑪喇、金之俊免。丙辰，免江南災賦。戊午，劉清泰剿九仙山賊，平之。己未，免江西五十四州縣災賦。
十二月丙寅，以陳泰為寧南靖寇大將軍，同藍拜鎮湖南。丁卯，以呂宮為弘文院大學士，博博爾代為議政大臣，馮聖兆為偏沅巡撫。辛未，幸南苑。甲戌，免金華八縣九年災賦。癸未，設兵部督捕官。以羅畢為議政大臣。甲申，免開封、彰德、衛輝、懷慶、汝寧九年、十年災賦。丙戌，鄭成功犯吳淞，官軍擊走之。丁亥，還宮。是夜，地震有聲。
是年，朝鮮，琉球，喀爾喀部土謝圖汗下索諾額爾德尼、額爾德尼哈談巴圖魯，厄魯特部顧實汗、顧實汗下台吉諾穆齊，索倫部巴達克圖，富喇村宜庫達，黑龍江烏默忒、額爾多科，烏思藏達賴喇嘛俱來貢。朝鮮再至。
十一年春正月辛丑，罷織造官。戊申，免江寧、安徽、蘇、松、常、鎮、廬、鳳、淮、徐、滁上年災賦。己酉，以袁廓宇為偏沅巡撫，胡全才撫治鄖陽。庚戌，廣東仁化月峒賊平。癸丑，鄭成功犯崇明、靖江、泰興，官軍擊走之。甲寅，以金礪為川陝三邊總督。乙卯，鄭成功犯金山。丁巳，免順德、廣平、大名、天津、薊州上年災賦。辛酉，官軍擊賊於桃源，誅偽總兵李陽春等。
二月癸亥，朝日於東郊。丙寅，諭曰：「言官為耳目之司，朕屢求直言，期遇綦切。乃每閱章奏，實心為國者少，比黨徇私者多，朕甚不取。其滌肺腸以新政治。」以金之俊為國史院大學士。庚午，甄別直省督撫，黜陟有差。丙子，始耕耤田。戊寅，免江西缺額丁賦。辛巳，命尚可喜專鎮廣東，耿繼茂移駐桂林。壬午，以馬鳴珮為宣大山西總督，耿焞為山東巡撫，陳應泰為山西巡撫，林天擎為湖廣巡撫，黃圖安為寧夏巡撫。癸未，官軍復平遠縣。甲申，諭曰：「比年以來，軍興未息，供億孔殷，益以水旱，小民艱食，有司失於拊循，流離載道。朕心惻然，不遑寢處。即核庫儲，亟圖賑撫。」己丑，免河南州縣衛所十年災賦。庚寅，以李廕祖為直隸山東河南總督。
三月壬辰，官軍擊桂東賊，擒其渠賴龍。戊戌，免湖廣襄陽、黃州、常德、岳州、永州、荊州、德安及辰、常、襄三衛，山東濟南、東昌十年災賦。辛丑，寧完我劾陳名夏罪，鞫實，伏誅。乙巳，以王永吉為左都御史。戊申，皇第三子玄燁生，是為聖祖。以蔣赫德為國史院大學士。乙卯，以多羅慧哲郡王額爾袞、多羅宣獻郡王界堪、多羅通達郡王雅爾哈齊配享太廟。以孟明輔為兵部尚書。
夏四月壬戌，賊渠曹志攀犯饒州，官軍擊敗之，志攀降。庚午，四川賊魏勇犯順慶，官軍擊敗之。壬申，地震。官軍擊故明將張名振等於崇明，敗之。癸酉，免洛南上年災賦三之一。己卯，幸南苑，賚所過農民金。乙酉，免保康等四縣上年被寇災賦。丁亥，以王永吉為祕書院大學士，秦世楨為浙江巡撫。戊子，江南寇徐可進、朱元等降。
五月壬辰，上還宮。甲午，幸西苑，賜大臣宴。庚子，以胡圖為議政大臣。甲辰，免平涼衛上年災賦。丙午，起黨崇雅為國史院大學士，以龔鼎孳為左都御史。丁未，遣官錄直省囚。庚戌，免興安、漢陰、平利等州縣上年災賦。辛亥，太白晝見。丙辰，以楊麒祥為平南將軍，駐防杭州。
六月己未朔，河決大王廟。丙寅，陝西地震。丁卯，以硃瑪喇為靖南將軍，征廣東餘寇。甲戌，立科爾沁鎮國公綽爾濟女博爾濟錦氏為皇后。庚辰，大赦。
秋七月戊子朔，封琉球世子尚質為中山王。壬辰，免秦州、朝邑、安定災賦。戊申，免鎮原、廣寧二縣災賦。丙辰，以佟代為浙閩總督。
八月戊午朔，免延安府荒賦。己未，官軍剿瑞金餘寇，誅偽都督許勝可等。庚申，罷直省恤刑官，命巡撫慮囚。辛酉，免真寧縣十年災賦。壬戌，山東濮州、陽穀等縣地震有聲。甲戌，以張中元為江寧巡撫。丙子，以張秉貞為兵部尚書。庚辰，以傅以漸為祕書院大學士，任濬為刑部尚書。壬午，故明樂安王硃議淜謀反，伏誅。
九月己丑，范文程以病罷。免西安、平涼、鳳翔三府十年災賦。庚寅，封線國安為三等伯。壬辰，申嚴隱匿逃人之禁。癸巳，免宣府、萬全右衛災賦。丙申，以董天機為直隸巡撫。壬子，以馮聖兆為延綏巡撫。
冬十月丁巳朔，享太廟。辛未，免廬、鳳、淮、揚四府，徐、滁、和三州災賦。丁丑，命重囚犯罪三法司進擬，仍令議政王、貝勒、大臣詳議。壬午，賑畿輔被水州縣。免祁陽等七縣逋賦。李定國陷高明，圍新會，耿繼茂請益師。
十一月丁亥，以陳泰為吏部尚書，阿爾津為正藍旗滿洲固山額真。尚可喜遣子入侍。壬寅，詔曰：「朕纘承鴻緒，十有一年，治效未臻，疆圉多故，水旱疊見，地震屢聞，皆朕不德之所致也。朕以眇躬託於王公臣庶之上，政教不修，瘡痍未復，而內外章奏，輒以『聖』稱，是重朕之不德也。朕方內自省抑，大小臣工亦宜恪守職事，共弭災患。凡章奏文移，不得稱『聖』。大赦天下，咸與更始。」癸卯，幸南苑。甲辰，耿繼茂遣子入侍。
十二月辛酉，和碩承澤親王碩塞薨。戊辰，免荊門、鍾祥等六州縣災賦。己巳，免磁、祥符等三十六州縣災賦。壬申，以濟度為定遠大將軍，征鄭成功。尚可喜、耿繼茂、硃瑪喇敗李定國於新會，定國遁走。乙亥，鄭成功陷漳州，圍泉州。丁丑，命明安達禮征羅剎。免西安五衛荒賦。江西賊霍武等率眾降。
是年，朝鮮，琉球，厄魯特部阿巴賴諾顏、諾門汗、額爾德尼達雲綽爾濟，索倫部索朗噶達爾漢，湯古忒部達賴喇嘛、諦巴班禪胡土克圖均來貢。
十二年春正月戊子，官軍敗賊於玉版巢，又擊藤縣賊，破之。庚寅，免東平、濟陽等十八州縣上年災賦。乙未，免直隸八府，河南彰德、衛輝、懷慶上年災賦。戊戌，詔曰：「親政以來，五年於茲。焦心勞思，以求治理，日望諸臣以嘉謨入告，匡救不逮。乃疆圉未靖，水旱頻仍，吏治墮汙，民生憔悴，保邦制治，其要莫聞。諸王大臣皆親見祖宗創業艱難，豈無長策，而未有直陳得失者，豈朕聽之不聰，虛懷納諫有未盡歟？天下之大，幾務之繁，責在一人，而失所輔導。朕雖不德，獨不念祖宗培養之澤乎！其抒忠藎，以慰朕懷。」辛丑，以韓岱為吏部尚書，伊爾德、阿喇善為都統。癸卯，以於時躍為廣西巡撫。甲辰，命在京七品以上，在外文官知府、武官副將以上，各舉職事及兵民疾苦，極言無隱。辛亥，修順治大訓。
二月庚申，復遣御史巡按直省。壬戌，大學士呂宮以疾免。癸亥，免成安等六縣上年災賦。己巳，賑旗丁。免平涼、漢陰二縣上年災賦。丙子，封博穆博果爾為和碩襄親王。免濱、寧陽等二十一州縣上年災賦。己卯，免滁、和二州上年災賦。庚辰，以陳之遴為弘文院大學士，王永吉為國史院大學士。癸未，耿繼茂、尚可喜敗李定國於興業。廣東高、雷、廉三府，廣西橫州平。
三月戊子，免湖廣石門縣上年災賦。以戴明說為戶部尚書。庚子，以佟國器為南贛巡撫，宜永貴為福建巡撫。壬寅，免鄖陽、襄陽二府上年被寇荒賦。甲辰，賜圖爾宸、史大成等進士及第出身有差。丁未，削續順公沈永忠爵。壬子，諭曰：「自明末擾亂，日尋干戈，學問之道，闕焉弗講。今天下漸定，朕將興文教，崇儒術，以開太平。直省學臣，其訓督士子，博通古今，明體達用。諸臣政事之暇，亦宜留心學問，佐朕右文之治。」癸丑，設日講官。
夏四月乙丑，免沈丘及懷慶衛上年災賦。丁丑，進封尼思哈為和碩敬謹親王，齊克新為和碩端重親王。癸未，詔修太祖、太宗聖訓。
五月乙酉，以圖海兼刑部尚書。辛卯，和碩鄭親王濟爾哈朗薨，輟朝七日。丁酉，以石廷柱為鎮海將軍，駐防京口。戊戌，以胡沙為鑲黃旗固山額真。庚子，以覺羅巴哈納為弘文院大學士。辛丑，靈丘縣地震有聲。乙巳，以覺羅郎球為戶部尚書。丙午，以李際期為兵部尚書。丁未，以恩格德為禮部尚書。己酉，以衛周祚為工部尚書。
六月甲寅，免杭州、寧波、金華、衢州、台州災賦。丁卯，諭曰：「朕覽法司章奏，決囚日五、六人，或十餘人。念此愚氓，兵戈災祲之後，復罹法網，深可憫惻。有虞之世，民不犯於有司。漢文帝、唐太宗亦幾致刑措。今犯法日眾，豈風俗日偷歟？抑朝廷德教未敷，或讞獄者有失入歟？嗣後法司其明慎用刑，務求平允。」戊辰，免房山縣上年災賦。桂王將劉文秀寇常德，遣其黨犯岳州、武昌，官軍擊走之。己卯，封博果鐸為和碩庄親王。辛巳，命內十三衙門立鐵牌。諭曰：「中官之設，自古不廢。任使失宜，即貽禍亂。如明之王振、汪直、曹吉祥、劉瑾、魏忠賢輩，專權擅政，陷害忠良，出鎮典兵，流毒邊境，煽黨頌功，謀為不軌，覆敗相尋，深可鑒戒。朕裁定內官職掌，法制甚明。如有竊權納賄，交結官員，越分奏事者，凌遲處死。特立鐵牌，俾世遵守。」
秋七月癸未朔，日有食之。壬辰，復遣廷臣恤刑。辛亥，命直省繪進輿圖。
八月丙辰，免靈丘縣災賦。癸亥，以阿爾津為寧南靖寇大將軍，同卓羅駐防荊州，祖澤潤防長沙。乙丑，以多羅安郡王岳樂為左宗正，貝勒杜蘭為右宗正。癸酉，諭曰：「畿輔天下根本，部臣以運河決口，議徵逋賦。朕念畿內水旱相仍，人民荼苦，復供舊稅，其何以堪。今悉與蠲免。工築之費，別事籌畫。」免曹、城武等七州縣及臨清衛、齊河屯上年災賦。
九月癸未，免鳳陽災賦。壬寅，定武會試中式殿試如文進士。硃瑪喇、敦拜師還。丙午，頒御制資政要覽、范行恆言、勸善要言、儆心錄，異姓公以下，文三品以上各一部。戊申，免兩當、寧遠二縣災賦。
冬十月辛亥朔，設尚寶司官。壬子，免蔚州及陽和、陽高二衛災賦。己未，免甘州、肅州、涼州、西寧災賦。辛酉，命每年六月慮囚，七月覆奏，著為令。癸亥，免磁、獲嘉等八州縣災賦。甲子，免隆平十一年以前逋賦、淄川等八縣災賦。丙寅，免宣府、大同災賦。戊辰，詔曰：「帝王以德化民，以刑輔治。苟律例輕重失宜，官吏舞文出入，政平訟理，其道曷由。朕覽讞獄本章，引用每多未愜。其以現行律例繕呈，朕將親覽更定之。」辛未，以祝世允為鑲紅旗滿洲固山額真。癸酉，以孫廷銓為兵部尚書。乙亥，修玉牒。丙子，龔鼎孳以罪免。
十一月壬午，免濱、堂邑等十三州縣災賦。癸未，鄭成功將犯舟山。乙酉，巡按御史顧仁坐納賄，棄市。丁亥，諭曰：「國家設督撫巡按，振綱立紀，剔弊發奸，將令互為監察。近來積習，乃彼此容隱。凡所糾劾止末員，豈稱設官之意。嗣有瞻顧徇私者，並坐其罪。」鄭成功將陷舟山，副將把成功降於賊。戊子，幸南苑。免鄖陽、襄陽逋賦，汲、淇、胙城等縣災賦。戊申，免臨漳災賦。
十二月丙辰，免耀州、同官、雒南災賦。癸亥，免安吉、仁和等十州縣，宣化八衛災賦。乙丑，頒大清滿字律。免臨清、齊河等十州縣，東昌衛災賦。丙寅，於時躍、祖澤遠平九團兩都瑤、僮一百九十二寨。己巳，多羅敏郡王勒度薨。癸酉，免涿、慶雲等三十三州縣，永平衛災賦。甲戌，以宜爾德為寧海大將軍，討舟山寇。以秦世禎為安徽巡撫，提督操江，陳應泰為浙江巡撫，白如梅為山西巡撫。免臨海等十八縣，祥符、蘭陽二縣，懷慶、群牧二衛災賦。
是年，喀爾喀部額爾德尼諾穆齊台吉、門章墨爾根楚虎爾台吉、伊世希布額爾德尼台吉、額爾克戴青台吉來朝。朝鮮，喀爾喀部畢席勒爾圖汗、俄木布額爾德尼、澤卜尊丹巴胡土克圖、丹津喇嘛、車臣汗、土謝圖汗、土謝圖汗下喇嘛塔爾達爾漢諾顏，厄魯特部杜喇爾渾津台吉、都喇爾渾津阿里錄克三拖因、阿巴賴諾顏、鄂齊爾圖台吉、噶爾丹霸，索倫部馬魯凱，訥墨禮河頭目伊庫達，黑龍江頭目庫拜，班禪胡土克圖，俄羅斯察幹汗遣使均來貢。朝鮮三至。厄魯特阿巴賴、鄂齊爾圖台吉再至。
十三年春正月庚辰朔，幸南苑。癸未，諭修通鑒全書、《孝經衍義》。丙申，免漢中、鳳翔、西安上年災賦。己亥，鄭成功將犯台州，副將馬信以城叛，降於賊。庚子，免廣德上年災賦十之一。甲辰，免富陽等六縣上年災賦。乙巳，免江西八年逋賦。
二月戊午，免荊州、安陸、常德、武昌、黃州上年災賦。庚申，免廣平上年災賦。丙寅，免岢嵐、五台上年災賦。戊辰，命兩廣總督移駐梧州。官軍敗李定國於南寧。庚午，定部院滿官三年考滿、六年京察例。以李率泰為浙閩總督，王國光為兩廣總督。甲戌，以趙布泰為鑲黃旗固山額真。丙子，幸南苑，較射。免東平、濮、長山上年災賦。己卯，大學士馮銓致仕。
三月庚辰，幸瀛台。癸未，免景陵等九縣上年災賦。癸巳，以費雅思哈為議政大臣，馬之先為川陝三邊總督。乙未，陳之遴有罪，以原官發盛京閒住。癸卯，諭曰：「朝廷立賢無方，比來罷譴雖多南人，皆以事論斥，非有所左右也。諸臣毋歧方隅，毋立門戶，毋挾忿肆誣，毋摭嫌苛訐，庶還蕩平之治。」丙午，諭曰：「朕親政以來，夙夜兢業，每期光昭祖德，蚤底治平，克當天心，以康民物。方睿王攝政，斥忠任奸，百姓怨嗟，望朕親政。乃者冬雷春雪，隕石雨土，所在見告。六載之中，康乂未奏，災祲時聞。是朕有負於百姓也。用是恐懼靡寧，冀昭告於上帝祖宗，實圖省戒，有司其涓日以聞。」
夏四月辛亥，廣西故明永安王硃華堧及土司等來降。乙卯，以災變祭告郊廟。辛酉，官軍破賊姚黃於夷陵。壬戌，太原陽曲地震。丁卯，以覺羅科爾坤為吏部尚書。庚午，免麟游荒賦。壬申，以梁清標為兵部尚書。丁丑，尚可喜復揭陽、普寧、澄海三縣。
五月辛卯，免大寧荒賦。癸巳，幸南苑。己亥，以羅託為鑲藍旗滿洲固山額真。覺羅郎球免。命明安達禮為理籓院尚書。以張懸錫為宣大總督。免荊門、京山等十一州縣，襄陽衛上年災賦。
閏五月戊申，幸瀛台。丙辰，廣西都康等府土官來降。己未，乾清宮、坤寧宮、交泰殿及景仁、永壽、承乾、翊坤、鍾粹、儲秀宮成。以郎廷佐為江南江西總督，劉漢祚為福建巡撫。丙寅，以張朝璘為江西巡撫。
六月己丑，諭曰：「滿洲家人皆征戰所得，故立嚴法以儆逋逃。比年株連無已，朕心惻焉。念此仆隸，亦皆人子。苟以恩結，寧不知感。若任情因辱，雖嚴何益。嗣後宜體朕意。」壬辰，莒州地震有聲。庚子，免桃源上年荒賦。辛丑，容美土司田吉麟降。癸卯，命固山額真郎賽駐防福建。撤直省督催稅糧滿官。寧化賊帥黃素禾來降。
秋七月丁未朔，享太廟。戊申，官軍敗明桂王將龍韜於廣西，斬之。己酉，和碩襄親王博穆博果爾薨。庚戌，鄭成功將黃梧等以海澄來降。壬子，上初御乾清宮。癸丑，大赦。戊午，以佟延年為甘肅巡撫。
八月戊寅，免廣信、饒州、吉安上年災賦。己丑，免莆田、仙游、興平衛十一、十二兩年災賦。辛卯，賑畿輔。壬辰，封黃梧為海澄公。停滿官榷關。癸巳，鄭成功軍陷閩安鎮，進圍福州，官軍擊卻之。丁酉，免順天比年災賦。己亥，免靖遠、洮岷等衛災賦。辛丑，命三年大閱，著為令。乙巳，免大同上年災賦。
九月丙午，官軍敗鄭成功將於夏關，又敗之于衡水洋，遂復舟山。癸亥，鄭成功將官顧忠來降。壬申，追封和碩肅親王豪格為和碩武肅親王。
冬十月丁丑，以蔣國柱為安徽巡撫，提督操江。戊寅，設登聞鼓。己卯，免宣府災賦，延綏鎮神木縣十之三。庚辰，四川賊帥鄧希明、張元凱率眾降。甲午，以胡全才為湖廣總督。乙未，幸南苑。丙申，以張尚撫治鄖陽。辛丑，官軍復辰州。壬寅，免和順縣災賦十之三。永順土司彭弘澍率所屬三州六司三百八十峒來降。癸卯，命陳之遴還京。
十一月丙午，還宮。丁未，興京陵工成。庚戌，祀天於圜丘。辛亥，幸南苑。申嚴左道之禁。戊午，免清水縣、鳳翔所災賦。丙寅，以張長庚為湖廣巡撫。免海州荒賦。辛未，免洛川災賦。
十二月己卯，冊內大臣鄂碩女董鄂氏為皇貴妃，頒恩赦。戊子，還宮。己丑，封盆挫監挫為闡化王。乙未，以李廕祖為湖廣總督。丁酉，加上皇太后尊號曰昭聖慈壽恭簡安懿章慶皇太后。戊戌，頒恩赦。
是年，土謝圖親王巴達禮、卓禮克圖親王吳克善、達爾漢巴圖魯郡王滿硃習禮、固倫額駙阿布鼐親王來朝。朝鮮，荷蘭，吐魯番，烏斯藏闡化王，喀爾喀部索特拔、宜爾登諾顏、喇嘛塔爾多爾濟達爾漢諾顏、車臣汗、土謝圖汗，土謝圖汗下丹津喇嘛、戴青、額爾德尼喇嘛，厄魯特部達賴吳巴什台吉、訥穆齊台吉、阿巴賴諾顏、察罕台吉、馬賴台吉、什虎兒戴青、額爾德尼台吉、顧實汗下色棱諾顏，索倫部達爾巴均來貢。喀爾喀土謝圖汗、宜爾登諾顏再至。
十四年春正月辛亥，祈穀於上帝，以太祖武皇帝配。癸丑，以魏裔介為左都御史。甲寅，宜爾德師還。乙卯，以張懸錫為直隸山東河南總督。官軍敗鄭成功將於烏龍江，又敗之於惠安縣。戊午，諭曰：「制科取士，計吏薦賢，皆朝廷公典。臣子乃以市恩，甚無謂也。師生之稱，必道德相成，授受有自，方足當之。豈可攀援權勢，無端親暱。考官所得，及薦舉屬吏，輒號門生。賄賂公行，徑竇百出，鑽營黨附，相煽成風。朕欲大小臣工杜絕弊私，恪守職事，犯者論罪。」修金陵寢。庚申，以盧崇峻為宣大總督。甲子，諭曰：「我國家之興，治兵有法。今八旗人民，怠於武事，遂至軍旅隳敝，不及曩時。皆由限年定額，考取生童，鄉會兩試，即得錄用，及各衙門考取他赤哈哈番、筆帖式，徒以文字得官，遷轉甚速，以故人樂趨之。其一切停止。」丁卯，封猛峨、塔爾納為多羅郡王，多爾博為多羅貝勒，皇貴妃父鄂碩為三等伯。
二月戊寅，祭社稷。命儒臣纂修《易經》。癸未，故明崇陽王硃蘊鈐等來降。丁酉，祭歷代帝王廟。己亥，寬隱匿逃人律。以賽音達理為正白旗漢軍固山額真。壬寅，山西雲鎮地震有聲。癸卯，免沔陽、益陽上年災賦。
三月己酉，奉太宗文皇帝配享圜丘及祈穀壇。多羅郡王塔爾納薨。壬子，奉太祖武皇帝、太宗文皇帝配享方澤。癸丑，以配享禮成，大赦天下。甲寅，詔求遺書。丙辰，復孔子位號曰至聖先師。丁卯，定遠大將軍濟度師還。
夏四月甲戌，興寧縣雷連十二峒瑤官龐國安等來降。丁丑，流鄭芝龍於寧古塔。癸未，四川保寧府威、茂二州地大震。乙酉，以濟席哈為正紅旗滿洲都統。丁亥，以久旱，恤刑獄。辛卯，禱雨於郊壇，未還宮，大雨。丁酉，幸南苑。戊戌，置盛京奉天府。
五月癸卯朔，日有食之。丙午，以道喇為正紅旗蒙古固山額真。甲寅，封濟度為和碩簡親王。丁巳，以覺羅伊圖為兵部尚書。戊午，還宮。
六月辛巳，免彰德、衛輝二府上年災賦。壬午，免武陵縣上年災賦。辛丑，洪承疇以疾解任。
秋七月丙辰，削左都御史魏裔介職，仍戴罪辦事。庚申，以硃之錫為河道總督。
八月壬申，命敦拜為總管，駐防盛京。己丑，免山西荒地逃丁徭賦。丙申，鄭成功犯台州，紹台道蔡瓊枝叛，降於賊。丁酉，賚八旗貧丁。
九月辛丑，以亢得時為漕運總督，李國英為川陝三邊總督。丙午，初御經筵。以賈漢復為河南巡撫。癸丑，以高民瞻為四川巡撫。停直省秋決。丙寅，官軍復閩安鎮。丁卯，京師地震有聲。戊辰，詔曰：「自古變不虛生，率由人事。朕親政七載，政事有乖，致災譴見告，地震有聲。朕躬修省，文武群臣亦宜協心盡職。朕有闕失，輔臣陳奏毋隱。」
冬十月壬申，以開日講祭告先師孔子於弘德殿。免新樂上年災賦。癸酉，命固山額真趙布泰駐防江寧。丙子，皇第四子生。修賦役全書。辛巳，幸南苑。乙酉，閱武。丁亥，修孔子廟。戊子，還宮。庚寅，改梁化鳳為水師總兵官，駐防崇明。甲午，順天考官李振鄴、張我朴等坐受賄棄市。乙未，昭事殿、奉先殿成。
十一月壬寅，幸南苑。皇第五子常寧生。丙午，進安郡王岳樂為親王。庚戌，免吉水等八縣災賦。戊午，免霸、寶坻等二十八州縣，保安等四衛災賦。辛酉，荊州賊田國欽等來降。壬戌，明桂王將孫可望來降。固山貝子吞齊喀以罪削爵。
十二月癸酉，覆命洪承疇經略五省，同羅託等取貴州。免新建、豐城災賦。甲戌，封孫可望為義王。癸未，命吳三桂自四川，趙布泰自廣西，羅託自湖南取貴州。丙戌，明桂王將譚新傳等降。丙申，以皇太后疾愈，賚旗兵，賑貧民。
是年，朝鮮，喀爾喀部畢席勒爾圖汗、冰圖台吉、額爾德尼韋徵諾顏、吳巴什諾顏、土謝圖汗下完書克諾顏，厄魯特部敖齊爾圖台吉子伊拉古克三、班第大胡土克圖、綽克圖台吉、巴圖魯台吉、達賴烏巴什台吉，索倫部馬魯喀、虎爾格吳爾達爾漢，東夷託科羅氏、南迪歐，達賴喇嘛、班禪胡土克圖均來貢。朝鮮三至。
十五年春正月庚子，大赦。詔曰：「帝王孝治天下，禮莫大乎事親。比者皇太后聖躬違和，朕夙夜憂懼。賴荷天眷，今已大安。遘茲大慶，宜沛殊恩。其自王公以下，中外臣僚，並加恩賚。直省逋賦，悉與豁免。吏民一切詿誤，咸赦除之。」壬寅，停祭堂子。以多羅信郡王多尼為安遠靖寇大將軍，率師征雲南。戊午，祀圜丘，己未，祀方澤，辛酉，祀太廟社稷，以太后疾愈故。皇第四子薨。丙寅，以周召南為延綏巡撫。
二月甲戌，賑畿輔。甲申，免武清、漷上年災賦。己丑，減遼陽稅額。辛卯，川東賊帥張京等來降。甲午，命部院官各條陳事宜。乙未，御經筵。
三月辛丑，李定國黨閆維龍等陷橫州，官軍擊走之。甲辰，內監吳良輔以受賄伏誅。壬子，免襄陽、鄖陽荒賦。戊午，追封科爾沁巴圖魯王女為悼妃。甲子，追封皇第四子為和碩榮親王。
夏四月辛未，賜孫承恩等進士及第出身有差。丙子，官軍敗賊於合州，克重慶。癸未，免江夏等七縣十三年災賦。丙戌，較射於景山。辛卯，免淳化荒賦。大學士王永吉以罪免。壬辰，大學士陳之遴復以罪流盛京。
五月丁酉朔，日有食之。癸卯，調衛周祚為吏部尚書。戊申，以劉昌為工部尚書。更定銓選法。辛亥，鄭成功將犯澄海，游擊劉進忠以城叛，降於成功。壬子，免山東十一年以前灶丁逋課。己未，較射於景山。辛酉，裁詹事府官。壬戌，廣西賊將賀九儀犯賓州，官兵擊敗之。癸亥，以胡世安、衛周祚、李霨為內院大學士。甲子，官軍復沅靖，進取貴陽、平越、鎮遠等府，南丹、那地、獨山等州，撫寧土司俱降。
六月戊辰，吳三桂等敗李定國將劉正國於三坡，克遵義，拔開州。辛未，以趙廷臣為貴州巡撫。壬申，以佟國器為浙江巡撫，蘇弘祖為南贛巡撫。丙子，官軍敗海寇於白沙。辛巳，以李棲鳳為兩廣總督。甲申，以王崇簡為禮部尚書。壬辰，免靖、沅陵等十五州縣及平溪九衛所額賦。癸巳，鄭成功犯溫州，陷平陽、瑞安。
秋七月己亥，裁宣大總督。己酉，以潘朝選為保定巡撫。庚戌，沙爾虎達擊羅剎，敗之。改內三院大學士為殿閣大學士。設翰林院及掌院學士官。增各道御史三十人。己未，免桂陽、衡陽等十州縣上年災賦。甲子，以巴哈、費揚古、郭邁、屠祿會、馬爾濟哈、鄂莫克圖、坤巴圖魯、鄔布格德墨爾根袍、喀蘭圖、鄂塞、博洛塞冷、巴特瑪、巴泰俱為內大臣，趙國祚為浙江總督，李率泰專督福建。
八月癸酉，以李顯貴為鑲白旗漢軍固山額真。丙子，敕諭多尼等，授以方略。李定國將王興及水西宣慰使安坤等來降。癸巳，御經筵。
九月丁酉，以孫塔為鑲藍旗蒙古固山額真。庚戌，更定理籓院大辟條例。己酉，以能圖為左都御史。壬子，賜鑲黃、正黃、正白三旗官校金。甲寅，改內院大學士覺羅巴哈納、金之俊為中和殿大學士，額色黑、成克鞏為保和殿大學士，蔣赫德、劉正宗為文華殿大學士，洪承疇、傅以漸、胡世安為武英殿大學士，衛周祚為文淵閣大學士，李霨為東閣大學士。己未，免福州、興化、建寧三府，福寧州十二、十三兩年荒賦。癸亥，發帑賜出征軍士家。
冬十月壬午，以祖重光為順天巡撫。荊州、襄陽、安陸霪雨，江溢，漂沒萬餘人。
十一月甲午朔，海寇犯洛陽內港，官軍擊敗之。乙未，免鄖陽、襄陽荒賦。庚子，定宮中女官員額品級。辛丑，免林縣災賦十之三。江南考官方猶、錢開宗等坐納賄棄市。
十二月壬申，以索渾為鑲白旗滿洲固山額真。甲戌，免五台災賦。壬午，故明宗室硃議滃率眾降。乙酉，以鄔赫為禮部尚書。免山陰等八縣上年災賦。戊子，以明安達禮為安南將軍，率師駐防貴州。己丑，諭曰：「川、湖、雲、貴之人，皆朕臣庶，寇亂以來，久罹湯火。今大軍所至，有來歸者，加意拊循，令其得所。能效力建功者，不靳爵賞。」
是年，朝鮮，喀爾喀部竇爾格齊諾顏、噶爾當台吉、土謝圖汗、畢席勒爾圖汗、丹津喇嘛，厄魯特部阿巴賴諾顏，車臣台吉下車臣俄木布、鄂齊爾圖台吉，索倫部達把代，庫爾喀部塔爾善，使犬國頭目替爾庫，達賴喇嘛俱來貢。朝鮮、喀爾喀土謝圖汗、厄魯特阿巴賴諾顏再至。
十六年春正月甲午，桂王將譚文犯重慶，其弟譚詣殺之，及譚弘等來降。丁酉，以徐永正為福建巡撫。庚子，多尼克雲南，以捷聞。初，多尼、吳三桂、趙布泰會師於平越府之楊老堡，分三路取雲南。多尼自貴陽入，渡盤江至松嶺衛，與白文選遇，大敗之。三桂自遵義至七星關，不得進，乃由水西間道趨烏撒。趙布泰自都勻至盤江之羅顏渡，敗守將李成爵于山谷口，又敗李定國於雙河口，所向皆捷，遂俱抵雲南，入省城。李定國、白文選奉桂王奔永昌。癸卯，以林天擎為雲南巡撫。甲辰，以巴海為昂邦章京，駐防寧古塔。辛亥，賜外籓蒙古諸王貧乏者馬牛羊。癸丑，以趙廷臣為雲貴總督，卞三元為貴州巡撫。
二月丙寅，免潼關衛辛庄等屯上年災賦。丁卯，海寇犯溫州，官軍擊敗之。庚午，以雲、貴蕩平，命今秋舉會試。辛未，免荊州、潛江等九州縣及沔陽、安陸二衛上年災賦。丙子，命羅託等班師，明安達禮駐防荊州。壬午，以許文秀為山東巡撫。
三月丙申，以蔣國柱為江寧巡撫。己亥，以張仲第為延綏巡撫。戊申，以硃衣助為安徽巡撫。鄭成功犯浙江太平縣，官軍擊敗之。己酉，御經筵。甲寅，命吳三桂鎮雲南，尚可喜鎮廣東，耿繼茂鎮四川。丁巳，免襄陽等六縣災賦。
閏三月壬戌，大學士胡世安以疾解任。丁卯，定犯贓例，滿十兩者流席北，應杖責者不準折贖。甲申，免鍾祥縣上年災賦。圖海有罪，免。丙戌，封譚弘為慕義侯，譚詣為鄉化侯。丁亥，以張自德為陝西巡撫。
夏四月甲寅，多尼、吳三桂軍克鎮南州，白文選縱火燒瀾滄江鐵橋遁走。我軍進克永昌，李定國奉桂王走騰越，伏兵於磨盤山，我軍力戰，復克騰越。
五月壬戌，廣西南寧、太平、思恩諸府平。己巳，以劉秉政為寧夏巡撫。晉封滿硃習禮為和碩達爾漢巴圖魯親王。戊寅，官軍擊成功於定關，敗之，斬獲甚眾。辛巳，發內帑銀三十萬兩，以其半賑雲、貴窮黎，其半給徵兵餉。
六月庚子，朝鮮國王李淏薨。壬子，鄭成功陷鎮江府。
秋七月丁卯，以達素為安南將軍，同索洪、賴塔等率師征鄭成功。丙子，鄭成功犯江寧。庚辰，幸南苑。甲申，還宮。
八月己丑朔，江南官軍破鄭成功於高山，擒提督甘煇等，燒敵船五百餘艘。成功敗遁，我軍追至瓜州，敵兵大潰。先是，成功擁師十餘萬，戰艦數千，抵江寧城外，列八十三營，絡繹不絕，設大砲、地雷、雲梯、木柵，為久困之計，軍容甚盛。我軍噶褚哈、馬爾賽等自荊州以舟師來援，會蘇松水師總兵官梁化鳳及游擊徐登第、參將張國俊等各以軍至，總督郎廷佐合軍會戰，水陸並進，遂以捷聞。庚寅，御經筵。癸巳，幸南苑。以劉之源為鎮海大將軍，同梅勒章京張元勛等駐防鎮江。以蔡士英為鳳陽巡撫，總督漕運；宜永貴為安徽巡撫，提督操江。丙申，安南國都將武公恣遣使納款於洪承疇軍前。戊戌，還宮。甲辰，鄭成功復犯崇明，官軍擊敗之。乙巳，幸南苑。丙午，還宮。
九月庚申，免台州四年至十年被寇稅賦。乙亥，賜陸元文等進士及第出身有差。丁丑，以杜立德為刑部尚書。戊寅，予故朝鮮國王李淏諡，封世子棩為國王。庚辰，以海爾圖為鑲藍旗漢軍固山額真。辛巳，尊興京祖陵為永陵。甲申，幸南苑。
冬十月庚戌，洪承疇以疾解經略任。甲寅，奈曼部達爾漢郡王阿漢以罪削爵為庶人。
十一月己未，論故巽親王滿達海、端重親王博洛、敬謹親王尼堪前罪，削巽親王、端重親王爵，降其子為多羅貝勒。敬謹親王獨免。壬戌，以公渥赫、公朴爾盆為內大臣。丙寅，上獵於近畿。壬申，次昌平州，上酹酒明崇禎帝陵，遣學士麻勒吉祭王承恩墓。甲戌，遣官祭明帝諸陵，並增陵戶，加修葺，禁樵採。戊寅，皇第六子奇授生。己卯，次湯泉。甲申，次三屯營。追諡明崇禎帝為庄烈愍皇帝。丙戌，吳三桂取沅江。
十二月戊戌，還京。乙巳，定世職承襲例。庚戌，加公主封號。壬子，命耿繼茂移駐廣西。
是年，朝鮮，喀爾喀部丹津喇嘛、土謝圖汗、車臣汗、畢席勒爾圖汗、魯布臧諾顏、車臣濟農、昆都倫託音、土謝圖汗下多爾濟台吉，厄魯特部阿布賴諾顏、達來吳霸西諾顏、俄齊爾圖台吉，黑龍江能吉勒屯頭目韓批理，索倫部胡爾格烏爾達爾漢俱來貢。朝鮮，喀爾喀部土謝圖汗、丹津喇嘛再至。
十七年春正月丙寅，以硃國治為江寧巡撫。庚辰，京師文廟成。以能圖為刑部尚書。辛巳，詔曰：「自古帝王，統御寰區，治效已臻，則樂以天下；化理未奏，則罪在朕躬。敬天勤民，道不越此。朕續承祖宗鴻緒，兢兢圖治，十有七年。乃民生猶未盡遂，貪吏猶未盡除，滇、黔伏戎未靖，徵調時聞。反覆思維，朕實不德，負上天之簡畀，忝祖宗之寄託，虛太后教育之恩，孤四海萬民之望。每懷及此，罔敢即安。茲以本年正月，祭告天地、太廟、社稷，抒忱引責。自今以後，元旦、冬至及朕壽令節慶賀表章，俱行停止。特頒恩赦，官民除十惡死罪外，悉減一等，軍流以下，咸赦除之。直省逋賦，概予豁免。有功者錄，孝義者旌。誕告中外，咸使聞知。」免洮州衛上年災賦。甲申，免莒、寧陽十二州縣上年災賦。
二月戊子，詔京官大學士、尚書自陳。其三品以下，親加甄別。吳三桂軍破賊於普洱。征南將軍趙布泰師還。壬辰，尚書劉昌自陳年老，致仕。癸巳，免貴陽等六府及土司上年災賦。復設鳳陽巡撫，駐泰州。戊戌，甄察直省督撫及京職三品以上漢官，石申、馮溥等錄敘黜降有差。壬寅，以林起龍為鳳陽巡撫。免淮、揚、鳳三府，徐州上年災賦。定每年孟春合祭天地日月及諸神於大享殿。癸卯，諭禮部：「向來孟春祈穀禮於大享殿舉行，今既行合祭禮於大享殿，以後祈穀禮於圜丘舉行。」壬子，免梁城所上年災賦。
三月癸亥，定平西、靖南二籓兵制。甲子，以史紀功為浙江巡撫。辛未，諭禮部：「朕載稽舊制，歲終祫祭之外，有奉先殿合祭之禮。自後元旦、皇太后萬壽及朕壽節，合祀於奉先殿。其詳議禮儀以聞。」論陷鎮江罪，革巡撫蔣國柱、提督管效忠職，免死為奴，協領費雅柱等棄市。甲戌，定固山額真漢稱曰都統，梅勒章京曰副都統，甲喇章京曰參領，牛錄章京曰佐領，昂邦章京曰總管。滿仍其舊。以袁懋功為雲南巡撫。丙子，御經筵。癸未，定王、貝勒、貝子、公妻女封號。甲申，更定民公、侯、伯以下，章京以上盔纓制。
夏四月丙戌，免寶坻、豐潤、武清上年災賦。甲午，以張長庚為湖廣總督。丙申，以劉祚遠為保定巡撫，張椿為陝西巡撫。辛丑，詔定匿災不報罪。癸卯，以白秉貞撫治鄖陽。丙午，皇第七子隆禧生。己酉，合祀天地於大享殿。
五月乙卯朔，以覺羅伊圖為吏部尚書。庚申，免綏德、膚施五州縣上年災賦。甲子，以阿思哈為兵部尚書，蘇納海為工部尚書。甲戌，以佟壯年為正藍旗漢軍都統，郭爾泰為鑲白旗蒙古都統。免沅州、鎮遠二衛災賦。己卯，詔曰：「前者屢詔引咎責躬，由今思之，皆具文而鮮實益。且十二、十三年間，時有過舉，經言官指陳，雖加處分，而此心介然未釋。今上天示儆，亢旱癘疫，災眚疊至。寇盜未息，民生困悴。用是深自刻責，夙夜靡寧。從前以言獲罪者，吏部列名具奏。凡國計民生利害，及朕躬闕失，各直言無隱。」庚辰，以張天福為正黃旗漢軍都統。壬午，覺羅巴哈納等以旱引罪自陳。上曰：「朕以旱災迭見，下詔責躬。卿等合辭引罪，是仍視為具文，非朕實圖改過意也。卿等職司票擬，僅守成規，未能各出所見，佐朕不逮。是皆朕不能委任大臣之咎。自後專加委任，其〓占力贊襄，秉公持正，以副朕懷。」多羅信郡王多尼師還。癸未，雲南土司那侖來降。
六月乙酉，始命翰林官於景運門入直。以阿思哈兼攝左都御史事。戊子，遣官省獄。以楊茂勛為湖廣巡撫。免澧、巴陵十二州縣及岳州等衛上年災賦。己丑，增祀商中宗、高宗、周成王、康王、漢文帝、宋仁宗、明孝宗於歷代帝王廟。罷遼太祖、金太祖、元太祖廟祀及宋臣潘美、張浚從祀。以蘇納海為兵部尚書。癸巳，以穆里瑪為工部尚書，白色純署河道總督。丙申，上以禱雨步至南郊齋宿。是日，大雨。戊戌，祀天於圜丘，又雨。己亥，大學士劉正宗、成克鞏、魏裔介以罪免。辛丑，命修舉天下名山大川、古帝王聖賢祀典。
秋七月甲寅朔，以霍達兼攝左都御史事。和碩簡親王濟度薨。戊午，編降兵為忠勇、義勇等十營，隸吳三桂，以降將馬寶等統之。丁卯，移祀北嶽於渾源州。己巳，免荊州、祁陽十三州縣及衡州等衛上年災賦。庚午，免均、保康七州縣及鄖、襄二衛上年荒賦。以楊義為工部尚書。丁丑，命耿繼茂移駐福建。寧古塔總管巴海敗羅剎於使犬部地，招撫費牙喀十五村一百二十餘戶。改徙席北流犯於寧古塔。庚辰，停遣御史巡按直省。壬午，以羅託為安南將軍，率師征鄭成功。癸未，能圖免。
八月丁亥，以彭有義為河南巡撫。己丑，免化、茂名四州縣及高州所上年災賦。庚寅，免武岡上年災賦。丙申，雲南車裡土司刀木禱來降。戊戌，以沈永忠為掛印將軍，鎮守廣東。辛丑，以愛星阿為定西將軍，征李定國。壬寅，皇貴妃董鄂氏薨，輟朝五日。甲辰，追封董鄂氏為皇后。己酉，降將郝承裔叛，陷邛州，圍嘉定，官軍擊敗之。辛亥，以穆里瑪為鑲黃旗滿洲都統。
九月癸丑朔，安南國王黎維祺奉表來降。甲子，以佟鳳彩為四川巡撫。丁卯，偽將鄧耀據海康，官軍擊走之。壬申，以王登聯為保定巡撫。甲戌，免保昌六縣及南、韶二所十四年災賦。戊寅，幸昌平，觀故明諸陵。己卯，還宮。
冬十月丁亥，以覺羅雅布蘭為刑部尚書。戊子，罷朝鮮貢鷹。辛卯，幸近郊。甲午，還宮。己亥，以郭科為工部尚書。丁未，免睢、商丘十一州縣及歸德、睢陽二衛上年災賦。
十一月甲寅，免趙、柏鄉四州縣及真定衛上年災賦。乙卯，免寧、上饒四十六州縣上年災賦。丁巳，撤直省恤刑官。安南將軍明安達禮師還。辛酉，大學士劉正宗以罪免。壬戌，復遣御史巡按直省。乙丑，敬謹親王尼思哈薨。戊寅，免睢、虞城六州縣災賦。庚辰，免五河、安東上年災賦。
十二月癸巳，免邳、宿遷四州縣災賦。戊戌，免慶都災賦。甲辰，皇第八子永幹生。
是歲，朝鮮，喀爾喀部丹津喇嘛，土謝圖汗下萬舒克諾顏、七旗，厄魯特部鄂齊里汗，達賴喇嘛、班禪胡土克圖，阿里祿克山托因，虎爾哈部宜訥克，俄羅斯部察罕汗，使鹿索倫部頭目布勒、蘇定噶、索朗阿達爾漢子查木蘇來貢。朝鮮再至。
十八年春正月壬子，上不豫。丙辰，大漸。赦死罪以下。丁巳，崩於養心殿，年二十四。遺詔曰：「朕以涼德，承嗣丕基，十八年於茲矣。自親政以來，紀綱法度，用人行政，不能仰法太祖、太宗謨烈，因循悠忽，苟且目前。且漸習漢俗，於淳樸舊制，日有更張。以致國治未臻，民生未遂，是朕之罪一也。朕自弱齡，即遇皇考太宗皇帝上賓，教訓撫養，惟聖母皇太后慈育是依。隆恩罔極，高厚莫酬，朝夕趨承，冀盡孝養。今不幸子道不終，誠悃未遂，是朕之罪一也。皇考賓天，朕止六歲，不能服衰絰行三年喪，終天抱憾。惟侍奉皇太后順志承顏，且冀萬年之後，庶盡子職，少抒前憾。今永違膝下，反上廑聖母哀痛，是朕之罪一也。宗室諸王貝勒等，皆太祖、太宗子孫，為國籓翰，理宜優遇，以示展親。朕於諸王貝勒，晉接既疏，恩惠復鮮，情誼暌隔，友愛之道未周，是朕之罪一也。滿洲諸臣，或歷世竭忠，或累年效力，宜加倚託，盡厥猷為。朕不能信任，有才莫展。且明季失國，多由偏用文臣。朕不以為戒，委任漢官，即部院印信，間亦令漢官掌管。致滿臣無心任事，精力懈弛，是朕之罪一也。朕夙性好高，不能虛己延納。於用人之際，務求其德與己侔，未能隨才器使，致每嘆乏人。若舍短錄長，則人有微技，亦獲見用，豈遂至於舉世無才，是朕之罪一也。設官分職，惟德是用，進退黜陟，不可忽視。朕於廷臣，明知其不肖，不即罷斥，仍復優容姑息。如劉正宗者，偏私躁忌，朕已洞悉於心，乃容其久任政地。可謂見賢而不能舉，見不肖而不能退，是朕之罪一也。國用浩繁，兵餉不足。而金花錢糧，盡給宮中之費，未嘗節省發施。及度支告匱，每令諸王大臣會議，未能別有奇策，止議裁減俸祿，以贍軍餉。厚己薄人，益上損下，是朕之罪一也。經營殿宇，造作器具，務極精工。無益之地，糜費甚多。乃不自省察，罔體民艱，是朕之罪一也。端敬皇后於皇太后克盡孝道，輔佐朕躬，內政聿修。朕仰奉慈綸，追念賢淑，喪祭典禮，過從優厚。不能以禮止情，諸事太過，逾濫不經，是朕之罪一也。祖宗創業，未嘗任用中官。且明朝亡國，亦因委用宦寺。朕明知其弊，不以為戒。設立內十三衙門，委用任使，與明無異。致營私作弊，更逾往時，是朕之罪一也。朕性耽閒靜，常圖安逸，燕處深宮，御朝絕少。致與廷臣接見稀疏，上下情誼否塞，是朕之罪一也。人之行事，孰能無過？在朕日理萬幾，豈能一無違錯？惟聽言納諫，則有過必知。朕每自恃聰明，不能聽納。古云：『良賈深藏若虛，君子盛德，容貌若愚。』朕於斯言，大相違背。以致臣工緘默，不肯進言，是朕之罪一也。朕既知有過，每自刻責生悔。乃徒尚虛文，未能省改，過端日積，愆戾愈多，是朕之罪一也。太祖、太宗創垂基業，所關至重。元良儲嗣，不可久虛。朕子玄燁，佟氏妃所生，岐嶷穎慧，克承宗祧，茲立為皇太子。即遵典制，持服二十七日，釋服即皇帝位。特命內大臣索尼、蘇克薩哈、遏必隆、鰲拜為輔臣。伊等皆勛舊重臣，朕以腹心寄託。其勉矢忠藎，保翊沖主，佐理政務。布告中外，咸使聞知。」
三月癸酉，上尊諡曰體天隆運英睿欽文大德弘功至仁純孝章皇帝，廟號世祖，葬孝陵。累上尊諡曰體天隆運定統建極英睿欽文顯武大德弘功至仁純孝章皇帝。
論曰：順治之初，睿王攝政。入關定鼎，奄宅區夏。然兵事方殷，休養生息，未遑及之也。迨帝親總萬幾，勤政愛民，孜孜求治。清賦役以革橫征，定律令以滌冤濫。蠲租貸賦，史不絕書。踐阼十有八年，登水火之民於衽席。雖景命不融，而丕基已鞏。至於彌留之際，省躬自責，布告臣民。禹、湯罪己，不啻過之。書曰： 「亶聰明作元後，元後為民父母。」其世祖之謂矣。
In the first year of Shunzhi, in the spring, the first month, on the first day, gengyin, the emperor attended the hall to receive congratulations, and ordered Daishan, Prince Li of the First Rank, not to bow. On jiawu, Sha'erhuda led an army against the Ku'erka. On jihai, Laidaha Baturu and others took their turn guarding Jinzhou. Ji'erhalang, Prince Zheng of the First Rank, instructed the officials of the ministries and courts that in all matters they reported, they should first inform Duo'ergun, Prince Rui of the First Rank, and he himself would take second place. Edit
In the second month, on xinsi, Aiduli guarded Jinzhou. On wuzi, the Dowager Consort of the Bo'erjijin clan was buried beside Taizu in the Fu Mausoleum, and Consort Fucha was reburied outside the mausoleum. Lady Fucha had been ordered to die for an offence in Taizu's time. Edit
In the third month, on bingshen, there was an earthquake. On wuxu there was another. On jiayin, the Grand Secretary Xifu and others presented abridged translations of the histories of the Liao, Jin and Yuan. This month the roving bandit Li Zicheng took Yanjing, and the Ming emperor hanged himself. Zicheng usurped the title of emperor, called his state Dashun, and changed the era name to Yongchang. Edit
In the summer, the fourth month, on the first day, wuwu, the gushan ejen Heluohui and others denounced Haoge, Prince Su of the First Rank, for treasonous and reckless conduct; Haoge was reduced to a commoner, and his partisans Emoketu and others were all sentenced to death. On jiwei, Abatai, the Raoyu Beile, was raised to Prince Raoyu of the Second Rank. On xinyou, the Grand Secretary Fan Wencheng urged Duo'ergun, Prince Rui of the First Rank, to march in and pacify the Central Plain. On jiazi, the great army's southern campaign was announced in sacrifice to Taizu and Taizong. On yichou, the emperor attended the Dugong Hall and appointed Duo'ergun, Prince Rui of the First Rank, Grand General Who Bears the Mandate, giving him an edict and seal and leave to act as he saw fit, and gave robes and other things in varying amounts to the prince and to the princes, beile, Beizi and others who went with him. On bingyin, the army set out. On renshen, when the army of Duo'ergun, Prince Rui of the First Rank, halted at Wenghou, Wu Sangui, the Ming commander guarding the Shanhai Pass, sent an envoy with a letter begging for troops to attack the bandits. On dingchou, the army halted at Lianshan; Sangui again sent a letter saying the danger was urgent, and the army rode hard to reach him. On wuyin, Li Zicheng led his host to besiege the Shanhai Pass; our army went out to meet them and defeated the bandit commander Tang Tong at Yipianshi. On jimao, the army reached the Shanhai Pass; Sangui opened the gate and came out to welcome it, and the army entered the pass. Zicheng, with a host of more than two hundred thousand, stretched in a line from the northern hills to the sea, drawn up and waiting. That day there was a great wind, and dust and sand darkened the sky. Duo'ergun, Prince Rui of the First Rank, ordered an attack on the tail of the bandit line, placing Sangui on the right wing, and they closed in with a great shout. The wind soon dropped, the bandit army broke completely, and was pursued for more than forty li; Zicheng fled back to Yanjing. Sangui was made Prince Who Pacifies the West and given ten thousand horse and foot, and went straight for Yanjing. The commanders were made to swear not to kill the innocent, plunder goods or burn houses, and any who broke the pledge would be punished. Officials and people were told that the aim was to remove the cruel, not to kill, and the people were delighted; those who had fled to hide in the hills and valleys hurried back to their villages to welcome the army and submit. In the departments and counties the army passed through, and among the commanders and officials along the frontier, all opened their gates and gave their allegiance. On yiyou, Zicheng abandoned Yanjing and fled west, and our army pursued him hard. Edit
In the fifth month, on the first day, wuzi, the dispatch announcing the victory was made known to Korea and the Mongols. On jichou, the great army reached Yanjing, and the civil and military officials, scholars and common people of the former Ming went five li out into the suburbs to meet it. Duo'ergun, Prince Rui of the First Rank, took up residence in the Wuying Hall. The officers and men were ordered to man the city walls, and servants and the like were not to enter people's homes, so that the people lived undisturbed as before. On gengyin, the Ministry of War was ordered to send proclamations to the prefectures and counties of the provinces: officials who submitted would be raised in rank, soldiers and people would be spared removal, and the senior civil and military officials were to register the households, money and grain, troops and horses and bring the registers to the capital in person; those who held back to see which way things went would be attacked. Princes of the former Ming who came over would not lose their ranks. Officials in the capital and those who had gone into hiding to escape the bandits were each to report their names to be taken into service, and soldiers who wished to go back to farming were allowed to do so. On xinmao, officials, soldiers and people were ordered to go into mourning for the Ming emperor, removing it after three days, and the Ministry of Rites and the Court of Sacrificial Worship were to bury him with the rites due to an emperor. On renchen, the army of Eluosaichen, Baduli, Sha'erhuda and others returned from the campaign against Heilongjiang. Gao Di, the former Ming Brigade General of the Shanhai Pass, came to surrender. On guisi, the officials of the former Ming Grand Secretariat, ministries and courts were ordered to keep their former posts and carry out business on the same footing as the Manchu officials. On yiwei, Ajige and others pursued Li Zicheng to Qingdu and defeated him. Tantai, Zhunta and others pursued him to Zhending and again broke him and put him to flight. The cities north of Yanjing and the prefectures and counties of Tianjin, Zhending and elsewhere all surrendered. On xinchou, the former Ming Grand Secretary Feng Quan was summoned to the capital. On jiyou, the former Ming emperor Zhuanglie's Empress Zhou and Consort Yuan, Xizong's Empress Zhang and Shenzong's Consort Liu were buried, all according to the regulations. Edit
In the sixth month, on the first day, dingsi, Hong Chengchou was ordered to keep his post as Minister of War and to help the officials of the Inner Court manage state business. On jiwei, Luo Yangxing was made Governor-General of Tianjin. On gengshen, Wang Aoyong, Junior Vice Minister of Revenue, was sent to win over Shandong and Henan. On renxu, Jiang Xiang, the former Ming Brigade General of Datong, beheaded the bandit leader Ke Tianxiang and others and surrendered with Datong. On bingyin, Bahana and Shi Tingzhu were sent with an army to pacify Shandong. The taxes on the houses used by officials in the capital were remitted for three years, and for those living with them for one year; half the land tax was remitted in the departments and counties the great army had passed through, and a third in the prefectures, departments and counties north of the Yellow River. On dingmao, Duo'ergun, Prince Rui of the First Rank, with the princes, beile, Beizi and great ministers, decided to make Yanjing the capital, and sent Tunqika and Hetuo, Dukes Who Assist the State, and the gushan ejen Heluohui to escort the emperor there. On gengwu, the gushan ejen Yechen was sent with an army to pacify Shanxi. On jiaxu, the former Ming Governor-General of the Three Frontiers, Li Huaxi, surrendered. On renwu, the emperor sent envoys to reward the army. On guiwei, Aiduli was found guilty of an offence and put to death. On jiashen, the spirit tablet of the former Ming Taizu was moved to the Temple of Emperors of Successive Dynasties. On yiyou, the seals of all officials were cast with the national script as well. Edit
In the autumn, the seventh month, on dinghai, the calendar was examined and settled as the Shixian calendar. On wuzi, Bahana and Shi Tingzhu joined Yechen's army and pacified Shanxi. On renchen, Wu Zichang was made Governor-General of Xuanfu, Datong and Shanxi, and Fang Dayou Governor of Shandong. On guisi, the move of the capital was announced in sacrifice to the Lord on High and at the mausoleums and the ancestral temple. On dingyou, the former Ming Prince De, Zhu Youteng, surrendered. At this time the former Ming Prince Fu, Zhu Yousong, had taken the throne in Jiangnan and changed the era name to Hongguang; he made Shi Kefa Grand Secretary, stationed at Yangzhou in command of the armies, with the Brigade Generals Liu Zeqing, Liu Liangzuo, Huang Degong and Gao Jie each holding part of the land north of the Yangzi. On jihai, Zhu Langrong, Regional Inspector of Shandong, reported that the newly appointed officials were still governing the people and conducting business in gauze caps and round-collared robes. Duo'ergun, Prince Rui of the First Rank, instructed, "Military affairs are pressing, and there has been no time to settle dress, rites and music. For the officials recently chosen, let the Ming style stand for now." On gengzi, officials were appointed for the fourteen Ming mausoleums from the Chang Mausoleum on. On xinchou, the fixed quotas of grain, fodder and cloth delivered by Manchus and Han Chinese at Shengjing were remitted. On renyin, a general amnesty was proclaimed, and all levies beyond the regular quota were abolished. On guimao, the palace eunuchs were stopped from collecting the tax grain of the imperial estates at Zhuozhou and Baodi. On jiachen, Yang Fangxing was made Governor-General of Henan, Ma Guozhu Governor of Shanxi, and Chen Jin Governor of Denglai. The taxes of Shandong were remitted, as in the case of the land north of the Yellow River. On renzi, Duo'ergun, Prince Rui of the First Rank, wrote to Shi Kefa urging that his master give up the imperial title and become a vassal prince. Kefa's reply did not yield. Wang Wenkui was made Governor of Baoding, and Luo Xiujin Governor of Henan. The posts of Mongol Vice Minister in the Six Ministries were abolished. On guichou, there was hail. This month the Qianqing Palace was built. Edit
In the eighth month, on the first day, bingchen, there was an eclipse of the sun. On dingsi, Heluohui was made Commandant of Shengjing, with Nikan and Shuozhan commanding the left and right wings, to guard Shengjing. On xinyou, the Grand Secretary Xifu was dismissed for an offence. On guihai, the zongjia system of neighbourhood headmen was put into effect. On wuchen, the regular taxes of the year were remitted for Jingzhou, Hejian, Fucheng and Qing County. On jisi, the salaries of the civil and military officials in the capital were fixed. On yihai, the emperor's carriage set out from Shengjing. On gengchen, he halted at Su'erji, where the Chaha'er Princess of the Gulun rank and the Mongol princes, beile and others paid court to him at his travelling lodge. On renwu, the former Ming Grand Secretary Xie Sheng was summoned to serve in the Inner Court. On guiwei, he halted at Guangning; sacrificial fields were given to the tomb households of the thirteen Ming mausoleums, and woodcutting and grazing there were forbidden. Edit
In the ninth month, on jiawu, the emperor's carriage entered the Shanhai Pass. On dingyou, he halted at Yongping. The orders for strict searching out of runaways were first put into force. On jihai, a Tangzi shrine was built at Yanjing. On gengzi, the bandit commander Tang Tong killed Li Zicheng's kinsmen and asked to surrender. On xinchou, Hetuo, Li Shuaitai, Emengge and others were sent with an army to pacify Shandong and Henan. On guimao, the emperor's carriage reached Tongzhou. Duo'ergun, Prince Rui of the First Rank, led the princes, beile, Beizi and the civil and military officials to pay court to the emperor at his travelling hall. On jiachen, the emperor entered the palace by the Zhengyang Gate. On jiyou, Venus was seen in daylight. On gengxu, the music for the suburban altars and ancestral temple was first settled. Duo'ergun, Prince Rui of the First Rank, led the princes and the Manchu and Han officials in presenting a memorial urging the emperor to ascend the throne. The former Ming Prince Fu sent his ministers Zuo Maodi, Ma Shaoyu and Chen Hongfan, bearing more than a hundred thousand taels of silver, a thousand taels of gold and ten thousand bolts of silk, to seek peace. On renzi, the spirit tablets of Taizu, Emperor Wu, Empress Xiaociwu and Taizong, Emperor Wen, were installed in the Imperial Ancestral Temple. Edit
In the winter, the tenth month, on the first day, yimao, the emperor went in person to the southern suburb to announce in sacrifice to Heaven and Earth, and took the imperial throne; officials were sent to announce it in sacrifice at the Imperial Ancestral Temple and the Altar of Land and Grain. The Shixian calendar was issued for the first time. On bingchen, Kong Yunzhi, the sixty-fifth generation descendant of Confucius, inherited the title Duke Yansheng, and the Erudites of the Five Classics and other such offices were inherited as before. On dingsi, because the merit of Duo'ergun, Prince Rui of the First Rank, was the highest of all, the Ministry of Rites was ordered to set up a stele recording his achievements. On xinyou, Taizong's honorific posthumous title was conferred, and this was announced in sacrifice at the suburban altars, the ancestral temple and the Altar of Land and Grain. On renxu, Zhao Yingyuan, one of the remaining followers of the roving bandits, pretended to surrender, entered Qingzhou and killed Wang Aoyong, the Vice Minister sent to win the region over; Hetuo and others attacked and beheaded him. On jiazi, the emperor attended the Huangji Gate and issued an edict to the whole realm proclaiming a general amnesty. The edict said: Edit
Our state, receiving the favour and protection of Heaven, was first founded in the eastern lands. Our ancestors began the great enterprise, and our late father the emperor extended the plans of those before him; so the old state rose and grandly received a new mandate. When I succeeded to the throne I was still of tender years, and I reverently thought of continuing the work of my forebears and holding the throne in peace for ever. Lately, as the bandits' fury blazed ever fiercer and brought utter calamity on the Central Plain, I relied on my kinsmen and worthy men to rescue the people from mud and fire. No sooner had the gongs and drums sounded than the land was reported cleansed; this was done to free the people from their torment, not to make the empire my wealth. Yet the princes and dukes, the lords and the civil and military officials, together with the soldiers, people and elders, urged me with one voice to take the throne, entreating me again and again. And so, on the first day, yimao, of the tenth month of this year, I reverently announced it to Heaven and Earth, the ancestral temple and the Altar of Land and Grain, fixed the seat of the realm at Yanjing, kept the dynastic name under which we hold the realm, Da Qing, and named the era Shunzhi. I reflect that the high mandate is not easily held, and that founding a dynasty is harder still. And now, at the start of a change of rule, it is right to spread the favour of renewal. The Princes of the First Rank who helped found the state at Heaven's command, saving the age and giving peace to the people, have rendered great service and should receive special honours. As for the ranks due to the sons, grandsons, brothers and nephews of the Princes of the Second Rank, let the responsible office adjust the earlier statutes and report. The Manchu ministers who founded the state, who planned in the tent, won victories in the council hall, gained merit in hard campaigning and opened up new lands, should be given the hereditary ranks of duke, marquis and earl and granted patents. Civil and military officials and gentry who since the great army entered the pass have been first to embrace the right cause, killing bandits and coming over, are likewise to be examined and rewarded across the board. All offences committed by officials, soldiers and people before dawn on the first day of the fifth month of the first year of Shunzhi, great or small, except treason, the Ten Abominations and capital crimes that cannot be pardoned, are pardoned. Officials who take bribes, bend the law and fleece the common people, where the offence falls after the first day of the fifth month, are not covered by this. Land taxes in money and grain are to be collected and forwarded at the quota of the former Ming accounts registers, from the first day of the fifth month of the first year of Shunzhi. All surcharges, the Liaodong levy, the new levy, the drill levy, compulsory purchases and the like, are wholly remitted. In places the great army has passed through, half the regular grain tax is still remitted; in departments and counties that have submitted but were not passed through, a third of this year's is remitted. As for the arrears of tax in money and kind, whether forwarded or retained in the provinces, such as the gold-floral silver, the summer tax, the autumn grain, horse fodder, poll tax, salt notes, civilian military-farm dues, pasture-land dues, salt-boiler levies, levies on wealthy households, shop-stall dues, commercial taxes, fishery levies, horse-price silver, firewood money, jujube-tree levies, paper-money strings, fruit, and for the palace's use pigments, wax, tea, sesame, cotton, silk tabby, cloth, silk floss and the like: mindful that the common people are in the utmost hardship, all arrears from before the first day of the fifth month of the first year of Shunzhi are cancelled. That soldiers and people now live scattered together in the capital truly could not be helped; those in the eastern, central and western wards who have already been moved are excused rent and taxes for three years; those in the southern and northern wards, though not moved, are also excused for one year. The poll silver had a fixed quota, but in recent years the population has dwindled and the registers have shrunk day by day, and the orphaned, poor, old and weak have all suffered from being hounded for payment; let the responsible officials examine this, and the old, the young, the disabled and the sick are all exempted. Soldiers and people aged seventy or more may keep one adult male at home to care for them, who is excused corvee; those of eighty or more are to be given silk, silk floss, rice and meat; those known for their virtue are to be given cap and sash; widowers, widows, orphans and the childless, and the disabled and sick who cannot support themselves, are to be supported by the government. Filial sons and dutiful grandsons, righteous husbands and chaste wives are to be sought out by the responsible officials and reported. Officials of the former Ming who were dismissed or banished for speaking out, and recluses in the hills and forests with talent and virtue fit for service in the world, are to be recommended by the governors and regional inspectors and come to the capital to be promoted to office. The civil and military examinations are to continue, with the metropolitan examinations held in the chen, xu, chou and wei years and the provincial examinations in the zi, wu, mao and you years. Members of the former Ming imperial house who are first to come over are to keep their stipends. The Ming mausoleums are to receive sacrifices in spring and autumn, with the mausoleum officials and households kept on. The tombs of emperors and kings and the graves of famous ministers and worthy men that have been damaged are to be repaired, and woodcutting and grazing there are still forbidden. The titles, patents and hereditary privileges due to civil and military officials in the capital and the provinces are to be granted to all alike. The economy-cut silver of Northern Zhili, Henan and Shandong, and the new-cut silver of the two prefectures of Taiyuan and Pingyang in Shanxi, had already been excused delivery under the former Ming. As for the old-cut silver of those two prefectures and the new and old economy-cut silver of the other prefectures; the silver for the horse-station and donkey-station attendants of the Huitong Hostel and for the cart and station labourers of the transport stations; and the silver due from the provinces under quota to the four bureaus of the Ministry of Works, namely materials silver, craftsmen's wage silver, brick silver, ramie silver, cart-price silver, reed-labourer silver, reed levy silver, fishery levy silver, game silver, feather silver, live deer silver, large deer silver, small deer silver, sheepskin silver, commuted silver for bows, arrows and quivers, leftover freight silver, ox horn and sinew silver, goose-feather silver, swan silver, labourer silver, stake, grass and seed-grain silver, silver for the robes of the top graduate, clothing and ration silver, woodcutter silver, firewood-carrying silver and firewood-porter silver, the reed levies and other commuted silver; and the dues in kind, namely helmets and armour, swords, bows and arrows, bowstrings, padded jackets, trousers, shoes, the skins of foxes, muntjacs, hares and wildcats, the goat-hair levy, iron, smoke-tree wood, lang wood, mulberry, rouge, rosewood, southern jujube, purple elm, fir poles and other timber, linden wood, tung wood, planks and beams, ice-cellar materials, reed mats, cattail, placard paper, red jars, pagoda-tree flowers, smoked plums, gardenia, brush shafts, miscanthus brooms, bamboo brooms, mat grass, coarse and fine copper wire, iron wire, white-plated copper wire, iron bars, malachite, qinghua cotton, rosin, glazed book paper, Yan lacquer, finishing lacquer, tung oil, mao, gui, purple and water-spotted bamboo and other bamboos, solid bamboo, palm fibre, white rattan, kingfisher feathers, millstones, Sichuan cinnabar, raw lacquer, sand leaves, Guangdong glue, saltpetre, conch shells and the like: all arrears owed by the people from before the first day of the fifth month of the first year of Shunzhi are wholly remitted, to relieve the people's hardship. Hereafter they are to be remitted case by case according to the rules now in force. The services required of travelling merchants, carters and others in the capital, which whenever they were levied at once drove people from their homes, are abolished for ever from now on. The salt administration of the Salt Distribution Commissions has been increased year after year, with the new levy, the drill levy and other miscellaneous surcharges, which have done grave harm to the merchants; these are all remitted, and a third of the quota of salt certificates is also remitted this year. Taxes at the customs barriers and fords are not meant to burden merchants; they are remitted for one year, and those added at the end of the Ming are abolished as well. Petty taxes of all kinds in the departments and counties of the provinces are strictly forbidden. Where places that have suffered from war owed taxes in money and grain that the former Ming had wholly remitted, they remain wholly remitted, and do not come under the rules of remitting half or a third. The silver forwarded by the provinces to the Bureau of Military Farms as a contribution to works was also a surcharge, and is abolished. Taxes in money and grain being forwarded by the provinces that were seized by bandits before the first day of the fifth month of the first year of Shunzhi are all written off. Soldiers and people of Shanxi and Shaanxi who were coerced by the roving bandits and now repent and turn over a new leaf are all pardoned, and those who were forced to follow them and give themselves up will not be charged with their earlier crimes. Regional inspectors who, on the pretext of searching out and arresting offenders, listen to yamen vermin and falsely fine good people commit the worst abuse of government; from now on this is wholly forbidden. Powerful families and local bullies who lend money at heavy interest, ruining the people and costing them their homes and property, are deeply to be detested; from now on officials are not to press for payment on their behalf. Appeals that bypass the proper levels and false accusations corrupt morals and waste wealth; after this amnesty, small matters of households and marriage are all to be settled by the responsible officials, and any pettifogger who lures simple folk to the capital to make such appeals is to suffer the punishment of the false charge, increased by degrees. Redemption fines were set up to encourage people to reform, but pressing for them with beatings harms lives and has turned into a scourge of the people; from now on this too is forbidden, and those who cannot pay are to be excused at once. May all of you in every quarter be of one heart with me. Let this be proclaimed far and near, so that all may know it. Edit
Duo'ergun, Prince Rui of the First Rank, was given the added title Uncle Prince Regent. On yichou, Lei Xing was made Governor of Tianjin. On dingmao, Ji'erhalang, Prince Zheng of the First Rank, was given the added title Xinyi Prince Regent and Uncle; Haoge was made Prince Su of the First Rank again; Ajige, Prince Wuying of the Second Rank, was raised to Prince Ying of the First Rank; Duoduo, Prince Yu of the Second Rank, to Prince Yu of the First Rank; the Beile Luoluohong to Prince Yanxi of the Second Rank; and Shuosai was made Prince Chengze of the Second Rank. Yechen and others took Taiyuan. The former Ming Deputy General Liu Dashou came from Jiangnan to surrender. On xinwei, the Beizi Nikan and Boluo were made Beile, and the Dukes Who Assist the State Mandahai, Tunqi, Bohetuo, Tunqika, Hetuo and Shangshan were made gushan Beizi. The yearly stipends of the princes, Beile and Beizi were fixed. On guiyou, Ajige, Prince Ying of the First Rank, was made Grand General Who Quiets Distant Lands and led an army west against Li Zicheng. On wuyin, the rules for the Prince Regent's caps, robes and residence were fixed. On jimao, Duoduo, Prince Yu of the First Rank, was made Grand General Who Settles the State and led an army against Jiangnan. A proclamation was sent to the former Ming officials of the south, listing three crimes: that they had been unable to destroy the bandits and avenge their ruler; that they held armies and harassed the people, and had grown double-minded; and that, without any testamentary edict from the Ming emperor, they had presumed to set up Prince Fu. Edit
In the eleventh month, on the first day, yiyou, Manchu Directors of Studies and Assistant Instructors were appointed, and sons and grandsons of officials who wished to study the national script or Chinese were to study together at the Imperial Academy. Chen Hongfan, envoy of the former Ming Prince Fu, on his way back south, sent a secret message asking that Zuo Maodi and Ma Shaoyu be kept back, saying that he himself wished to lead troops over to our side and win over the commanders of the south. This was granted. On renchen, Shi Tingzhu, Bahana, Xiteku and others defeated the bandits at Pingyang, and Shanxi was wholly pacified. On gengzi, Tang Tong was made Marquis Who Pacifies the West. On jiachen, the keepers of the former Ming Ding Mausoleum were dismissed; at the other twelve mausoleums two eunuchs were still kept, with a modest allowance for seasonal sacrificial offerings. On dingwei, sacrifice was offered to Heaven at the Circular Mound. On gengxu, Lekedehun was made Beile. Li Wang, the Korean hostage prince, was sent home, and Korea's yearly tribute was reduced by decree. Edit
In the twelfth month, on dingsi, goods from the former Ming treasuries were brought out and given as rewards to the officers and men of the Eight Banners and the Mongol officials. The great army under Yechen and others had pacified nine prefectures, twenty-seven departments and a hundred and forty-one counties in Zhili, Henan and Shanxi. On dingmao, the sixth daughter of Taizong, a Princess of the Gulun rank, was married to Kuazha, son of the gushan ejen Ashan. On wuchen, Duoduo's army reached Mengjin; the bandit commander Huang Shixin and others fled, fifteen stockades and fortified villages along the river submitted at the first sight of it, and the bandit commander of Suizhou, Xu Dingguo, came to surrender. On jisi, Duoduo's army reached Shanzhou and defeated the bandit commander Zhang Youzeng at Lingbao. On dingchou, the Ministry of Revenue was instructed to survey ownerless waste land and give it to the soldiers of the Eight Banners. On jimao, Heluohui and others were sent to sacrifice at the Fu Mausoleum, and Gong'adai and others at the Zhao Mausoleum, to announce the military success. On xinsi, a man surnamed Liu claimed to be the Ming heir apparent; the eunuch Yang Yu brought him to the house of Zhou Kui, the former Ming Marquis of Jiading, and Kui reported it. Palace women of the former Ming and former officers of the heir's household looked at him, and none knew him. He was handed to the judicial offices for trial, and Yang Yu, together with the eunuch Chang Jinjie, the Commander Li Shiyin and others who had supported the claim, fifteen in all, were executed in the marketplace. It was again proclaimed at court and in the provinces that anyone who reported the former Ming heir apparent would be rewarded, and that the heir apparent would be treated with favour and provided for. Edit
This year Korea, together with the eight-surname tribe of Hushikali and others, the jinong of the E'erduosi tribe, Ao'ertuomu'er, zhangjing of the Suolun tribe, Guluge of the Tumote tribe of Guihua, Saichen Chuo'erji, Gulundiwa Hutuketu, the Yuguzhe'er Lama and the Tuxietu Khan of the Ka'erka tribe, Tengjisi Alahai of the Sunite tribe, and the taiji Manzhan of the Wuzhumuqin tribe, all came with tribute. Edit
In the second year, in the spring, the first month, on wuzi, Tulai and others defeated Li Zicheng at the Tong Pass. The bandits had drawn up against the hills; Tulai led a hundred horsemen in a surprise attack and killed and captured many. Then Zicheng led his horse and foot in person to give battle, and was beaten several more times, and the bandit host fled in disorder. On jiwei, the great army surrounded the Tong Pass; the bandits dug double moats and held fast behind their walls. Muchengge and Eluosaichen were first onto the walls, the other forces followed, and the bandits were again heavily defeated. Zicheng fled to Xi'an. On bingshen, Ajige, Nikan and others led their army to the Tong Pass; the bandit commander Ma Shiyao surrendered, and was soon beheaded for wavering. On dingyou, Abatai, Prince Raoyu of the Second Rank, was made commander-in-chief, with the gushan ejen Zhunta leading the left wing and the meile zhangjing Tantai the right, to take Haoge's place in the campaign in Shandong. On gengzi, the seventh daughter of Taizong, a Princess of the Gulun rank, was married to Lamasi, son of the Chamberlain of the Imperial Guard Eqi'ersang. At Meng County in Henan the Yellow River ran clear for two days. On renyin, Duoduo's army reached Xi'an, and Zicheng fled to Shangzhou. On guimao, the Grand Secretary Xie Sheng died. On yisi, the mountain bandits of Zhending, Daming, Shunde and Guangping were all put down. On bingwu, Fangshan County was ordered to sacrifice every year with the full offering of ox, sheep and pig at the tombs of Taizu and Shizong of the Jin. On dingwei, half of Shanxi's regular taxes for this year were remitted. The spirit tablet of Confucius at the Imperial Academy was renamed "Confucius, Great Perfection, Supreme Sage, Exalted in Culture, First Teacher". On gengxu, the baoyi da and others were forbidden to take in privately Han Chinese who commended themselves to them, or to seize fields and houses under false claims; offenders would be put to death. On renzi, the regular taxes of this year were remitted for the four counties of Jiyuan, Wuzhi, Meng and Wen, and half of them for nine departments and counties including Ci and Anyang. On guichou, more than eight thousand militiamen were released from work on the frontier wall. Edit
In the second month, on bingchen, Abatai defeated the bandits at Xuzhou. On jiwei, the code of laws and statutes was revised. Li Jian was made Governor-General of Xuanfu and Datong, and Feng Shengzhao Governor of Xuanfu. The surrendered commander Xu Dingguo treacherously killed the Ming Earl of Xingping, Gao Jie, at Suizhou. On xinyou, Duoduo, Prince Yu of the First Rank, was instructed to move his army to pacify Jiangnan, and Ajige, Prince Ying of the First Rank, to attack the remnants of the roving bandits. On bingyin, the boshiku who managed the estates were forbidden to destroy the people's graves. On jisi, Qichongge was made Grand Secretary of the Inner Court of Literary Development. On gengwu, Ajige wiped out the remaining bandits of Shaanxi, taking four cities and receiving the surrender of thirty-eight. On dingchou, Duoduo's army reached Henan, and the bandit commander Liu Zhong surrendered. Edit
In the third month, on the first day, jiashen, sacrifices were first offered at the Temple of Emperors of Successive Dynasties to Taizu of the Liao, Taizu and Shizong of the Jin, Taizu of the Yuan and Taizu of the Ming, with their ministers Yelu Helu, Wanyan Zhanmohan, Wolibu, Muhuali, Boyan, Xu Da and Liu Ji sharing the sacrifices. On gengyin, Duoduo's army came out through the Hulao Pass; he sent the gushan ejen Baiyitu and others out through the Longmen Pass, while the Minister of War Handai, the meile zhangjing Yi'erde, the Vice Minister Nikan and others came by way of Nanyang to join forces at Guide. Everywhere they passed people came out to surrender, and Henan was wholly pacified. On xinmao, the taxes on Shandong's waste land were remitted. On gengzi, the former Ming Grand Secretary Li Jiantai came to surrender. On yisi, officers and men of the Eight Banners were sent to garrison Jining in rotation. On bingwu, Li Hao, second son of the King of Korea, went home. On jiyou, the regular taxes of the first year were remitted for Ji Department. On renzi, the bandits of the Taihang Mountains were all put down. Edit
In the summer, the fourth month, on bingchen, one officer from each of the Chinese-martial Eight Banners was sent to garrison Shengjing. On xinyou, Wang Wenkui was made Governor-General of Shaanxi, Jiao Anmin Governor of Ningxia, Huang Tu'an Governor of Gansu, the former Ming Minister Zhang Xin Governor of Tianjin, Hao Jin Governor of Baoding, and Lei Xing Governor of Shaanxi. On jiazi, the eunuch Wang Cheng'en, who had died with his master, was buried beside the tomb of the Ming emperor, with sacrificial fields and a stele. On jichou, Duoduo's army reached Sizhou. Ashan and others seized the bridge over the Huai River north of Sizhou; the Ming commander guarding it burned the bridge and fled, and our army crossed the Huai by night. On dingmao, an edict said, "The roving bandit Li Zicheng killed his sovereign and tyrannised the people, and gods and men alike were outraged. I have received the mandate of Heaven and brought peace to China, yet he went on holding the land of Qin by stealth and resisting the spread of our instruction. So I ordered the Prince Yu of the First Rank to turn the army that was marching south and strike straight at Xiao and Hangu, and the Prince Ying of the First Rank to lead the western expedition across the river from Suide; within a month all Qin was pacified. Pitying the common people there, I let all of them make a new start. All who were coerced or led astray by the bandits are pardoned, and all arrears of taxes are remitted. Where the great army passed, half this year's regular taxes are remitted, and elsewhere a third." On gengwu, the army of Duoduo, Prince Yu of the First Rank, reached Yangzhou, and the former Ming grand secretary Shi Kefa, the Hanlin Academician Wei Yinwen and others were called on to surrender. They refused. On jiaxu, Meng Qiaofang was made Governor-General of the Three Frontiers of Shaanxi. The eighth daughter of Taizong, a Princess of the Gulun rank, was married to Bayasihulang, son of Badali, the Ke'erqin Prince Tuxietu of the First Rank. On dingchou, Baiyintu, Tulai, Ashan and others took Yangzhou; the former Ming grand secretary Shi Kefa would not yield and was killed. On xinsi, the military provincial examinations were held for the first time. Edit
In the fifth month, on the first day, renwu, Yang Fangxing, Director-General of the Yellow River Conservancy, presented auspicious wheat. The emperor said, "A good harvest and a contented people are the true good omen, not auspicious wheat. We should be kind to the common people and nurture them, and care for them all the more." On guiwei, because of drought, the Ministry of Justice was instructed to review the cases of prisoners. The Grand Secretaries of the Three Inner Courts, Feng Quan, Hong Chengchou, Li Jiantai, Fan Wencheng, Ganglin, Qichongge and others, were ordered to compile the history of the Ming. On bingxu, Duoduo's army reached the Yangzi River. The former Ming Earl of Zhenhai, Zheng Hongkui, and others held Guazhou and Yizhen with their fleets. Our army was north of the river; Baiyintu, Tulai and Ashan led boats secretly across from the Grand Canal, and the meile zhangjing Li Shuaitai landed under cover of night. By dawn our army had crossed in order, and the enemy host all broke. On dinghai, Wang Zhizheng was made Governor of Yansui. The regular taxes of the first year were remitted for Gaomi. Ice was given to the princes and all below them and to the officials, and this was made a standing rule. On jichou, Liu Bosi, a sorcerer of Xuanfu who had plotted rebellion, was put to death. On gengyin, Wang Wenkui was made Governor-General of Huaiyang, and Zhao Fuxing Governor of Fengyang. On bingshen, Duoduo's army reached Nanjing. The former Ming Prince Fu, Zhu Yousong, and the Grand Secretary Ma Shiying fled to Taiping, and the Earl of Xincheng, Zhao Zhilong, the Grand Secretary Wang Duo, the Minister of Rites Qian Qianyi and others, thirty-one in all, surrendered the city and came out to meet the army. Yuanzhao, son of the Earl of Xingping, Gao Jie, Liu Liangzuo, Earl of Guangchang, and others, twenty-three in all, came one after another to surrender with more than two hundred and thirty thousand horse and foot. On dingyou, Hao Jin was made Governor of Baoding. The regular taxes of the first year were remitted for six departments and counties including Pingdu and Shouguang. On wuxu, the sons and younger brothers of Manchus were ordered to attend school, going to the Academy for examination once every ten days and practising archery every five days in spring and autumn. Zhang Chaopin, a former Ming Secretary of the Central Drafting Office, contributed a thousand logs to help build the palaces and asked to be considered for reward. He was told that officials were appointed for their worth alone and that there was no question of giving office for contributions, and the responsible office was ordered to pay him the price. On gengzi, the silver paid by Zhangqiu and Jiyang in lieu of artisans' rotation service in the capital was remitted, and the provinces were ordered to strike people off the artisan registers and make them commoners. On jiachen, the ceremonial for the Uncle Prince Regent was fixed: all official documents were to call him the Imperial Uncle Prince Regent. On yisi, the empress's rents were remitted, together with the tax on rice and wheat at the Chongwen Gate. On gengxu, the news of victory in the pacification of Jiangnan was proclaimed. The Qianqing Palace was completed, and the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Central Harmony and the Weiyu Palace were rebuilt. Edit
In the sixth month, on guichou, the regular taxes of the first year were remitted for Xingji County. On jiayin, two thirds of this year's regular taxes on the enclosed lands near the capital were remitted. On yimao, Ding Wensheng was made Governor of Shandong. On bingchen, the civil and military officials, soldiers and people of the south were ordered to shave their heads, and those who did not were to be dealt with by military law. This month the provinces were first ordered to shave their heads as the law required within ten days. On xinyou, Duoduo, Prince Yu of the First Rank, sent troops to pursue the former Ming Prince Fu, Zhu Yousong, at Wuhu. The Ming Duke of Jingguo, Huang Degong, came out to fight; Tulai crushed him, and Degong was killed by a stray arrow. The Brigade Generals Tian Xiong and Ma Degong seized Prince Fu and his consort and handed them over, and all the commanders surrendered. The taxes on waste land of the first year were remitted for four counties including Yongning. On bingyin, the order to shave the head was reissued. The taxes on waste land of the first year were remitted for seven departments and counties including Shen and Hengshui. On dingmao, Hu Shoulong, a sorcerer-bandit of Shaanxi, raised a rebellion, and Meng Qiaofang put it down. On wuchen, the Imperial Dowager Consort died. On xinwei, Heluohui led troops to garrison Xi'an. Jiangnan was ordered to hold the provincial examinations in the tenth month. On jimao, an edict said, "Our dynasty founded its state on the eastern frontier many years ago; its territory was already broad, and it had no wish to annex others. When we made war on the borders in the past, we hoped in the end to come to peace and friendship. Unhappily the bandits' violence brought utter disaster, and the Ming dynasty came to an end for ever; therefore we marshalled our troops, entered the pass, and avenged the Ming. And since the bandit chief was not yet destroyed and there was no time to rest, I ordered two princes to swear in their troops and march west. Meanwhile in the south they seized the chance to set up a ruler, who wrongly usurped the imperial title, hastened to carry out disorderly government and cruelly oppressed the people. Day and night I was filled with reverent anxiety, thinking to rescue the suffering people; once the bandits in the west had been crushed, I undertook the southern campaign. Without bloodying their blades, the troops followed the Bian to the Huai. No sooner had they taken Weiyang than they pacified Jiangzuo. The men and women of Jinling shine with Heaven's blessing on us. The Prince of Fu has been captured and the south is broadly pacified, so I specially extend great bounty and gladly let all make a new start. All officials and people of Henan, Jiangbei and Jiangnan who were implicated in wrongdoing are pardoned. All irregular exactions and arrears of tax are wholly remitted. Where the great army passed, half this year's regular taxes are remitted, and elsewhere a third." Edit
In the intercalary sixth month, on jiashen, Ajige defeated Li Zicheng at Dengzhou and pursued him all the way to Jiujiang; in thirteen battles in all he crushed him every time. Zicheng fled to Mount Jiugong and died by hanging himself, and the bandit band was wholly put down. Menggeng, son of the former Ming Marquis of Ningnan, Zuo Liangyu, the Governor-General Yuan Jixian and others came from Dongliu to surrender with a hundred and thirty thousand horse and foot and forty thousand boats. On bingxu, the hat insignia for officials from duke down, and for licentiates and elders, were fixed. On jichou, the Yellow River broke its banks at Wangjiayuan. On gengyin, an edict ordered Ajige and the others to bring the army home. On xinmao, the tribute grain and the white grain of Jiangnan, which had been delivered by the people, were changed to be received and forwarded by officials. On renchen, an edict said, "At the end of the Ming, the censors and remonstrators stole fame and coveted gain, formed factions to attack one another and bewildered their ruler, until it ended in ruin and chaos. Now the realm is newly settled and everything is beginning afresh; the officials should be fair and loyal, think of the state, and each do his duty in full, and not follow in those tracks and bring ruin on themselves." The grades of Manchu civil and military officials were fixed. On guisi, the Grand Secretary Hong Chengchou was ordered to win over the provinces of the south. On jiawu, the hat insignia of the princes, Beile, Beizi and dukes of the imperial clan were fixed. On yiwei, the punishment of cutting the heel tendons was abolished. On guimao, Wu Weihua was ordered to win over Guangdong, Sun Zhixie Jiangxi, Huang Xiyun Fujian, Jiang Yuxu Huguang, and Ding Zhilong Yunnan and Guizhou. Duoduo sent the Beile Boluo, with Baiyintu and Ashan, to lead an army to Hangzhou; the former Ming Prince of Lu came out and surrendered, and the Prince of Huai came from Shaoxing to surrender. The prefectures of Jiaxing, Huzhou, Yanzhou, Ningbo and others were all pacified. The Brigade General Wu Shengzhao was sent separately and took Luzhou and Hezhou. On yisi, Nanjing was renamed Jiangnan Province, and Yingtian Prefecture Jiangning Prefecture. Shaanxi was ordered to hold the provincial examinations in the tenth month. Edit
In the autumn, the seventh month, on the first day, gengxu, sacrifice was offered at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On renzi, the Beile Lekedehun was made Grand General Who Pacifies the South and, with the gushan ejen Yechen and others, went to Jiangnan to replace Duoduo. Four eunuchs were appointed to keep the tomb of the Ming Taizu, with two thousand mu of sacrificial fields. On guichou, the former Ming Marquis of Dongping, Liu Zeqing, surrendered with his men. On yimao, Liu Yingbin was made Governor of Anlu, and Tu Guobao Governor of Jiangning. On bingchen, Xie Hongyi was ordered to win over Guangxi. On wuwu, soldiers and people at court and in the provinces were forbidden to wear dress and caps not in keeping with the state's regulations. On jiwei, He Mingluan was made Governor of Huguang, Gao Douguang Governor of Pianyuan, and Pan Shiliang was put in charge of Yunyang. On jiazi, the jade patents and jade seals of Taizu, Emperor Wu, Empress Xiaociwu and Taizong, Emperor Wen, were presented at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On yichou, half this year's regular taxes were remitted for Xi'an and Yan'an, and a third elsewhere. On wuchen, the bandit chief of Xiping, Liu Hongqi, was put to death, and the departments and counties of Runing were all pacified. The Yellow River broke through the newly built crescent dyke west of Yanzhou. On jisi, an edict ordered that from now on memorials from the capital and the provinces be sealed and presented through the Office of Transmission. On dingchou, Chen Jin was made Superintendent of the Yangzi River Forces, also serving as governor. Tian Yang, the former Ming Director-General of Grain Transport, took Tongzhou, Rugao and Haimen; Zhao Fuxing, Governor of Fengyang, the meile zhangjing Tanbu and others put him down. On jimao, Yang Shengyuan was made Governor of Denglai. Edit
In the eighth month, on xinsi, the taxes of eight departments and counties including Ba and Shunyi were remitted because of disaster. On yiyou, the taxes on waste land were remitted for the prefectures of Zhangde, Weihui, Huaiqing and Henan. On jichou, the army of Ajige, Prince Ying of the First Rank, returned, and the princes of the outer vassals, the taiji and the officers who had served with him were given gold and silk in varying amounts. On guisi, the regular taxes of Zhending, Shunde, Guangping and Daming were remitted because of disaster. On bingwu, the surrendered commander Jin Shenghuan attacked the former Ming Prince of Yi, captured his officials Wang Yangzheng and others and put them to death, and also captured Zhu Zidang, Prince of Zhongxiang, and eight others. On dingwei, because Ajige, Prince Ying of the First Rank, had committed offences on campaign, he was demoted to Prince of the Second Rank; Tantai was stripped of his rank of duke and demoted to angbang zhangjing; and Aobai and others were punished in varying degree. Edit
In the ninth month, on gengxu, Fang Guo'an and Wang Zhiren, commanders of the former Ming Prince of Lu, attacked Hangzhou, and Zhang Cunren drove them off. On guichou, Fulehe, Duke Who Guards the State, Zhakana, Duke Who Assists the State, and others were ordered to lead troops to help defend Jiangxi. On dingsi, the former Ming Prince of Huai'an came to surrender. On xinyou, the former Ming Prince of Xinchang, who held Mount Yuntai and had taken Xinghua, was attacked and beheaded by Zhunta. On jiazi, the waste land of Hejian, Luanzhou and Zunhua was given to the Eight Banners to farm, and the surplus land of the former Ming nobles, imperial in-laws and eunuchs was also shared out to them. On gengwu, Tian Yang raided Fushan, and Tu Guobao defeated him. On dingchou, the eleven prefectures of Jiangxi, Nanchang and the rest, were pacified. Edit
In the winter, the tenth month, on guiwei, Ma Guozhu was made Governor-General of Xuan-Da. On wuzi, Jin Sheng, a Hanlin academician of the former Ming, received a commission from the Prince of Tang and raised troops in Huizhou, more than a hundred thousand men. Hong Chengchou sent the Provincial Commander Zhang Tianlu, who defeated them repeatedly at Jixi and captured Jin Sheng; he would not submit and was put to death. At this time the former Ming Prince of Tang, Zhu Yuzhao, held Fujian, the Prince of Lu, Zhu Yigai, held Zhejiang, and the troops of Ma Shiying and others crossed the Qiantang and made camps to resist the court's orders. On gengyin, the taxes on waste land of Baodi County were remitted. On renchen, the disaster taxes of Taiyuan and other prefectures and departments were remitted. On guisi, the army of Duoduo, Prince Yu of the First Rank, returned, and the emperor went to the Southern Park to welcome and reward it. On bingshen, Miao Zuotu was made Governor of Nan-Gan. On yisi, the Gurun Princess, second daughter of Taizong, was given in marriage to Abunai, son of the Chahar khan. On bingwu, Shen Chaoji was made Governor of Shanxi, Li Xiangfeng Governor of Jiangxi, and Xiao Qiyuan Governor of Zhejiang. On wushen, Duoduo, Prince Yu of the First Rank, was raised to Prince De Yu of the First Rank, and the princes, beile, beizi and dukes who had followed him on campaign, and the taiji and zhangjing of the outer vassals, were given gold and silks according to rank. Kong Youde and Geng Zhongming were ordered back to Shengjing. Edit
In the eleventh month, on renzi, Zhang Cunren was made Governor-General of Zhejiang and Fujian, and Luo Xiujin Governor-General of Huguang and Sichuan. On guichou, Wang Yingxiong, a Grand Secretary of the former Ming, and Long Wenguang, Governor of Sichuan, asked to surrender. On jiayin, Wu Jingdao was made Governor of Henan. Bashan and Kangkalai were ordered to command the left and right wings and garrison Jiangning together with Hong Chengchou; Zhumala was to garrison Hangzhou; and Beile Lekedehun was to lead Gong'adai and Yechen against the roving bandits of Huguang, Erzhihu and others. On jiwei, Li Zong, King of Korea, asked that his second son Hao be made Heir Prince, and this was granted. On dingmao, Zhumala defeated Ma Shiying at Yuhang, and Hetuo defeated Fang Guo'an at Fuyang. Shiying and Guo'an again made for Hangzhou, and the meile zhangjing Jixiha and others drove them off. On wuchen, Heluohui was made Grand General Who Settles the West, and Bayan and Li Guohan were sent with troops to join him, to punish the roving bandit of Sichuan, Zhang Xianzhong. On wuyin, Chen Zhilong was made Governor of Fengyang. Edit
In the twelfth month, on the first day, jimao, there was an eclipse of the sun. On yiyou, Huang Daozhou, a cabinet minister of the former Ming, raided Huizhou; Hong Chengchou sent Zhang Tianlu, who defeated him. Gao Jinzhong, a Brigade General of the former Ming, came from Chongming with his troops and surrendered. On guisi, Tong Yanghe and Jin Shenghuan advanced to attack Fujian, sending a detachment against Nan-Gan, and defeated several hundred thousand men under the former Ming Prince of Yongning, the Prince of Luochuan, the cabinet minister Huang Daozhou and others. On bingwu, the court ceremonial was revised, and for the first time palace eunuchs no longer attended court audiences. On dingwei, Zhumala and others defeated Fang Guo'an and Ma Shiying in eastern Zhejiang. The bandit Wu Dading of Guyuan rebelled, and the Brigade General He Shiyuan and others died fighting him. Edit
In this year Korea; Guluge, a zhangjing of the Tumote of Guihua Cheng; the lama Ta'erniqi of the E'erduosi; the Chechen Prince of the Wuzhumuqin; E'ergene of the Xibei; the Tuxietu Khan, the lama Gulundiwa Hutuketu, the Shiletu Hutuketu and the Mahasamadi Saichen Khan of the Ka'erka; Duo'erji Dalai Batulu Taiji, son of Gushi Khan of the E'lute; and the Huihui state and Tianfang [Arabia] all came with tribute. Korea came four times. Edit
In the third year, in the spring, the first month, on wuwu, Beile Lekedehun sent officers who defeated the roving bandits at Linxiang and went on to take Yuezhou. On xinyou, the gushan ejen Ashan and Tantai were found guilty; Ashan was dismissed and Tantai was put in prison. The roving bandits He Zhen, Sun Shoufa and Hu Xianghua attacked Xi'an, and Heluohui and others defeated them. Jin Shenghuan sent officers to attack the former Ming Prince of Yongning at Fuzhou; they captured him, and with him his son Zhu Zirong and others, and so pacified Jianchang. On bingyin, the former Ming Prince of Lu'an and Prince of Ruichang led their followers against Jiangning, and the Vice Minister Bashan and others defeated them. On wuchen, Song Quan was made Grand Secretary of the Historiography Academy. On jisi, Haoge, Prince Su of the First Rank, was made Grand General Who Quiets Distant Lands, and with Luoluohong, Prince Yanxi of the Second Rank, Beile Nikan, and the Beizi Tunqika and Mandahai, led an army to conquer Sichuan. Troops of the former Ming Prince of Tang, Zhu Yuzhao, attacked Huizhou; Hong Chengchou sent Zhang Tianlu and others, who defeated them, captured his cabinet minister Huang Daozhou and killed him, and went on to take Kaihua. Edit
In the second month, on jimao, Beile Lekedehun crushed the roving bandits at Jingzhou; Babutai, General Who Supports the State, and others pursued them to Xiangyang and killed or captured nearly all. The main army advanced and halted at Yiling, and Li Zi, younger brother of Li Zicheng, and others came with their followers and surrendered. On xinsi, the taxes on waste land of Miyun were remitted. On jiashen, the ministries and courts formerly set up in Jiangnan were abolished, and one Manchu and one Chinese Vice Minister each of the Ministries of Revenue, War and Works in the capital were sent to be stationed at Jiangning and divide the ministries' business there. On yiyou, Liu Fu, an officer of the Ming Prince of Lu, came to the relief of Fuzhou, and the meile zhangjing Tuntai defeated him. Heluohui sent officers who crushed the roving bandit Liu Wenbing at Pucheng, and the bandit chief He Zhen fled to Wugong. On wuzi, Liu Yindong was made Governor of Shuntian. Haoge, Prince Su of the First Rank, was ordered to send a detachment to Nanyang against the roving bandits Erzhihu, Hao Ruhai and others. On bingshen, the Vice Minister Bashan and the meile zhangjing Zhang Dayou were sent with troops to hold Jiangning, and the jiala zhangjing Fu Kuachan and the meile zhangjing Li Sizhong with troops to hold Xi'an. Shi Yinglian, a bandit chief of Qianshan and Taihu, set up the former Ming Prince of Fanshan, Zhu Changta, and rebelled; Hong Chengchou sent officers who attacked and beheaded them. On bingwu, Beile Boluo was made Grand General Who Conquers the South and, with Tulai, led an army to conquer Fujian and Zhejiang. Edit
In the third month, on xinhai, the translation of the Precious Instructions of Hongwu was completed and issued within and outside the capital. On yimao, residents near the capital whose fields and houses had been enclosed and given to bannermen, and who had been compensated with land elsewhere, were excused their rent and taxes for one year. On dingsi, Heluohui defeated the bandit Liu Tichun at Shanyang. On jiwei, Wang Laiyong was made superintendent of grain and pay for Shanxi, Shaanxi and Sichuan, and Ma Mingpei superintendent of grain stores for the provinces of Jiangnan. On yichou, Fu Yijian and others were granted the degrees of jinshi jidi and jinshi chushen according to rank. On jisi, Heluohui attacked the bandit Erzhihu at Shangzhou and routed him. Wang Ke and other commoners of Changping robbed the tombs of the Ming emperors and were executed. On renshen, Abatai, Prince Raoyu of the Second Rank, died. On guiyou, Saileng of the Wuzhumuqin and Boluote of the Haoqite were made beile, and Duo'erji of the Abagai a beizi. Haoge's army reached Xi'an; he sent Xingneng, Minister of Works, who defeated the bandits at Binzhou, and the gushan ejen Dulei, who defeated the bandits at Qingyang. Zhang Sizhi, a Grand Secretary of the former Ming, came from Jiangnan and surrendered. Edit
In the summer, the fourth month, on jimao, an edict ordered Beile Lekedehun to bring his army back, and Kong Youde, Geng Zhongming, Shang Kexi and Shen Zhixiang each to come to the capital at the head of his troops. On jiashen, the house-frame tax of Qiantang and Renhe was remitted. On yiyou, it was ordered that the provincial examinations be held again in the eighth month of this year and the metropolitan examination again in the second month of next year. On dinghai, the disaster taxes of Sui Department, Xiangfu and two other departments and counties were remitted. On wuzi, the punishment of piercing the ears and nose was abolished. On guisi, the rice tax of Guxi Bridge in Taiping Prefecture, the merchant tax of Jinzhu Mountain and the salt tax of Anqing Prefecture, levied in addition in the last years of the Ming, were abolished. On yiwei, the taxes on waste land of Jinghai, Xingji and Qing County were remitted. On bingshen, bandits of Fuliang and Yugan in Jiangxi joined the bandits of Fujian and attacked Raozhou; the Deputy General Deng Yunlong and others defeated them. On wuxu, Duo'ergun, the Prince Regent, ordered that the princes and ministers stop sending him memorials. On jihai, Zhang Shang was made Governor of Ningxia. The eunuch superintendents of imperial weaving were abolished. On xinchou, an edict said: "Lately we have remitted the arbitrary levies and harsh taxes of the last years of the Ming, to give the people rest. But greedy officials, hating that this harms them, have done away with the registers. This keeps the court's benevolent intent from reaching down, and the bad government of the late Ming is never cleared away. We now order ministers to examine this strictly, and direct the offices concerned to draw up in detail the Complete Book of Taxes and Labour Services, to be issued throughout the empire." An edict ordered superfluous officials of the prefectures and counties cut. On jiachen, the Temple of Confucius at Shengjing was repaired. Edit
In the fifth month, on dingwei, Tengjisi, Tengjite, Wubandai, Duo'erjisikabu, Mangwusi, E'ermike, Shida and others of the Sunite each led their people in revolt and fled to Shuolei of the Ka'erka. Duoduo, Prince De Yu of the First Rank, was made Grand General Who Displays Might and, with Shuosai, Prince Chengze of the Second Rank, and others, led an army to join the Mongol troops of the outer vassals and punish them. Wenbu, Da'erhan Zhuoliketu, Duokexin and others of the Sizi tribe pursued them and beheaded Wubandai and four other taiji. On gengxu, the law against concealing runaways was proclaimed again. On wuwu, Jin Shenghuan took Nan-Gan and captured its commander, Liu Guangyin. On xinyou, Haoge sent Bayan and Li Guohan, who defeated the bandits at Yan'an. On renxu, the former Ming Prince of Lu, the Prince of Jing, the Heir Prince of Heng and others, eleven men, plotted rebellion and were executed. On guihai, Yekeshu was made angbang zhangjing, to hold Shengjing. Haoge sent Beile Nikan and others, who defeated the bandit He Zhen at Jitou Pass and so took Hanzhong; Zhen fled to Xixiang. On yichou, Beile Boluo sent Tulai and others, who defeated Fang Guo'an, an officer of the former Ming Prince of Lu, at Qiantang. The Prince of Lu, Zhu Yigai, fled to hold Taizhou. On gengwu, the government army reached Hanyin; the roving bandit Erzhihu fled to Sichuan and Sun Shoufa to Yueke Stockade. Bayan and Li Guohan pursued the bandits of Yan'an to Zhangguolao Cliff and defeated them. On xinwei, half the taxes on waste land of the first and second years in the two counties of Pei and Xiao were remitted. Edit
In the sixth month, on wuyin, the taxes on waste land of Huairou County were remitted. On bingxu, the White Lotus, Dacheng, Hunyuan, Wuwei and other sects were prohibited. On renchen, Gao Shijun was made Governor of Huguang. On yiwei, Zhang Cunren sent officers who seized Ma Shiying, a Grand Secretary of the former Ming, Wu Risheng, Earl of Changxing, and others, and beheaded them. Edit
In the autumn, the seventh month, on jiayin, Beile Lekedehun's army returned. On dingsi, Duoduo crushed Tengjisi and others at Mount Outeke and beheaded their taiji Maohai; he crossed the Tula River, attacked and killed Tengjisi's son Duo'erji and others, and captured all their families and baggage. He also defeated the two sons of the Tuxietu Khan of the Ka'erka on the upper Chajibulake. On wuwu, Shuolei's sons drew up their ranks at the mouth of the Chajibulake road, and the Beizi Bohetuo and others again routed them. Shuolei fled with the rest of his people to Sailengge. On gengshen, Li Guohan, Tulai and others stormed Zhangguolao Cliff. On renxu, Li Xiangfeng, Governor of Jiangxi, presented forty talismans of the Zhengyi Perfected One. An edict said: "The way to bring blessings lies in revering Heaven and working hard for the people. What use are these? Put them aside." On wuchen, Haoge sent the Beizi Mandahai, Ha'erchuhun, Duke Who Assists the State, and the gushan ejen Zhunta to Hui and Jie Departments to attack separately the roving bandits Wu Dading, Gao Ruli, Jiang Denglei, Shi Guoxi, Wang Kechen and others, and crushed them. Ruli fled, and Denglei, Guoxi and Kechen all surrendered. Edit
In the eighth month, on bingzi, Luoluohong, Prince Yanxi of the Second Rank, died with the army. On dingchou, Haoge sent the du zhangjing Haning'a to attack Wu Dading at Mount Santai, and he took it. On dinghai, Boluo took Jinhua and Quzhou and killed the former Ming Prince of Shu, Zhu Shengnong, the Prince of Le'an, Zhu Yishi, and their officers Wu Kai, Xiang Mingsi and others; their Grand Secretary Xie Sanbin, the cabinet minister Song Zhipu, the Minister of War Ruan Dacheng, the Minister of Justice Su Zhuang and others surrendered. Zhejiang was pacified. On wuzi, Kong Youde was made Grand General Who Pacifies the South and, with Geng Zhongming, Shen Zhixiang, Jin Li and Tongdai, led an army to conquer Huguang, Guangdong and Guangxi. The taxes on waste land of Taihu and Qianshan for the second year and this year were remitted. On guisi, Shang Kexi was ordered to lead troops south with Kong Youde. Edit
In the ninth month, on jiyou, the former Ming Prince of Ruichang, Zhu Yile, plotted to attack Jiangning; government troops attacked and beheaded him. On jiazi, seven tenths of the taxes on waste land were remitted for Yiling, Shishou and eleven other departments and counties, five tenths for Jingmen, Jiangling and two other departments and counties, and three tenths for Xingguo, Guangji and fourteen other departments and counties. On bingyin, the former Ming Prince of Chongyang attacked She County, and the Deputy General Zhang Chenggong and others defeated him. On dingmao, He Tengjiao, a supreme commander of the former Ming, and others attacked Yuezhou, and the government army defeated them. Edit
In the winter, the tenth month, on bingzi, Zheng Siwei and others took Yiling, Zhijiang and Yidu, and Chengtian Prefecture in Huguang was renamed Anlu Prefecture. On jimao, the army of Duoduo, Prince De Yu of the First Rank, returned, and the emperor welcomed and rewarded it outside the city. On xinsi, Jin Shenghuan sent officers who seized the former Ming prince Zhu Changjian and his partisan Liaowu and others, and put them to death. On jiashen, Hu Quancai was made Governor of Ningxia and Zhang Yutian Governor of Jiangxi. Jin Shenghuan sent officers who took Ganzhou, captured the former Ming cabinet minister Yang Tinglin and killed him. On guisi, Li Qifeng was made Governor of Anhui. On dingyou, the disaster taxes of Huaining and three other counties were remitted. On jihai, the disaster taxes of Yansui and Zhuanglang were remitted. On renyin, the Taihe Palace and the Zhonghe Palace were completed. Edit
In the eleventh month, on the first day, guimao, Beile Boluo divided his army in Zhejiang and advanced to take Fujian. Tulai and others defeated Huang Mingjun, a cabinet minister of the former Ming, at Xianxia Pass, and so took Pucheng, Jianning and Yanping. The former Ming Prince of Tang, Zhu Yuzhao, fled to Tingzhou; Ajigenikan and others pursued and beheaded him, and so settled Tingzhou, Zhangzhou, Quanzhou and Xinghua, went on to take Fuzhou, and received the surrender of all his followers. Fujian was pacified. On guichou, the disaster taxes of Hejian, Renqiu and Datong were remitted. On dingsi, Heaven was sacrificed to at the Round Mound. On jisi, Haoge's army reached Nanbu. At this time Zhang Xianzhong had ranged his stockades at Xichong; Aobai and others pressed on by forced marches, attacked and routed them, and beheaded Xianzhong on the field. They then divided their troops to attack the remaining bandits and broke more than a hundred and thirty camps. Sichuan was pacified. Edit
In the twelfth month, on the first day, guiyou, the former Ming Prince of Suiping, Zhu Shaokun, and his partisan Yang Quan and others held troops on Lake Tai and joined with the sea pirates in rebellion; the Deputy General Zhan Shixun and others attacked and beheaded them. On gengxu, the Shandong bandit Xie Qian stormed Gaoyuan; the Brigade General Hai Shixing attacked and put him down. On renwu, the former Ming Prince of Gao'an, Zhu Changqi, and his partisan Jiang Yudong and others raised troops at Wuyuan; Zhang Tianlu attacked and put them down. On bingxu, Yu Qinglian was made Governor of Baoding and Liu Wuyuan Governor of Nan-Gan, and the disaster taxes of Ji Department, Fengrun and three other departments and counties were remitted. On jiawu, the Weiyu Palace was completed. On gengzi, the Ming Prince of Jinhua, Zhu Youwen, raised troops at Raozhou; the government army attacked and beheaded him. Edit
In this year Korea; the Mongols and Guluge of the Tumote of Guihua Cheng; Duo'erji Dalai Batulu and Gushi Khan of the E'lute; Maidali Hutuketu, E'erdeni Hatan Batulu, Daiqing Hatan Batulu and Qing Taiji of the Ka'erka; Saileng, Prince Bingtu of the Second Rank, of the Ke'erqin; Beile E'erdeni of the Haoqite; the Suolun; Labaqi of the Shilu [reindeer people]; the jinong taiji Chamusu of the E'erduosi; Laidaku of the Ku'erka; and the Dalai Lama and Turfan all came with tribute. Korea, Gushi Khan of the E'lute and the Dalai Lama each came twice. Edit
In the fourth year, in the spring, the first month, on wushen, Gong'adai, Duke Who Assists the State, the Grand Minister of the Guard Wubai and others went on campaign to Xuanfu. On renzi, the Deputy Lieutenant-General Dong'alai was ordered to lead troops to garrison Hangzhou. Ke Baochong, a bandit of Xingguo Department, joined with He Tengjiao, a supreme commander of the former Ming, and stormed Xingguo. The Brigade General Ke Yongsheng sent officers who seized Baochong and his partisan Chen Hengyu and beheaded them. On yimao, Yang Shengyuan was made Governor-General of Huai-Yang and Huang Erxing Governor of Shaanxi. On xinyou, Zhu Guozhu was made Governor of Deng-Lai. On renxu, the government army in Shaanxi attacked the Yanqing bandit Guo Junzhen and the Zhongnan bandit Sun Shoufa and defeated them. Hong Chengchou sent officers against the bandit commander Zhao Zheng and routed him. Edit
In the second month, on guiyou, Zhang Ruxiu was made Governor of Shandong. On yihai, Tong Yangjia pacified Wuzhou. On dingchou, the Deputy General Wang Ping and others attacked the bandit bands of He Zhen and Liu Erhu at Xing'an and defeated them. On guiwei, an edict said: "We have pacified the Central Plain. Only eastern Zhejiang and the whole of Fujian still shut out our civilizing teaching, and the common people, in hardship and distress, had nowhere to make their complaint. We therefore ordered Beile Boluo, Grand General Who Conquers the South, to rally his army and advance. Having settled eastern Zhejiang, he went on to take Min and Yue. Wherever word of his coming arrived, the desperate rebels slipped away. The great army pursued them and caught them at the Ting River. Yuzhao yielded up his head, and all the commanderies were pacified. Yet when men usurp titles and resist with arms, what crime is it of their people? We therefore show a great bounty and gladly join with them in a new beginning. All offenders among officials and people are pardoned. Arbitrary levies and arrears of taxes are all remitted. Recluses of the mountains and forests are each to be reported by name for employment. Commoners aged seventy and above are to be given silk and rice according to grade." On jichou, Hong Chengchou seized the former Ming Prince of Ruichang, Zhu Yigui, and the lake bandit Zhao Zheng, and beheaded them. On yiwei, Yuyue, younger brother of Zhu Yuzhao, usurped the title with the reign name Shaowu and held Guangzhou. Tong Yangjia and Li Chengdong led an army against him and beheaded Yuyue together with Su[...], Prince of Zhou; Si, Prince of Yi; Shuya, Prince of Liao; Qi[...], Prince of Deng; Shouya, Prince of Juye; Yunyue, Prince of Tongshan; Hongyi, Prince of Gaomi; Cina, Prince of Renhua; Surui, Prince of Yanling; Qilong, Prince of Nan'an; and others. Guangzhou was pacified. On wuxu, Tong Guonai was made Governor of Fujian. Edit
In the third month, on wuwu, Lu Gong and others were granted the degrees of jinshi jidi and jinshi chushen according to rank. On jiwei, Geng Tun was made Governor of Shuntian, Zhou Boda Governor of Jiangning, and Zhao Zhaolin governor in charge of Yunyang. On gengshen, an edict ordered officials in the capital of the third grade and above, and the governors-general, governors, provincial commanders and brigade generals, each to send one son to court to serve in the imperial guard, to be employed as his talents were found; those without a son were to send a younger brother or nephew instead. On renxu, the salt dues and horse-service silver of Chongming County were remitted. On yichou, the Great Qing Code was completed. On bingyin, Tong Yangjia took the three prefectures of Gao, Lei and Lian. On dingmao, it was ordered that the full offering of ox, sheep and pig at the suburban altars and the altar of earth still be presented raw. On jisi, Chinese were forbidden to commend themselves to Manchus as dependants. On gengwu, the enclosure and allotment of the people's fields and houses was stopped, and those whose land had already been enclosed were to be compensated. Edit
In the summer, the fourth month, on dingchou, Tian Yang surrendered with his troops. On jimao, Gao Shijun took Changsha, and the angbang zhangjing Fu Kachan attacked Liu Wenbing and Guo Junzhen and wiped them out. On yiyou, Beile Boluo brought his army back. In this campaign the Beizi Hetuo and the gushan ejen Duke Tulai both died with the army. On jiawu, the government army in Shaanxi beheaded Sun Shoufa. Edit
In the fifth month, on renyin, the Zhoushan sea pirate Shen Tingyang and others attacked Chongming; the government army attacked and captured them. On jiyou, Hou Tongzeng, a Transmission Commissioner of the former Ming living at home, sent a spy with a letter to the Prince of Lu, falsely promising Hong Chengchou and Tu Guobao the ranks of duke and marquis for settling Jiangnan together, as a plan to sow discord; the Mobile Corps Commander at Zhelin caught the spy and reported it. The emperor saw through the trick and ordered Bashan, angbang zhangjing of Jiangning, and others to look into the affair to the bottom with Chengchou. On gengxu, the disaster taxes of the previous year of Xingguo, Jiangxia and eight other departments and counties were remitted. On guichou, Tong Yangjia was made Governor-General of Guangdong and Guangxi, concurrently Governor of Guangdong. On xinyou, Chang Yingjun, an earl who had come over, the Brigade General Li Jiyu and others were found guilty of dealings with the bandits and executed. On guihai, the emperor went to the Southern Park. On yichou, Bandai, Eqi'er and Hubajin came from the Sunite and surrendered. Edit
In the sixth month, on renshen, the disaster taxes of the previous year of Cheng'an and six other counties were remitted. On bingzi, Li Zong, King of Korea, sent his son Liao to court. On gengchen, the former Ming Prince of Zhao, Zhu Youyan, came and surrendered. On wuzi, the disaster taxes of the previous year of Suide Guard were remitted. On jichou, Beile Boluo was made a Prince of the Second Rank. On guisi, the Shaanxi bandit Wu Dading stormed Ziyang, and the Brigade General Ren Zhen defeated him. The government army in Huguang took Hengzhou, Changde, and Anhua, Xinhua and other counties. On jiawu, Wu Shengzhao, Provincial Commander of Su-Song, plotted rebellion and was executed. On dingyou, the taxes on waste land of the previous year in Shandong were remitted. Edit
In the autumn, the seventh month, on xinchou, Duoduo, Prince De Yu of the First Rank, was raised to Prince Regent and Uncle, Prince De Yu of the First Rank. On guimao, an archery hall was built outside the Zuoyi Gate. On jiachen, the taxes on waste land of the previous year of Xuzhou were remitted. On jiyou, Mo'ergen Batulu, son of the efu Bandi of the Aohan, was made a Prince of the Second Rank. On guichou, Shen Chaoji was made Governor-General of Xuan-Da. On dingsi, Wang Guangdai, a bandit of Yunyang, used the reign title Yongli and gathered followers in rebellion; the Vice Minister Kakamu and others were ordered to suppress them. On wuwu, Ma Guozhu was transferred to be Governor-General of Jiangnan, Jiangxi and Henan. On jiazi, an edict said: "The Central Plain is settled and our civilizing teaching spreads far. Only eastern Guangdong was still held back by the prince of Tang, and the people between the mountains and the sea have groaned under it for more than a day. We therefore turned the army that was campaigning in the south; it swept through Huizhou and Chaozhou and so reached the provincial capital. Considering that you officials and people were not late in coming over, all offenders are pardoned. Arrears and arbitrary levies are all remitted. Commoners aged seventy and above are to be given additional grain and cloth. Those everywhere notable for chastity and filial piety are to be honoured, and men of talent and virtue in the mountains and forests employed. The countries of the southern seas that can turn toward civilization will be treated as Korea is." On bingyin, Zhu Shichang was made Governor of Shanxi. On dingmao, the emperor went beyond the frontier to review troops. That day he halted at Shahe. Edit
In the eighth month, on gengwu, Jin Shenghuan seized Prince Linbo and Prince Aibo of the former Ming imperial house on Mount Luxi and put them to death. On jiaxu, the emperor halted at Xiba'ertai. On bingzi, he halted at the mouth of the Hailiutu River. On renwu, he halted at Chahan Nuo'er. On yiyou, Haoge sent Beile Nikan and others, who took in turn Zunyi, Kuizhou, Maozhou, Neijiang, Rongchang, Fushun and other counties, and beheaded the princes of the former Ming and more than a thousand of their partisans. Sichuan was pacified. On bingxu, the emperor halted at Husutai. On xinmao, Zhang Wenheng was made Governor of Gansu. On bingshen, the emperor returned to the palace. Edit
In the ninth month, on xinchou, there was an earthquake at the capital. On xinhai, the Huai'an bandit Zhang Huashan and others used the reign title Longwu and gathered at Miaowan. On dingsi, Li Youlong was made Governor of Tianjin. On xinyou, the government army attacked the bandits of Miaowan and crushed them. Edit
In the winter, the tenth month, on gengwu, Wang Yang was made Governor of Anhui. On renshen, Zhuo'erbi and others of the Kalaqin came with their people and surrendered. On guiwei, Wu Weihua was made Governor-General of Huai-Yang and Xian Jin Governor of Pianyuan. On wuzi, the great assessment of officials of the provinces every three years was fixed. On renchen, because pearl-gathering in Guangdong was ruining the people, it was stopped. Edit
In the eleventh month, on gengxu, Chen Tai was made General Who Quiets the South and, with the meile zhangjing Dong'alai, sent against the remaining rebels of Fujian. On xinhai, the disaster taxes were remitted for Dai Department, Jingle and twelve other departments and counties of Shanxi, Ninghua and five other guard posts and forts, and De Department, Licheng and thirteen other departments and counties of Shandong. The brokerage and miscellaneous taxes of the late Ming in Shandong were abolished. On wuwu, the Five Phoenix Tower was completed. On guihai, Heaven was sacrificed to at the Round Mound. Edit
In the twelfth month, on wuchen, the disaster taxes of Baoding, Hejian, Zhending and Shunde were remitted. On renshen, Chen Jin was made Governor-General of Fujian and Zhejiang. On jimao, the Gurun Princess, eleventh daughter of Taizong, was given in marriage to Ka'erma Suonamu. On jiashen, the taiji Wubashi and others of the Sunite came over. On bingxu, the great army recovered Changsha from Yuezhou; He Tengjiao, a supreme commander of the former Ming, and others had fled beforehand. Halting at Xiangtan, it defeated a hundred and thirty thousand men under Huang Chaoxuan, an officer of the Prince of Gui, at Yanziwo, defeated him again at Hengzhou and beheaded him, and so took Baoqing and beheaded the Prince of Lu, Zhu Dingzhao, and others. It advanced to attack Wugang; the Prince of Gui, Youlang, fled, and it pursued him to Jingzhou and took the city. It then took Yuanzhou, and the Prince of Min, Zhu Yanjun, surrendered with Liping. Hunan was pacified. On gengyin, Zheng Cai, an officer of the former Ming, attacked Fuzhou, and the Deputy General Zou Bike and others defeated him and drove him off. Edit
In this year the Ke'erqin, Kalaqin, Wuzhumuqin, Aohan, Wengniute, Sunite, Zhalute, Guo'erluosi, Haoqite and Abagai tribes came to court. Korea; and of the Ka'erka, the Zhasaketu Khan, Mo'ergen Chuo'erji, E'erdeni Chuo'erji, Maidali Hutuketu, E'erdeni Guxi, Yilagukesan Hutuketu, the Mahasamadi Saichen Khan, Emubu E'erdeni, Saile Hutuketu and Manzhuxili Hutuketu; under the Zhasaketu Khan, Emubu E'erdeni, the guard Bayan, Shejin Bandi and Maidali Hutuketu; under the Nuomen Khan, Danjin Hutuketu; under the Tuxietu Khan, Zebuzundanba Hutuketu; under the Shuolei Khan, Yihe Emuqi Gelong and E'candele Hatan Batulu; the taiji Wubaxi and Gushi Khan of the E'lute; under Luobuzang Hutuketu, Bahan Gelong and Pensuke Zhamusu; under Abulai Nuoyan, the Nemen Khan, Batulu Nuoyan, Dayun Chuo'erji and E'ji'ertu Taiji; the taiji Weizheng of the Sunite; the taiji Sangtu of the Zhalute; the jinong of the E'erduosi; the zhangjing Tuoboke and Nuo'erbu of the Tumote of Guihua Cheng; and the Tanggute, with Labuzhamu Chuo'erji, the lama Bandida and others, all came with tribute. Edit
In the fifth year, in the spring, the first month, on xinhai, the former Ming Prince of Yichun, Zhu Yiyan, held Tingzhou in rebellion; the Brigade General Yu Yongshou seized and beheaded him. On guichou, the disaster taxes of the three prefectures of Taiyuan, Pingyang and Lu'an and the three departments of Ze, Qin and Liao were remitted. On guihai, the army of Haoge, Prince Su of the First Rank, returned. Luoluohong, Prince Yanxi of the Second Rank, had died with the army; now his coffin came home, and court was suspended for two days. Edit
In the second month, on jiaxu, Jin Shenghuan and Wang Deren rebelled with Nanchang. On xinsi, the government army in Jiangnan recovered Wuwei Department, and the government army in Fujian recovered Liancheng, Shunchang, Jiangle and other counties. On guiwei, the disaster taxes of the previous year of Jinan, Yanzhou, Qingzhou and Laizhou were remitted. On xinmao, a Gurun Princess was given in marriage to Saibuteng of the Balin. On renchen, Lu Fengchun was made Governor of Shandong and Li Jian Governor of Ningxia. The former Ming Prince of Guixi, Zhu Changbiao, and Xiang Dengwei, Earl of Huiwu, raided Yuanzhou; the du zhangjing Xian Guo'an and others attacked and beheaded them. Edit
In the third month, on jihai, the Beizi Tunqi, Shangshan and others denounced Ji'erhalang, Prince Zheng of the First Rank, and the charges reached Mangjia, Bobo'erdai, Aobai, Suoni and others. Ji'erhalang was reduced to a Prince of the Second Rank, and Mangjia and the others were demoted or dismissed according to their guilt. On xinchou, Haoge, Prince Su of the First Rank, was found guilty and sentenced to death. The emperor could not bear to have the law carried out on him and kept him in confinement. On gengxu, Tantai was made Grand General Who Conquers the South, to punish Jin Shenghuan together with Heluohui. On xinyou, Geng Tun was made Governor-General of Xuan-Da and Shanxi. On jiazi, Wu Dading attacked Ningqiang, and the Mobile Corps Commander Zhang Dejun and others routed him. Edit
In the fourth month, on dingmao, Yang Xingguo was made Governor of Shuntian. On wuchen, the disaster taxes of Weiyuan, Jin County and Lanzhou Guard were remitted. On renshen, the government army recovered Jianning and beheaded the former Ming Prince of Yunxi, Zhu Changhu, and others. On jimao, Seleng of the Du'erbote of the Ke'erqin, Duke Who Guards the State, was made a beizi. On gengchen, the gushan ejen Alai and others were sent to garrison Hanzhong. On renwu, the great army took Chenzhou, went on to crush Yongning and reached Quanzhou; He Tengjiao, a supreme commander of the former Ming, fled, and the Prince of Guixi, Zhu Changbiao, the Prince of Nanwei, Zhu Yinwei, the Prince of Changsha, Zhu Youzhi, and others were captured. The Miao and Yao of Tongren, Xing'an and Guanyang came and surrendered. On bingxu, Liu Zhiyuan and Tong Tulai were made Generals Who Settle the South, to garrison Baoqing, and Li Guohan General Who Settles the West, to garrison Hanzhong. On dinghai, Wu Sangui was moved from Jinzhou to hold Hanzhong. Edit
In the intercalary fourth month, on wuxu, Ji'erhalang's rank of Prince Zheng of the First Rank was restored. On guimao, Li Guoying was made Governor of Sichuan. On jiwei, Chi Riyi was made Governor of Huguang. On guihai, the Beizi Tunqi was made Grand General Who Pacifies the West, to punish the rebel Hui of Shaanxi together with Handai. Edit
In the fifth month, on the first day, jichou, there was an eclipse of the sun. On wuchen, the government army crushed the rebel Hui at Gongchang and recovered Lintao and Lanzhou. On xinwei, the Mobile Corps Commander Zhang Yong crushed the rebel Hui at Majiaping, captured the former Ming Prince of Yanchang, Zhu Shijiong, and beheaded him. On renwu, Zhao Fuxing was made Governor of Fengyang. On guiwei, Zhu Yanqing was made Governor of Jiangxi. On jiashen, the government army crushed Jin Shenghuan and recovered Jiujiang and Raozhou. On jichou, Liu Hongyu was made Governor of Anhui. Edit
In the sixth month, on the first day, jiawu, the disaster taxes of the previous year of Xi'an, Yan'an, Pingliang, Lintao, Qingyang and Hanzhong were remitted. On guimao, Zhou Wenye was made Governor of Gansu. On jiachen, E'sai and others routed the rebel Hui at Lanzhou, and the rest of their band was entirely put down. On bingchen, there was an earthquake at the capital with a rumbling sound. On guihai, the Imperial Ancestral Temple was completed. Edit
In the autumn, the seventh month, on dingchou, Chinese Ministers of the Six Ministries and a Senior Censor-in-Chief of the Censorate were appointed for the first time: Chen Mingxia, Xie Qiguang, Li Ruolin, Liu Yuyou, Dang Chongya and Jin Zhijun were made Ministers of the Six Ministries, and Xu Qiyuan Senior Censor-in-Chief. Edit
In the eighth month, on the first day, guisi, Jin Shenghuan and Wang Deren raided Ganzhou, and the government army drove them off. On jihai, Chen Tai, Li Shuaitai and others defeated Zheng Cai at Changle, defeated him again at Lianjiang, and recovered Xinghua. On jisi, Ajige, Prince Ying of the First Rank, Shuosai, Prince Chengze of the Second Rank, and others were ordered to punish the local bandits of Tianjin. On dingwei, the people were forbidden to keep horses or to store weapons. On jiyou, Wang Yipin was made Governor of Fengyang. On renzi, Manchu and Chinese officials and people were permitted to marry one another. On yimao, Xia Yu was made Governor of Tianjin and Zhang Xuesheng Governor of Fujian. Edit
In the ninth month, on the first day, renxu, the government army captured Wu Jiang, a governor of the former Ming, and others at Hukou in Nankang, and beheaded them. On jiazi, Ajige, Prince Ying of the First Rank, punished the local bandits of Cao County and put them down. On jisi, Beile Lekedehun was made Prince Shuncheng of the Second Rank, and Boluo Prince Duanchong of the Second Rank. On renshen, Ji'erhalang, Prince Zheng of the First Rank, was made Grand General Who Settles Distant Lands, to punish the Huguang bandit Li Jin. On dingchou, Beile Nikan was made Prince Jingjin of the Second Rank. Edit
In the winter, the tenth month, on renyin, Daishan, Prince Li of the First Rank, died. On jiachen, Tong Tulai recovered Baoqing. On bingchen, the surrendered general Liu Zeqing joined the bandits of Cao County in revolt; Zeqing and his partisan Li Hongji and others were all executed. Edit
In the eleventh month, on jiazi, Li Chengdong, a rebel general in Guangdong, held Nanxiong and, joining with the cave tribesmen, attacked Ganzhou; the Governor Liu Wuyuan and others drove them off. On bingyin, the Brigade General Ren Zhen attacked He Zhen and crushed him. On wuchen, Heaven was sacrificed to at the Round Mound, with Taizu, Emperor Wu, as co-recipient. Four generations above Taizu were given posthumous honours: his great-great-grandfather, Prince Ze, became Zhaozu, Emperor Yuan; his great-grandfather, Prince Qing, Xingzu, Emperor Zhi; his grandfather, Prince Chang, Jingzu, Emperor Yi; and his father, Prince Fu, Xianzu, Emperor Xuan; their wives all became empresses. The emperor went to the Imperial Ancestral Temple to present the patents and seals. On xinwei, the rites of the co-sacrifice with Heaven and of conferring the honorific titles being complete, the emperor took his seat in the hall to receive congratulations, and a general amnesty was proclaimed. On xinwei, Ajige, Prince Ying of the First Rank, Boluo, Prince Duanchong of the Second Rank, Shuosai, Prince Chengze of the Second Rank, and others led an army to be stationed at Datong, in readiness against the Ka'erka. Edit
In the twelfth month, on the first day, xinmao, the Prince of the Second Rank Wakeda and the Beizi Shangshan, Tunqi and others were ordered to join Ajige's army. Half the officers and troops of the nomadic Mongols of the Eight Banners were moved to guard A'erqitu Sumen Hada. On guisi, Jiang Xiang rebelled with Datong, and the Governor-General Geng Tun fled to Yanghe. On bingshen, the disaster taxes of Pingshan, Longping and Qingfeng were remitted. On wuxu, Ajige besieged Datong. On xinchou, the meile zhangjing Alashan and the Vice Minister Gadahun were also sent to join Ajige's army. On guimao, the disaster taxes of Datong were remitted. On renzi, Yang Jie and others recovered Duchang, captured Yu Yinggui, Minister of War of the former Ming, and beheaded him. On dingsi, Tong Yangliang was made Governor-General of Xuan-Da. Edit
In this year the Sunite, the Zhalute and other tribes came to court. Korea; of the Ka'erka, Emubu E'erdeni, the lama Daiqing Nemen Khan, Sai'erji E'erdeni Weizheng, the Shuolei Khan, Maidali Hutuketu, and E'erdeni Hatan Batulu under the Zhasaketu Khan; of the E'lute, Gushi Khan, Xiletu Chuo'erji and the Nuomen Khan; Ajibu of the Suolun; Danda of the E'erduosi; Tengjite of the Sunite; Beile Zhang Jilun of the Ke'erqin; Gulundiwa Hutuketu of Guihua Cheng and the lama Danjin E'erdeni Zhaisang; Guluge of the Tumote; Wangshuke, Prince Chanhua of Wusizang; and the Dalai Lama of the Tanggute all came with tribute. Korea, Gushi Khan of the E'lute and the Dalai Lama of the Tanggute came twice. Edit
In the sixth year, in the spring, the first month, on renxu, the government army recovered Luoyuan, Yongchun, Dehua and other counties. On guihai, Nikan, Prince Jingjin of the Second Rank, and others were ordered to campaign against Taiyuan. On wuchen, an edict said: "We wish all the officials and people of the empire to rest in peace on their mats, and day and night We plan for it and dare not be idle or careless. In past years the roving bandits rose in rebellion and the disaster was as cruel as could be; when We came within the passes to punish the bandits, scholars and commoners gave their hearts to Us. But in recent years lawless men have invented a false rumour that the people are to be slaughtered. The ignorant common folk lightly believe it and flee and scatter in fear and doubt, and here and there men rise in rebellion. We have heard that he who has no taste for killing men can unite the empire. The Book says: 'Without the multitude, whom would the sovereign uphold? Without the sovereign, the multitude would have none with whom to guard the country.' That a ruler should ravage his own people is against all reason. From the first year until now is six years; has there ever been a slaughter of the people without cause? If the people only think about it, their doubts will melt away like ice. As for those who willingly become bandits and gladly go to their deaths, something must have driven them to it. Is it that the governors-general, governors, brigade generals and regional inspectors are not the right men, and the officials concerned squeeze the people until they can scarcely survive? Or is the remission of taxes so in name but not in fact? Let the officials within and outside the capital deliberate in earnest on measures to promote what is beneficial and remove abuses, and We shall weigh them and put them into effect one by one." On xinwei, Yao Ju and other partisans of Jiang Xiang killed Wang Changling, Circuit Intendant of Jining, and stormed Xinzhou; the gushan ejen Alai crushed them and drove them off. On yihai, an edict said: "Customs posts were set up to collect duties in order to watch for criminals, not to haggle with merchants over every last fraction. Let each levy duties at its original quota; none may make arbitrary exactions to fill his own purse, and those who disobey will be punished." An edict told the soldiers and people of Datong in Shanxi not to be coerced or enticed by Jiang Xiang; all who came over would be shown mercy and pardoned. On wuyin, the rule of joint liability for those who recommend men for office was put into effect. On gengchen, an edict ordered that when remonstrance officials made charges that proved untrue, the court ministers should deliberate on it together, and the matter should not be handed straight to the Ministry of Justice. On xinsi, Jin Tingxian was made Governor of Pianyuan. On renwu, Tantai and Heluohui recovered Nanchang; Jin Shenghuan threw himself into the water and died, Wang Deren was executed, and Jiujiang, Nankang, Ruizhou, Linjiang and Yuanzhou were all pacified. On guiwei, Liu Qian, one of the Shanxi rebel band, raided Dai Department; Ajiluo sent troops who crushed him and drove him off. Edit
In the second month, on guimao, Duo'ergun, the Prince Regent, went on campaign against Datong. The taxes on waste land of Zhili province from before the sixth year, and the salt dues of the merchants and people of Sichuan, were remitted. On xinhai, Zhu Senfu and others of the former Ming imperial house attacked Jie Department; Wu Sangui attacked and beheaded them. Edit
In the third month, on guihai, Duo'ergun stormed Hunyuan Department. On bingyin, Zhang Tianfu, Brigade General of Han-Qiang, put down the bandit chief Qin Yihan, captured the former Ming Prince of Shanyin and others, and beheaded them. On dingmao, the local bandit Wang Yongqiang stormed Yan'an, Yulin and seventeen other departments and counties, and Wang Zhengzhi, Governor of Yansui, and others died. On jisi, Ying Department and Shanyin surrendered; Duo'ergun brought his army back, leaving Ajige at Datong. On xinwei, Shuosai, Prince Chengze of the Second Rank, Boluo, Prince Duanchong of the Second Rank, and Nikan, Prince Jingjin of the Second Rank, were raised to Princes of the First Rank. Wang Yongqiang stormed Tongguan. On renshen, Yang Guozhen, Prefect of Guangxin Prefecture, and others recovered Yushan County. The government army in Ningxia took Linhe and other forts. On yihai, the rebel Hui Mi Layin and Ding Guodong of Gan and Liang rose again in rebellion, and Zhang Wenheng, Governor of Gansu, and others died. On dingchou, Duoduo, Prince Regent, Prince De Yu of the First Rank, died; the army of Duo'ergun, the Prince Regent, was halted at Juyong, and he returned to the capital for the mourning. On jiashen, the law against concealing runaways was eased. Tantai and Heluohui crushed the bandits at Nankang and went on to take Xinfeng; the rebel general Li Chengdong fled and died, and Fuzhou and Jianchang were recovered. Jiangxi was pacified. On bingxu, Boluo sent Aobai and others, who routed Jiang Xiang in the northern hills of Datong. Wu Sangui defeated Wang Yongqiang and recovered Yijun and Tongguan. Edit
In the summer, the fourth month, on gengyin, Luoshuo and Guala were sent to garrison Taiyuan. On guisi, Ajige recovered Zuowei. On yiwei, the Beizi Wudahai and others were ordered to take over the campaign against Datong. On bingshen, Wu Sangui took Pu County. On guimao, the government army in Fujian recovered Pinghe, Zhao'an, Zhangping and Ningyang. On jiachen, Liu Zizhuang and others were granted the degrees of jinshi jidi and jinshi chushen according to rank. On yisi, the Empress Dowager died. On renzi, an edict said: "Since the wars began, the land has gone to waste and the people have fled, wandering with none to appeal to. Let the officials concerned everywhere call them back widely and give them waste land to be their own property for ever; only after six years is the levying of rent to be discussed. Departments and counties are to be ranked, best to worst, by how many people they bring in and encourage to farm, and circuits and prefectures by their diligence or slackness in pressing and overseeing this. At the end of each year the governors and regional inspectors are to examine them and report." On guichou, Dong Zongsheng was made Governor of Yansui. The government army took Funing, and Fujian was pacified. On yimao, the rebel band stormed Fenzhou; Boluo, Prince Duanchong of the First Rank, was made Grand General Who Settles the West and led an army against them. Nikan, Prince Jingjin of the First Rank, moved his army to Datong. On dingsi, the Beizi Mandahai was made a Prince of the First Rank. Edit
In the fifth month, on xinyou, Tulai was sent with troops to join the army at Taiyuan. On bingzi, Li Qifeng was made Governor of Guangdong and Guo Zhaoji Governor of Guangxi. The disaster taxes of the three prefectures of Taiyuan, Pingyang and Fenzhou and the two departments of Liao and Ze were remitted. On dingchou, Kong Youde was re-enfeoffed as Prince Dingnan, Geng Zhongming as Prince Jingnan, and Shang Kexi as Prince Pingnan. Kong Youde was ordered to campaign in Guangxi, and Geng Zhongming and Shang Kexi in Guangdong, each taking his household with him to garrison there. Ten sub-prefects in Zhili, Jiangnan, Shandong, Zhejiang and Shaanxi, and twenty-one assistant sub-prefects in Zhili, Jiangnan, Henan, Huguang, Jiangxi and Zhejiang, were abolished. The disaster taxes of the fifth year of Baodi and Shunyi were remitted. On xinsi, Wu Sangui and Li Guohan recovered Yan'an. On renwu, the frontier commanderies of Sichuan were pacified. On yiyou, Boluo, Prince Duanchong of the First Rank, recovered Qingyuan, Jiaocheng, Wenshui, Xugou, Qi and other counties. Edit
In the sixth month, on gengzi, Li Zong, King of Korea, died. On renzi, the taxes on waste land of Cangzhou and Qingyuan from before the sixth year were remitted. On guichou, Zhang Yingjing was made Great Perfected One of Zhengyi, Heir to the Teaching. On yimao, the arrears of taxes of the fourth and fifth years in Jiangxi were remitted. Edit
In the autumn, the seventh month, on the first day, wuwu, Duo'ergun, the Prince Regent, again went on campaign against Datong. On yichou, Mandahai and Wakeda campaigned against Shuozhou and Ningwu. On dingmao, the disaster taxes of Kaifeng and other prefectures were remitted. On xinwei, Duo'ergun reached Aluxi Ba'ertai, held a hunt and returned. The du zhangjing Suohong and others were sent to reinforce Mandahai's army. On guiyou, the government army put down more than three hundred bandit stockades of Huangzhou and beheaded the former Ming prince Zhu Yuncao and others. On jiashen, remnant rebels from Guangdong attacked Nan-Gan, and the government army beat them back. On bingxu, Wu Sangui and Li Guohan recovered the garrison city of Yansui. Edit
In the eighth month, on guisi, Duo'ergun, the Prince Regent, returned to the capital. The Shanxi rebel band stormed Puzhou, Linjin and Hejin; Meng Qiaofang attacked and put them down. On jiawu, the disaster taxes of Zhending, Shunde, Guangping and Daming were remitted. Mandahai recovered Shuozhou and Mayi. On dingyou, Boluo, Prince Duanchong of the First Rank, stormed Xiaoyi. On bingwu, Ji'erhalang, Prince Zheng of the First Rank, and others took Xiangtan and captured He Tengjiao; he would not submit and was put to death. Chenzhou, Baoqing, Jingzhou and Hengzhou were all pacified, and they went on to take Quanzhou. On dingwei, Li Hao, Heir Prince of Korea, was made King of Korea. On xinhai, Zhang Xiaoren was made Governor-General of Zhili, Shandong and Henan. On renzi, Ajige, Prince Ying of the First Rank, the Beizi Gong'adai and others were sent on campaign against Datong. On guichou, the meile zhangjing Gente and others stormed Yishi. On yimao, the rebels in Datong, long besieged, had nearly all died of hunger, and their self-styled Brigade General Yang Zhenwei beheaded Jiang Xiang and his younger brother Lin and came to present the heads. On bingchen, Liu Wei, the rebels' self-styled Brigade General at Ningwu Pass, and others surrendered with their men, and the mountain strongholds of Jingle and Ninghua were all pacified. Edit
In the ninth month, on wuwu, Emubu was made Prince Da'erhan Zhuoliketu of the Second Rank, and Ga'erma of the Sunite a Beile. On jiazi, Elinchen, Budadai, Gulu, Ajigezhamusu and others of the E'erduosi came and surrendered. Elinchen was made a Prince of the Second Rank, Budadai's son Yilinchen and Gulu's son Seleng were made beizi, and Ajigezhamusu a Duke Who Guards the State. On bingyin, Xia Yu was made Governor of Shandong. On guiyou, the Gurun efu Qitate was made a Prince of the Second Rank. On jiaxu, Mandahai and Boluo took Fenzhou and Pingyang. Edit
In the winter, the tenth month, on wuzi, Duoni was made a Prince of the First Rank and Jieshu a Prince of the Second Rank. On renchen, there was an earthquake at the capital. On jiawu, Laoqin was made a Prince of the First Rank. The government army recovered Yuncheng. On wuxu, the surrendered general Yang Dengzhou rebelled and stormed Shanyin. On jihai, the disaster taxes of the fifth year of Dongping, Changshan and sixteen other departments and counties of Shandong were remitted, and in Jiangxi the late-Ming Liaodong military levy from before the sixth year. On xinchou, Duo'ergun, the Prince Regent, went on campaign against Erchuhu'er of the Ka'erka. On yisi, Ren Zhen, Brigade General of Shaanxi, attacked Tang Zhongheng, an officer of the former Ming, at Tuyouba and beheaded him, and also put to death the former Ming princes Zhu Changying, Zhu Yougang and others. On bingwu, the government army recovered Lu'an. On dingwei, the government army took Yulin. On jiyou, Mandahai and others stormed the two departments of Qin and Liao. On gengxu, Mandahai was ordered back to the capital, leaving Wakeda and others to settle Shanxi. Edit
In the eleventh month, on bingyin, the labour service and taxes of Kai Department, Yuancheng and other counties of Zhili, and the disaster taxes of Minzhou in Shaanxi, were remitted. On jiaxu, Duo'ergun brought his army back from Katunbulake. The disaster taxes of Xuanfu were remitted. On renwu, Geng Zhongming, his army halted at Ji'an, killed himself in fear of punishment. Edit
In the twelfth month, on the first day, yiyou, the three counties of Xing, Ruicheng and Pinglu in Shanxi were pacified. On wuzi, Jiao Lian, an officer of the former Ming Prince of Gui, raided Quanzhou; Lekedehun and others defeated him and went on to take Daozhou. Nushan and others stormed the city of Wusa. Yi'erduqi and others took Liping. On jiyou, the government army recovered the two counties of Linshui and Dazhu. On gengxu, the local rebels of Ningbo, Shaoxing and Taizhou were put down. Edit
In this year Korea; the Abagai, Wuzhumuqin and Tumote tribes; of the E'lute, Abalai Nuoyan, Jikeshihu Batulu Taiji, and Dalai Wubashi Wenbu Tabunang under the son of Gushi Khan; Elinchen, Prince of the Second Rank, of the E'erduosi; of the Ka'erka, the Tuxietu Khan, the Shuolei Khan and Daiqing Nuoyan; Guluge and others of the Tumote of Guihua Cheng; Daiqing Wenbu Da'erhan Nangsu under Yilagukesan Hutuketu; and the Dalai Lama all came with tribute. Korea and the Tuxietu Khan of the Ka'erka came twice. Edit
In the seventh year, in the spring, the first month, on gengshen, the government army recovered Yongning and Ningxiang. On renxu, the government army recovered Nanxiong. On guiyou, Danda of the E'erduosi was made a Beile and Shakecha a Beizi. On jiaxu, the former Ming Prince of Dehua, Zhu Ciye, and the Prince of Shicheng, Zhu Yi, stormed Datian; the government army attacked and put them down. On dingchou, the army of Ji'erhalang, Prince Zheng of the First Rank, returned. Edit
In the second month, on dinghai, the Empress Dowager was given the posthumous title Empress Xiaoduan Zhengjing Renyi Zhuangmin Futian Xiesheng Wen. On jiawu, Liu Hongyu was made Governor of Shanxi and Wang Yipin Governor of Guangxi. Li Jiantai rebelled, holding Taiping; the government army besieged him, and he came out and surrendered and was executed. The territories under Pingyang, Lu'an and Zezhou were all pacified. Edit
In the third month, on jiwei, the sun was red as blood. Edit
In the summer, the fourth month, on jiawu, Kong Youde captured Huang Shun and Lin Guorui, officers of the former Ming, at Xingning, and received the surrender of fifty thousand of their men. On bingshen, Beile Zhang Jilun of the Ke'erqin was made a Prince of the Second Rank. On jiachen, the army of Wakeda, Prince Qian of the Second Rank, returned. Edit
In the sixth month, on yiyou, Cui Yao and other people of Baode Department seized Niu Hualin, an officer of the former Ming, beheaded him, and surrendered the city. On guimao, the government army recovered Ningdu and Shicheng. Edit
In the autumn, the seventh month, on the first day, renzi, offerings were made at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On yimao, Duo'ergun, the Prince Regent, proposed building a city on the frontier as a refuge from the summer heat, and an extra levy of more than two million five hundred thousand taels in money and grain was laid on the nine provinces of Zhili, Shanxi, Zhejiang, Shandong, Jiangnan, Henan, Huguang, Jiangxi and Shaanxi. On xinyou, the emperor went to the residence of Duo'ergun, the Prince Regent. Because the Beizi Xihan and others had presumed to invite the emperor to visit, Duo'ergun had them charged; the Beizi Xihan was reduced to Duke Who Guards the State, and Lengsengji, Aobai and others were dismissed or punished according to their guilt. On renxu, Ma Zhixian was made Governor of Shaanxi. On xinwei, the disaster taxes of the fifth year of the forts and stockades of Xining were remitted. Edit
In the eighth month, on dinghai, Boluo, Prince Duanchong of the First Rank, and Nikan, Prince Jingjin of the First Rank, were reduced to Princes of the Second Rank. On jichou, Saibuteng of the Balin and Boluote of the Haoqite were made Princes of the Second Rank, and Gumu of the Ke'erqin state and Gulusixibu of the Kalaqin were made beile; Shuosai, Prince Chengze of the First Rank, and Laoqin, a Prince of the First Rank, were changed to Princes of the Second Rank. Edit
In the ninth month, on jiayin, Zheng Chenggong, an officer of the former Ming, raided Chaozhou, and the Brigade General Wang Bangjun drove him off. On bingzi, the taxes on waste land of the fifth and sixth years of Qi Department, Macheng and five other departments and counties were remitted. Edit
In the winter, the tenth month, on the first day, xinsi, there was an eclipse of the sun. On jihai, the regulations for the tea and horse trade in Shaanxi were fixed. On gengzi, the government army took Shaowu, captured Jie Chongxi, a cabinet minister of the former Ming, and others, and beheaded them. On jiyou, the taxes on waste land of Tongcheng and five other counties were remitted. Edit
In the eleventh month, on jiayin, the disaster taxes of the previous year in Gansu were remitted. On yimao, Wu Sangui recovered Fugu and beheaded Gao Youcai, a Commissioner of Military Affairs of the former Ming, and others; the rest of their men surrendered. On renxu, Duo'ergun, the Prince Regent, being ill, went hunting beyond the frontier. On yichou, Shang Kexi recovered Guangzhou, and the rest of the enemy surrendered. On wuyin, Heaven was sacrificed to at the Round Mound. Edit
In the twelfth month, on wuzi, Duo'ergun, the Prince Regent, Prince Rui of the First Rank, died at Kala City. On renchen, the news of his death arrived; the emperor was shaken with grief, and the officials and people put on mourning for him. On bingshen, his coffin arrived, and the emperor himself made offerings outside the city. On jihai, an edict said: "When Taizong, Emperor Wen, ascended on high, the princes and ministers begged to set up the Prince Regent as sovereign. The Prince was set on yielding, and raised Us to the throne. He pacified the Central Plain; his supreme virtue and great achievements have had no equal in a thousand ages. Now he has unhappily passed away, and Our heart is broken with grief. The mourning rites within and outside the capital shall follow the rites for an emperor." On gengzi, the late Prince Regent's tallies of authority were taken back and stored in the inner treasury. On jiachen, the late Prince Regent was honoured as Emperor Maode Xiudao Guangye Dinggong Anmin Lizheng Chengjing Yi, with the temple name Chengzong. On yisi, an edict said: "All affairs of state are to be reported to Us. We are still young and cannot yet tell the worthy from the unworthy; where posts of Minister are vacant, let worthy and able men be jointly nominated and put forward. As for the many minor matters, the three princes who manage the government shall deal with them." Edit
In this year Balang Heluoqi, Da'erhan Nangsu, Pencuo Jiancuo and others of the Ka'erka, E'lute and Wusizang tribes came to court. Korea; of the Ka'erka, the Shuolei Khan, the Zhasaketu Khan, the Tuxietu Khan, Chuoketu Weizheng Nuoyan, Daiqing Nuoyan, Namuqi Weizheng Nuoyan, Mo'ergen Taiji of the Chahar, and Suonamu; of the E'lute, Batulu Beile, the taiji Eqi'ertu, Ganbu Hutuketu, Gamubu Hutuketu and Shuhu'er Daiqing; the Prince Chanhua of the Wusizang; the Suolun, the Shilu and other tribes; and Guluge of the Tumote of Guihua Cheng all came with tribute. Korea came twice. Edit
In the eighth year, in the spring, the first month, on the first day, jiyou, the taiji Ga'erma Sawang and Chuhu'er of the Haoqite came over with their people. On xinhai, Budan was made a Deliberative Minister. On jiayin, Ajige, Prince Ying of the First Rank, plotted rebellion and was put in confinement. His partisan Laoqin, a Prince of the Second Rank, was reduced to beizi, and Xiteku and others were sentenced to death. On yimao, Sukesaha and Zhandai were made Deliberative Ministers. On bingchen, the yearly tribute of mandarin oranges from Hanzhong, tangerines from Jiangnan and pomegranates from Henan was abolished. On wuwu, the officials and runners sent everywhere to oversee deliveries from the imperial weaving works, and the yearly tribute of woollens, felt and hides from Shaanxi, were abolished. Duo'erbo, son of Duo'ergun, Prince Rui of the First Rank, was ordered to inherit his rank. On jiwei, the yearly making of city-wall bricks at Linqing was stopped. On gengshen, the emperor took personal charge of the government, took his seat in the hall to receive congratulations, and proclaimed a general amnesty. An edict said: "We now take the great government into Our own hands and oversee its myriad affairs. Heaven and Earth and Our ancestors have laid on Us a very weighty charge, and the officials and people within the seas look very earnestly for good government. Mindful of Our slight virtue, We are in awe day and night. The empire is vast and its affairs are many; We cannot manage them alone. Let all Our princes and beile and all the civil and military officials give their utmost loyalty and fulfil their duties, keep themselves clean and love the people, and report every benefit and abuse to Us, so that Our good intent may reach those below. The common people too should all understand Our heart, attend to the fundamental occupation and be content in their work, and share together in the blessing of peace." Kong Youde took Guilin and beheaded the former Ming Prince of Jingjiang and four hundred and seventy-three civil and military officials; the rest of their band all surrendered. On renxu, the yearly tribute of dragon bowls from Jiangxi was abolished. On bingyin, Xia Yi'e was made Governor of Jiangxi. On dingmao, the tablet of Empress Xiaoduan Wen was placed in the Imperial Ancestral Temple. The late Prince Regent Duo'ergun was posthumously honoured as Chengzong, Emperor Yi, and his tablet placed in the Imperial Ancestral Temple. The Three Inner Courts were moved into the Forbidden City. On jisi, Yitu was made a Deliberative Minister. The sesame and cotton tax of Anzhou was remitted. On dingchou, Boluo, Prince Duanchong of the Second Rank, and Nikan, Prince Jingjin of the Second Rank, were restored as Princes of the First Rank. Gong'adai and Aobai were made Deliberative Ministers. On wuyin, Batuluzhan and Du'erma were made Deliberative Ministers. Edit
In the second month, on gengchen, Mandahai was raised to Prince Xun of the First Rank, Duoni to Prince Xin of the First Rank, Luokeduo to Prince Ping of the Second Rank, Wakeda to Prince Qian of the Second Rank, and Jieshu to Prince Kang of the Second Rank. The coinage was revised, a hundred cash to equal one qian of silver. On xinsi, the taxes of the lean years of Shuozhou, Hunyuan and Datong were remitted. On guiwei, Luoshi and Bo'erhui were found guilty and sentenced to death. The emperor wished to spare their lives, but the officials held firmly in their memorials that he could not, and so they were executed. On wuzi, the emperor conferred an honorific title on the Empress Dowager Zhaosheng Cishou. On jichou, a general amnesty was proclaimed. The disaster taxes of the sixth and seventh years of Wenshang and four other counties were remitted. On xinmao, the work of building a city beyond the frontier was stopped; the extra levy of money and grain already paid was to be counted against the regular taxes of the eighth year, officials who had made contributions were to be considered for recognition as appropriate, and the levy was abolished. On guisi, Sukesaha, Zhandai and Mujilun denounced the late Prince Regent Duo'ergun's treasonable conduct, and all of it proved true. His household property was confiscated, and his partisans Heluohui and Huxi were put to death. On jiawu, the taxes of the lean years in Shanxi were remitted. On wuxu, Beile Yuele was made Prince An of the Second Rank. On jihai, Duo'ergun's crimes were proclaimed within and outside the capital; his honorific titles and the posthumous titles given his mother and wife were stripped away, and the offerings to him in the temple were withdrawn. On gengzi, Chen Tai was transferred to be Minister of Personnel, and Handai was made Minister of Justice. On xinchou, the emperor went to the Southern Park. On renyin, Kong Youde was ordered to move his garrison to Guilin. On guimao, the emperor returned to the palace. On yisi, Fushou, son of Haoge, Prince Su of the First Rank, was made Prince Xian of the First Rank. Edit
In the intercalary second month, on the first day, wushen, Niu Wancai, of the remnant rebels of Hunan, surrendered with his men. On gengxu, Jidu, son of Ji'erhalang, Prince Zheng of the First Rank, was made Prince Jian of the Second Rank, and Ledu Prince Min of the Second Rank. On jiayin, an edict said: "In the order of the state, honest officials come first. Lately greed and corruption have become a habit among the officials, and the common people have lost their livelihoods, which is wholly against Our wishes. Governors-general and governors hold great posts and heavy responsibilities, and everything depends on their recommending and impeaching properly, so that officials know what will be rewarded and what punished. Now those they recommend are mostly undeserving and those they impeach mostly petty officials, while the great embezzlers and great evildoers are indulged and let go. How does that help the conduct of officials? Let the Ministry of Personnel look into it in detail and report." Dang Chongya was transferred to be Minister of Revenue, Jin Zhijun Minister of War, Liu Yuyou Minister of Justice, and Xie Qiguang Minister of Works. The disaster taxes of the seventh year of Xiangfu and five other counties were remitted. On yimao, Shuosai was raised to Prince Chengze of the First Rank. An edict said: "Customs houses were set up so that the state might promote trade, not to oppress it. The officials and clerks of the customs harass the people and seek private gain; it is no different from robbery. We know full well the sufferings of merchants and people. Henceforth each customs post is to have one official, and all superfluous and irregular posts are abolished; nor may they falsely claim credit for diligence in order to be considered for further appointment." On bingchen, an edict ordered the governors-general and governors to sort out the officials, promoting those excellent in both talent and virtue who also understood the written language, and dismissing those who could not read and let their clerks do evil; and those given office by the Ministry of Personnel who failed a test of writing were to be struck off. On jiwei, the Brigade General Xu Erxian took Zhaoqing and Luoding, and Xu Chenggong took Gaozhou. Lamas were forbidden to present images of the Buddha, copper stupas and foreign dogs as tribute. On renxu, Ajige was confined in a separate room and his household property confiscated, and the Beizi Laoqin was stripped of his rank and made a commoner. On yichou, the Grand Secretary Feng Quan, the Minister Xie Qiguang and others were dismissed for their offences. An edict said: "When the state appoints officials, only if they pledge themselves to public spirit and loyalty can they benefit the people and help together to bring about a flourishing order. Since We took charge of the government, We have issued edicts again and again, gladly joining with all in a new beginning. Yet the ministers of the ministries and courts carry on the old abuses, clinging to their salaries and cultivating their connections. We have Ourselves dismissed and promoted men, for all the empire to see. From now on, let them scour away their past faults and each fulfil his duties. If superiors and inferiors still deceive one another, the law will certainly not pardon them." On bingyin, an edict said: "The local bandits of the provinces were all Our people to begin with; driven by hunger and cold, they rose in disorder. In recent years they have been attacked and suppressed again and again, but the commanders of troops kill good people and claim false merit; the real bandits are not destroyed while the people suffer cruelly, which grieves Us deeply. Henceforth the governors-general and governors should use both suppression and conciliation, and not harass the people on the pretext of hunting bandits, so as to accord with Our intent." On dingmao, Kong Youde took Wuzhou and Liuzhou. On wuchen, the Grand Secretary Hong Chengchou was made concurrently Senior Censor-in-Chief of the Censorate, Chen Zhilin Minister of Rites, and Zhang Fengxiang Minister of Works. On jisi, the Vice Ministers superintending army pay in Jiangnan and Shaanxi, and the Vice Minister in general charge of grain transport at Huai'an, were abolished. On gengwu, the gushan ejen Alashan and others suppressed the bandits of Shandong. On renshen, the enclosed land of Zhuo Department, Liangxiang and eleven other departments and counties was released. On yihai, the guilt of the ministers who had attached themselves to Duo'ergun was determined, and Ganglin and Qichongge were both punished. On dingchou, an edict said: "The members of the former Ming imperial house were formerly put to death in great numbers for their lawless conduct, which We greatly pity. Henceforth any who are wandering homeless and willing to submit are to be sent with courtesy by the officials to the capital and supported with Our favour. Those from General Who Guards the State downward are to be registered as commoners in the place where they are, each to settle in his own livelihood." The disaster taxes of Wanping were remitted. Edit
In the third month, on renwu, Boluo, Prince Duanchong of the First Rank, and Nikan, Prince Jingjin of the First Rank, were reduced to Princes of the Second Rank for their offences. On guiwei, the princes, beile and beizi were ordered to divide among them the supervision of the Six Ministries, the Court of Colonial Affairs and the Censorate. On yiyou, the native chieftains of Baojing, Yongshun and other places in Hunan came over. On bingxu, the disaster taxes of the previous year of Wuqiang were remitted. On jichou, Xifu was made Grand Secretary of the Hongwen Academy and Chen Tai Grand Secretary of the Historiography Academy. Li Shuaitai was changed to Grand Secretary of the Hongwen Academy and Ning Wanwo to Grand Secretary of the Historiography Academy. Gadahun was made Administrator of the Censorate, Zhumala Minister of Personnel, Yalai Minister of Revenue, Tanbu Minister of Works, and Lanbai gushan ejen of the Manchu Bordered Blue Banner. On xinmao, the regulations for the princes and dukes assembling at court were fixed. On renchen, the regulations for inheriting ranks were fixed. On guisi, an edict said: "Censors on circuit are charged with giving the people peace and examining the officials. The censors sent hitherto have taken bribes and listened to private requests; when they have lost all restraint themselves, how can they examine officials? And if officials are not examined, how can the people have peace? Henceforth let each wash himself clean and make a new start, and strive to perform his duties; the governors-general and governors are permitted to impeach them, and the Censorate is to assess them and report." On guimao, the regulations for fasting were fixed. On bingwu, sons and younger brothers of the Manchu, Mongol and Chinese-martial banners were permitted to sit the examinations, and to be given office according to their grade of pass. Edit
In the summer, the fourth month, on gengxu, an edict forbade the officials of places on the emperor's route to present gifts. Officials were sent to sacrifice to the sacred peaks, the guardian mountains, the seas and the great rivers, to the tombs of former emperors and kings, and to the Former Teacher Confucius at Queli. The local bandit Luo Rong and others attacked Qianzhou, and the Deputy General Yang Yuming attacked and captured them. On yimao, the emperor went to Shahe. On xinyou, he halted at Chicheng. Wang Wenkui was made Director-General of Grain Transport. On jiazi, the emperor halted at Shangdu. On bingyin, the Prince Duleng of the Second Rank of the Wengniute and others came to court. On jisi, the emperor halted at E'erdong. On gengwu, Korea's yearly tribute of mandarin oranges, pomelos and pomegranates was remitted. Prince Sebuteng of the Second Rank, Gurun efu, of the Balin, and others came to court. Jimao, son of the late Geng Zhongming, Prince Jingnan, was ordered to inherit his rank. On xinwei, the emperor turned back and halted at the Shangdu River. On renshen, he halted at the E'erdong River. Edit
In the fifth month, on the first day, dingchou, the emperor halted at the Mohuli Yizhali River. Xia Yi'e attacked Fu Dingquan and other former officers of the Ming Prince of Tang, pursued them into Fujian, captured Dingquan and others, and beheaded them. On xinsi, the emperor halted at the Ku'erqile River. On renwu, Beile Saileng E'erdeni of the Wuzhumuqin and others came to court. On yiyou, the emperor halted at Xilata. Gadahun was transferred to be Minister of Revenue. Jueshan was made Administrator of the Censorate and Chuobei gushan ejen of the Mongol Bordered White Banner. On renchen, the emperor halted at Sunhe. On guisi, he returned to the palace. On bingshen, the arrears of taxes of the lean years from the fifth to the seventh year in Yingshan were remitted. On gengzi, the rank of Prince of the First Rank was restored to Boluo and Nikan. On jiachen, the Censor Zhang Xuan was sentenced to death for a memorial impeaching the Minister Chen Mingxia. Edit
In the sixth month, on the first day, bingwu, the emperor went to the Southern Park. The government army crushed He Chaishan and other bandits of Shaanxi at Luonan. On dingsi, Alashan attacked the bandits of Yinghe Mountain in Shandong and put them down. On renxu, the tribute of talismans and huangjing root from Mount Taihe was abolished. On yichou, the sacrificial statutes for the imperial tombs, altars and temples were fixed. On gengwu, an edict said: "Because the officials were greedy and cruel, We ordered the governors-general and governors to investigate and impeach them. Yet four or five months have passed and nothing has been reported. Is it not that they have taken bribes and favoured private interests and are held in check by these officials, or are constrained by the powerful and dare not impeach? This is why bandits multiply and the common people see no improvement. Let them carry out the earlier edict at once and state matters plainly, hiding nothing." On xinwei, an edict ordered that the tomb of Shenzong of the former Ming be treated like the Twelve Tombs, with sacrifices at the proper seasons, and households of tomb guards still be kept there. The government army in Guangdong recovered Lianzhou and Yong'an and eleven other counties. On renshen, it was ordered that the ancestral tombs be repaired, guard households set up and the rites of sacrifice fixed, and the rites to the morning sun and the evening moon were restored. Edit
In the autumn, the seventh month, on the first day, bingzi, an edict said: "Lately Chinese who have commended themselves as dependants have stirred up trouble and harmed the people, which We greatly resent. Those who bear taxes and labour service are registered subjects; those who commend themselves are slaves. If slaves are now favoured and registered subjects slighted, what becomes of the state's vitality and its laws? From the bondservant companies of Our own household down to the commended men of the princes, dukes and ministers, any who break the law are to be severely punished, and those who knew of it held jointly liable. Formerly officials who punished commended men were themselves found guilty and reprimanded. Henceforth they are to be punished as ordinary subjects are, so that no distinction is made. Let the whole empire know Our intent." Another edict said: "Officials great and small are all officers of the court; if they are treated with courtesy, the court is the more honoured. Now when Manchu and Chinese officials in the capital commit crimes, some are seized and interrogated before an edict dismissing them has been received, which is quite contrary to proper form. Henceforth, when an official of any office has committed an offence or been accused, an edict must first be requested dismissing him, and only then is he to be sent to the Ministry of Justice for trial; none may be seized and tried directly. Let this be a standing rule." On wuzi, the Grand Secretaries Chen Tai and Li Shuaitai were dismissed for their offences. Yaqin was made Grand Secretary of the Inner Historiography Academy and Du'erde a Deliberative Minister. On yiwei, the emperor went to the Southern Park. On jihai, Chen Mingxia was made Grand Secretary of the Inner Hongwen Academy. Edit
In the eighth month, on the first day, bingwu, the emperor returned to the palace. On dingwei, Wukeshan, Prince Zhuoliketu of the First Rank, of the Ke'erqin, came to court. On jiyou, the Deputy General Xu Wuguang asked that the gold hidden throughout the empire be searched out to pay the troops. The emperor said: "The way for an emperor to increase wealth lies in spending frugally and loving the people. Digging the ground for gold is something unheard of since antiquity." He had him driven out. On yimao, Zhao Kaixin was made Senior Censor-in-Chief. It was decided that in the Shuntian provincial examination the Manchus and Mongols should form one list and the Chinese-martial bannermen and Chinese another, and likewise for the metropolitan and palace examinations. On wuwu, the lady of the Bo'erjijin clan, daughter of Wukeshan, Prince Zhuoliketu of the First Rank, of the Ke'erqin, was installed as empress. On renxu, the establishment of the cavalry and infantry was revised. Tantai, Minister of Personnel, was found guilty and executed, and his household property confiscated. On yiyou, the rites of the imperial wedding being complete, the title of the Empress Dowager was enlarged to Empress Dowager Zhaosheng Cishou Gongjian. On bingyin, the emperor took his seat in the hall to receive congratulations and proclaimed an act of grace and amnesty. On wuchen, the rank of Haoge, Prince Su of the First Rank, was posthumously restored. On jisi, an edict abolished all the yearly tribute of local products throughout the empire that burdened the people. On guiyou, Chen Jin, Jin Li and others pursued the former Ming Prince of Lu to Zhoushan and captured his officer Ruan Jin. Edit
In the ninth month, on gengchen, the court ceremonial was fixed. On renwu, Wu Sangui, Prince Pingxi, was ordered to campaign in Sichuan. Chen Jin and Jin Li took Zhoushan, and the former Ming Prince of Lu fled. On bingxu, Yalai, Tanbu and Jueshan were dismissed; Zhuoluo was made Minister of Personnel, Cheke Minister of Revenue, Lanbai Minister of Works, Eluosaichen Senior Censor-in-Chief of the Censorate, and Zhao Guozuo gushan ejen of the Chinese-martial Bordered Red Banner. Dusiga'er of the Abagai was made a Prince of the Second Rank. The gushan ejen Gadahun campaigned against Duo'erji of the E'erduosi. On dinghai, the taxes on the abandoned military farms of the four passes of Yongping were removed. On renchen, the Chengtian Gate was renamed the Tian'anmen. On guisi, the emperor hunted in the near suburbs. On xinchou, he returned to the palace. On guimao, the Tuxietu Khan, the Chechen Khan, the Saichen Khan and others of the Ka'erka came with tribute. Edit
In the winter, the tenth month, on jiyou, Shuosai, Prince Chengze of the First Rank, and Wakeda, Prince Qian of the Second Rank, were made Prince Counsellors. On xinhai, the disaster taxes of Xuanfu were remitted. On dingsi, Esehei was made Grand Secretary of the Historiography Academy. On gengshen, Ajige was ordered to take his own life. On xinyou, Li Guohan joined Wu Sangui in the campaign in Sichuan. Ma Guanghui was made Governor-General of Zhili, Shandong and Henan. On jiazi, the presents of pearls, sables and saddled horses from the princes at the three great festivals, and the yearly presents of horses from the Duke Yansheng and from the garrisons of Xuanfu and Datong, were remitted. On yichou, the hill of the tombs of Zhaozu and Xingzu was named Qiyun Mountain, the hill of the tombs of Jingzu and Xianzu Jiqing Mountain, the hill of the Fu Tomb Tianzhu Mountain, and the hill of the Zhao Tomb Longye Mountain. That day auspicious clouds appeared over Qiyun Mountain. Edit
In the eleventh month, on the first day, yihai, the emperor's first son, Niuniu, was born. On bingzi, Yu Dahai came with his men to Yiling and asked to surrender. On bingxu, Shang Kexi took Leizhou. On yiwei, the disaster taxes of the previous year of the two prefectures of Pingyang and Lu'an and the three departments of Ze, Liao and Qin were remitted. On wuxu, Yi'erde was made gushan ejen of the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner, and Tong Tulai gushan ejen of the Chinese-martial Plain Blue Banner. On gengzi, the disaster taxes of the previous year of Yangqu and three other counties were remitted. On renyin, the taxes of the lean years of Ningjin were remitted. Edit
In the twelfth month, on bingwu, the taxes of the lean years of the previous year of Tongcheng and three other counties were remitted. On dingmao, Zhou Guozuo was made Governor of Jiangning. Edit
In this year Korea; of the E'lute, E'erdeni Taiji, Kundulun Wubashi and Abalai; of the Ka'erka, the Tuxietu Khan, the Chechen Khan, the Saichen Khan, Gushi Khan and the taiji Wubashi; and the Dalai Lama all came with tribute. Edit
In the ninth year, in the spring, the first month, on the first day, guiyou, the emperor went to the Southern Park. On xinsi, Chen Tai was made Minister of Rites. On renwu, the Grand Secretary Chen Mingxia was dismissed for his offences. Zhang Xuan was cleared of the wrong done him, and the Ministry of Rites was ordered to discuss posthumous honours for him. There was an earthquake at the capital. On yiyou, Chen Weixin was made Governor of Guangxi. On renyin, the emperor's first son, Niuniu, died. Edit
In the second month, on dingwei, Huxibu was made gushan ejen of the Manchu Bordered Red Banner. Gadahun and others attacked Duo'erji and others of the E'erduosi in the Helan Mountains and wiped them out. On wushen, Mandahai, Prince Xun of the First Rank, died, and was posthumously made Prince Jian of the First Rank. On gengxu, the text of the Six Instructions, inscribed on recumbent stelae, was issued throughout the empire. On gengshen, Ji'erhalang, Prince Zheng, was raised to Uncle Prince Zheng of the First Rank. On xinyou, Chen Zhilin was made Grand Secretary of the Hongwen Academy and Sun Maolan Governor of Ningxia. Edit
In the third month, on yihai, Wang Duo was made Minister of Rites and Fang Kezhuang Senior Censor-in-Chief. Zhang Xuan was posthumously made Chief Minister of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, and his son was also employed in his father's office. On gengchen, the regulations on honours conferred on officials' relatives were fixed. On bingxu, the princes, beile and beizi ceased to supervise the business of the ministries. Duoduo, Prince Yu of the First Rank, was posthumously reduced to a Prince of the Second Rank. On dinghai, Boluo, Prince Duanchong of the First Rank, died, and was posthumously made Prince Ding of the First Rank. On jichou, Chen Tai was made gushan ejen of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner. On guisi, Ebilong, E'erke Daiqing, Zhaobutai, Laitaku and Suohong were made Deliberative Ministers, and Jueluo Langqiu and Hu Shi'an Ministers of Rites. Gong'adai, Xihan, Xinabuku and Lengsengji were executed for their crimes and their property confiscated. Baiyintu was spared death and kept in confinement. On wuxu, Lekedehun, Prince Shuncheng of the Second Rank, died, and was posthumously made Prince Gonghui of the Second Rank. On jihai, Maleji and other Manchu and Mongol graduates of the metropolitan examination, and Zou Zhongyi and other Chinese-martial and Chinese graduates, were granted the degrees of jinshi jidi and jinshi chushen according to rank. Edit
In the summer, the fourth month, on bingwu, Cai Shiying was made Governor of Jiangxi. On dingwei, the Governors of Deng-Lai and of Xuanfu were abolished. On yimao, Handai was made Minister of Personnel, Lanbai Minister of Justice, Xingna Minister of Works, and Alashan Senior Censor-in-Chief of the Censorate. On wuwu, Kong Youde took Nanning, Qingyuan and Si'en in Guangxi, and Chen Bangfu, an officer of the former Ming, surrendered with Xunzhou. On jiwei, officials of the prefectures, departments and counties were excused from coming to court for audience. On gengshen, the system of official titles, carriages and dress for the princes and those below them was fixed. On yichou, the proposal of the Ministry of Rites was approved: court to be held three times a month, and a lecture on the classics once in spring and once in autumn. Officials of the Imperial Clan Court were appointed. Edit
In the fifth month, on dingchou, an edict ordered the evaluation of officials in the capital to be held once every six years. On jimao, the cattle tax of Jiangyin and Qingpu was remitted. On renwu, Kakamu was made angbang zhangjing, to hold Jiangning. On gengzi, the emperor went to the Southern Park. Edit
In the sixth month, on dingwei, the guards and battalions of Zhili were reduced and merged. On wushen, the emperor returned to the palace. On gengxu, Nikan, Prince Jingjin of the First Rank, was put in charge of the Imperial Clan Court, with Beile Shangshan and the Beizi Wudahai as Clan Superintendents of the Left and Right. The government army attacked the bandits of Zhaoqing and Gaozhou and put them down. On dingsi, an edict ordered the assessment of military officers to be held once every six years. On bingyin, officials of the Supervisorate of the Heir Apparent's Household were appointed. Tu'erge was given the posthumous name Duke Zhongyi and Tulai Duke Zhaoxun, and both were made to share in the offerings of the Imperial Ancestral Temple. Edit
In the autumn, the seventh month, on guiyou, Sun Kewang, a general of the former Ming, stormed Guilin, and Kong Youde, Prince Dingnan, died there. On bingzi, the north gate of the Imperial City was named the Di'anmen. Chen Jin, Governor-General of Zhejiang and Fujian, campaigning against Zheng Chenggong, reached Zhangzhou and was killed by his own men. On gengchen, the arrears of brokers' taxes for the sixth and seventh years in Huai'an were remitted. On jiashen, Nikan, Prince Jingjin of the First Rank, was made Grand General Who Settles Distant Lands, to campaign in Hunan and Guizhou. The mourning rules for Manchu officials were fixed. On dinghai, Ba'erchuhun was made gushan ejen of the Manchu Bordered Red Banner. The disaster taxes of the previous year of Ci Department, Xiangfu and six other departments and counties, and of Huaiqing Guard, were remitted. Wu Sangui and Li Guohan settled Zhangla, Songpan and Chongqing. They sent the meile zhangjing Daidu to besiege Chengdu, and Liu Wenxiu, a commander of the former Ming, surrendered the whole city. On jichou, the labour service and taxes of the lean years of Linyi and three other counties were remitted. On xinmao, the native chieftains of Tianquan Liufan, Wusizang and other places came and submitted. On wuxu, Zu Zeyuan was made Governor-General of Huguang and Sichuan. Edit
In the eighth month, on yisi, the marriage rites for princes, dukes and those below them were revised. On bingwu, Wakeda, Prince Qian of the Second Rank, died. On dingsi, Nikan was ordered to move his army against the remaining rebels of Guangxi. Edit
In the ninth month, on the first day, gengwu, Zhukongge, Ajilai and Yibai were made Deliberative Ministers. On xinsi, the rites of sacrifice and burial for princes and those below them were revised. On guiwei, the du zhangjing A'erjin was made General Who Settles the South, to campaign with Malaxi against the remaining rebels of Guangdong. On jiashen, Liu Qingtai was made Governor-General of Zhejiang and Fujian and Wang Laiyong Governor of Shuntian. On xinmao, the emperor went to the Imperial Academy and made the offering to Confucius. On guisi, the Duke Yansheng, the Erudites of the Five Classics, the descendants of the Four Families, the Chancellor, the Director of Studies and other officials were given gifts according to rank. An edict said: "The way of the sage is like the sun in the midst of heaven: those above rely on it to bring about good government, and those below draw on it to serve their sovereign. Let the education officials and the students strive in it together." Edit
In the winter, the tenth month, on gengzi, the disaster taxes from the sixth to the eighth year of Pei County were remitted. Shang Kexi and Geng Jimao took Qinzhou and Lingshan; the former Ming Prince of Xiping, Zhu Yuyu, bound the bandit chief Li Mingzhong and came to surrender, and the commanderies of Gao, Lei, Lian and Qiong were all pacified. On renyin, the government army recovered Wuzhou. On guimao, because of the year's famine, an edict ordered grain stored in every place, forbade blocking the sale of grain, and honoured those who contributed grain. On bingwu, the disaster taxes of the sixth year of Sanshui and two other counties were remitted. On renzi, Liu Yuyou was made Minister of Revenue. On guichou, the taxes of the lean years of Bazhou, Dong'an and Wen'an were remitted. On jiayin, Sun Kewang raided Baoning, and Wu Sangui and Li Guohan routed him. Xifu, Fan Wencheng, Esehei, Cheke, Jueluo Langqiu, Ming'andali, Jixiha and Xingna were made Deliberative Ministers; Bahana was made Minister of Justice, and Lanbai was dismissed. On wuwu, Jidu, Heir Prince of Prince Zheng of the First Rank, Duoni, Prince Xin of the Second Rank, Yuele, Prince An of the Second Rank, Ledu, Prince Min of the Second Rank, and Beile Shangshan, Du'erhu and Dulan were ordered to take part in deliberating on government. On xinyou, A'erjin was made General Who Brings Peace to the West, and with Malaxi moved to hold Hanzhong. On bingyin, Li Huaxi was made Minister of Justice. On dingmao, Taizong's Great Noble Consort was honoured as Great Noble Consort Yijing, and Consort Shu as Consort Kanghui Shu. Edit
In the eleventh month, on gengwu, Zhuoluo was made General Who Quiets the South, to campaign with Lanbai and others against the remaining rebels of Guangxi. On jichou, Heaven was sacrificed to at the Round Mound. On gengyin, Bai Wenxuan, a general of the former Ming, raided Chenzhou, and the Brigade General Xu Yong, the Assistant Administration Commissioner Liu Shengzuo and the Prefect Wang Renqi died there. On xinmao, Nikan reached Xiangtan; Ma Jinzhong and other generals of the former Ming fled to Baoqing, and he pursued them to Hengshan and defeated them, and defeated them again at Hengzhou. Nikan died with the army. Nikan was posthumously made Prince Zhuang of the First Rank. On yiwei, the disaster taxes of Xin Department, Leping and other departments and counties were remitted. Edit
In the twelfth month, on xinchou, the disaster taxes of Taiyuan, Pingyang, Fenzhou, Liao, Qin and Ze were remitted. On renyin, an edict ordered the land that had been allotted from more than three hundred households of Qingyuan to commended men to be given back to them, and their land rent remitted for a year besides. The government army recovered Anfu and Yongxin. On bingwu, Zhuoluo's and the others' armies were withdrawn to the capital. On gengxu, the emperor went to the Southern Park. On wuwu, he returned to the palace. Bandits of Guangdong attacked Xiangshan, and the government army put them down. On jiwei, A'erjin was again made General Who Settles the South, to punish the remaining rebels of Chen and Chang with Malaxi and others. On jiazi, the disaster taxes of Changwu were remitted. Edit
In this year the Dalai Lama came to court. Korea; of the E'lute, Gushi Khan and Batulu Nuoyan; Daiqing Nuoyan and Lamada'er Da'erhan Nuoyan under the Tuxietu Khan of the Ka'erka; Suolang'a Da'erhan of the Suolun; and the Panchen Hutuketu, the Diba, and the lama Baka Hutuketu all came with tribute. Gushi Khan of the E'lute came three times. Edit
In the tenth year, in the spring, the first month, on gengwu, an edict said: "Since We took charge of the government, We have seen only Manchu ministers memorialize on affairs. Yet officials great and small are all Our trusted intimates. Henceforth all memorials are to be submitted jointly by the Manchu and Chinese vice ministers, chief ministers and those above them, each ceasing to shift responsibility onto others, to show that all are of one mind." On xinwei, an edict said: "Remonstrance officials should not pick at trivial matters. We deal with ten thousand affairs a day; how could there be nothing that fails to accord with Heaven's will or with the people's hearts? Let the ministers speak plainly and hide nothing. Those who speak to the point will surely be honoured, and the blunt will not be punished." On guiyou, the disaster taxes of Zhuanglang, Hongchengbu and Taozhou Guard were remitted. On dingchou, Hong Chengchou was changed to Grand Secretary of the Hongwen Academy and Chen Mingxia to Grand Secretary of the Secretariat Academy. On gengchen, Beile Tunqi was made Grand General Who Settles Distant Lands, in command of the army campaigning in Hunan, and was given his plan of campaign. On bingxu, the duoluo efu Neiduo was made a Deliberative Minister. An edict ordered ministers of the third grade and above each to recommend men they knew, the law of joint liability still being strictly applied. On gengyin, Jin Zhijun was transferred to be Senior Censor-in-Chief, and Liu Chang was made Minister of Works. On guisi, the yearly stipends of beile and those below them were revised. On bingshen, the emperor went to the inner park and read the Comprehensive Mirror. He asked which was the best of Gaozu of Han, Emperor Wen, Guangwu, Taizong of Tang, Taizu of Song and Taizu of Ming. Chen Mingxia answered: "Taizong of Tang seems to surpass them." The emperor said: "Not so. The laws that Taizu of Ming laid down could be handed down for ever; none of the rulers of other ages can match him." Edit
In the second month, on gengzi, the taiji Ga'erma Sawang of the Haoqite was made a Prince of the Second Rank. On renzi, the Grand Secretary Chen Zhilin was dismissed. On jiayin, Chen Zhilin was made Minister of Revenue. On yimao, Shen Yongzhong was made General for the Suppression and Pacification of Hunan, to hold Hunan. On jiwei, the duplicate Manchu Ministers of the ministries were cut. On gengshen, Gao Eryan was made Grand Secretary of the Hongwen Academy and Feiyanggu a Deliberative Minister. On xinyou, Ming'andali and Liu Yuyou were found guilty and dismissed. On jiazi, Benta'er, Gunbu, Benbashixi and Zhamusu Taiji, under the Tuxietu Khan of the Ka'erka, came over with their people. Edit
In the third month, on wuchen, the emperor went to the Southern Terrace for an archery contest. Holding his bow, he said: "Our dynasty won the empire by this. Whenever We go hunting, We mean to practise riding and archery. Now that We oversee the myriad affairs the days are not long enough, yet We have never forgotten it." Johann Adam Schall von Bell, Chief Minister of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, was given the title Master of Penetrating the Mysteries. The arrears of taxes of the sixth year were remitted for Kelan, Baode and seventy-two other departments and counties of Shanxi, and seven tenths of them for Dai, Yuci and ten other departments and counties. On jisi, Benta'er of the Ka'erka was made Prince Da'erhan of the First Rank, Gunbu Prince Zhuoliketu of the Second Rank, and Benbashixi a beizi. The disaster taxes of the ninth year of Ji Department, Fengrun and nine other departments and counties were remitted. On gengwu, the emperor went to the Southern Park. On jiaxu, the arrears of taxes of Wutai County and half its regular taxes of the eighth year were remitted. On jimao, the arrears of taxes of the sixth year on waste land in Jiangxi were remitted. On xinsi, schools for the imperial clan were set up, and teachers were chosen for all sons of princes of the first and second ranks who had reached ten years of age. On yiyou, the emperor returned to the palace. On bingxu, Jixiha was dismissed. Gadahun was made Minister of War. On jiawu, Feng Quan was again made Grand Secretary of the Hongwen Academy. Edit
In the summer, the fourth month, on dingyou, the emperor himself examined Cheng Kegong and other Hanlin officials. On gengzi, he took his seat in the Hall of Supreme Harmony, received the officials who had come for audience, and sent them back with instructions. An edict said: "Among the officials of the state, those who serve at the capital learn the institutions well, and those who serve in the provinces know the people's ways; only when men have served both within and without can true talent be seen. We have now examined the literary officials Ourselves. Those who are not kept in their posts are to be given other appointments as is fitting, and, following the old precedent for literary officials transferred to the provinces, are to be favoured with posts as commissioners and circuit intendants." The Ministry of Personnel and the Censorate were ordered for the first time to hold the evaluation of officials in the capital. On jiachen, the arrears of taxes from the sixth to the ninth year in Hunan and the taxes of the lean years of Xia County in Shanxi were remitted. On bingwu, Tong Guoqi was made Governor of Fujian. On dingwei, Tuhai was made Grand Secretary of the Hongwen Academy. On renzi, because of drought, an edict sought plain-spoken advice and reduced punishments and imprisonment. On jiayin, the education censors and education intendants were ordered to put the administration of schools in order. Quotas of students were fixed and false or excessive enrolment forbidden. The materials the people had to supply and deliver were commuted to payments in silver, and the Single Whip method was put into effect. On dingsi, the rule that Manchu officials leave office to observe three years' mourning was fixed. On jiwei, Cheng Kegong was made Minister of Personnel. On guihai, a third of the taxes of the lean years before the ninth year in Fuzhou and five other prefectures was remitted. Edit
In the fifth month, on jiaxu, the sending of censors as regional inspectors to the provinces was stopped. The disaster taxes of the ninth year of Xiangfu and six other counties, and of the eighth year of Mianyang, Qianjiang and Jingling, were remitted. On yihai, Zheng Zhilong was made Marquis of Tong'an, his son Chenggong Duke of Haicheng, and his younger brother Hongkui Earl of Fenghua. Kakamu was made General Who Quiets the South, to campaign against the remaining rebels of Guangdong. The disaster taxes of the eighth and ninth years of Licheng and sixty-eight other departments and counties were remitted. On dingchou, the regulations for honouring members of the imperial clan for fidelity, filial piety, chastity and heroic virtue were fixed. On jimao, an edict said: "The empire has only just been settled and its wounds have not yet healed. Year after year there have been floods and droughts; the people cannot make a living, hunger and cold press upon them, and they are driven to become bandits. Though the chief evildoers are many, can there be none among them wrongly or excessively accused? Those forced to follow have sunk in and have no way to free themselves. When We think of these people, which of them is not Our child? To destroy them is very easy; to let them grow and multiply again is very hard. To wipe them all out would be deeply pitiable. We now bestow a special grace and stretch Our leniency to pardon them: if they truly repent, all may make a new start. The officials where they are shall settle them properly; soldiers shall return to the ranks and commoners go back to farming, and those who do not wish to return home may stay where they are. None is to be left without a place. Let this be made known to all." On gengchen, the regulations for the hot-season review of cases were fixed. On yiyou, Shu'erhaqi was posthumously made a Prince of the First Rank, and E'ergun, Jiekan, Ya'erhaqi and Husai Princes of the Second Rank. The disaster taxes of the ninth year of Wuchang, Hanyang, Huangzhou, Anlu, De'an, Jingzhou and Yuezhou were remitted. On gengyin, Hong Chengchou was given the title Grand Guardian and made Commissioner of Military Affairs for Huguang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and Guizhou. On renchen, Zhang Bingzhen was made Minister of Justice. On jiawu, the disaster taxes of the ninth year of Ba Department, Baoding and twenty-nine other departments and counties were remitted. Edit
In the sixth month, on the first day, yiwei, Tachapiangu and Mu'erhaqi were posthumously made beile. On dingyou, an edict said: "An emperor transforms the people by virtue and orders them by ritual, and uses punishment only when he must. The law is the balance of the empire; it is not to be made lighter or heavier according to pleasure or anger. Formerly, when officials or people were found guilty, the case was always sent to the ministry for deliberation, for the office of judge calls for clear sight and fairness. Yet some, guessing at Our private mind, propose heavy sentences for matters sent down from the throne and leave the decision to Us; or, citing old cases, they twist the wording until it slides into harshness. We wish all living things to be at ease, and We govern those below with leniency. Even people who became bandits from hunger and cold are allowed to give themselves up, and offenders in distant regions not yet submitted are offered pardon and welcome. How much less could We bear to see common people and court officials fall into wrongful or excessive punishment? Henceforth the judicial offices must establish the true facts and cite the proper statute; the practice of trapping men and weaving charges against them must be rooted out entirely, so that punishments may come to be laid aside." The Grand Secretary Gao Eryan was dismissed. On guimao, the rules for the autumn executions and the court assizes were restored. On yisi, Zu Zeyuan was made Governor-General of Huguang alone, and Meng Qiaofang was made concurrently Governor-General of Sichuan. On bingwu, the disaster taxes of the eighth year of Cixi and four other counties were remitted. On xinhai, posthumous names were given to sixteen men of the former Ming who had died for their cause, the Grand Secretary Fan Jingwen, the Minister of Revenue Ni Yuanlu and others, and the eunuch Wang Cheng'en; sacrificial fields were given them besides, and the local officials were to make offerings. The taxes in money and grain payable in kind throughout the empire were commuted to silver, and the Single Whip method was put into effect. On guichou, Beile Tunqi and others defeated Sun Kewang at Baoqing. On gengshen, Li Shuaitai was made Governor-General of Guangdong and Guangxi. The Cining Palace was completed. On xinyou, additional Chinese Grand Secretaries were appointed to the Three Inner Courts, two to each. On guihai, an edict said: "Under Tang, Yu, Xia and Shang eunuchs were not employed. Under the Zhou they merely held such posts as keeping the palace gates, sweeping and carrying orders. From Qin and Han onward they were first given authority over affairs and granted ranks and salaries; they commanded troops and meddled in government, leaving disaster to later ages. With small loyalties and small good faith they bound fast the ruler's heart, while great villains secretly seized the power of the state. In the deep and secret palace, where the ruler lived at leisure, they confused right and wrong to mix the worthy with the wicked, spied out his pleasures and angers to wield power and favour; upheavals often arose from within, and power slipped downward. Looking over these overturned carts, We may take warning. Weighing antiquity against the present, We shall establish them in measured numbers, their rank not to exceed the fourth grade. Unless sent on official errands, they may not leave the Imperial City. Any outside official found to have associated with them will be sentenced to death along with them." Edit
In the intercalary sixth month, on bingyin, Cheng Kegong was made Grand Secretary of the Secretariat Academy, Zhang Duan Grand Secretary of the Historiography Academy, and Liu Zhengzong Grand Secretary of the Hongwen Academy. On yihai, Jin Zhijun was made Minister of Personnel. On gengchen, an edict said: "According to the Great Plan, gravity is answered by seasonable rain; Heaven and man respond to one another, and the principle never fails. We are diligent from morning and watchful at evening, hoping to receive Heaven's blessing. Yet lately heavy rain has fallen on the capital for a whole month; standing water has formed channels and destroyed the people's houses, and the poor live flooded and short of food. All this Our lack of virtue has brought about. We now give Ourselves wholly to self-cultivation and reflection, in reverent awe of Heaven's warning. Officials great and small should warn one another and take heed." Edit
In the autumn, the seventh month, on the first day, jiawu, by the instruction of the Empress Dowager, the emperor issued eighty thousand taels of silver saved from economies to relieve soldiers and people suffering from the floods. On xinchou, Yi Yonggui was made Governor of Nan-Gan. On gengxu, the emperor's second son, Fuquan, was born. On xinyou, Yuele, Prince An of the Second Rank, was made Grand General Who Proclaims Might and led an army to garrison Guihua Cheng. Edit
In the eighth month, on renwu, the Heshuo Princess, fourteenth daughter of Taizong, was given in marriage to Yingxiong, son of Wu Sangui, Prince Pingxi. Shang Kexi took Huazhou and Wuchuan. On jiashen, the grades of military posts were fixed. On bingxu, Lei Xing was made Governor of Henan. On jichou, the empress was deposed and made Consort Jing. On xinmao, Li Dingguo attacked Pingle, and the Fujiang Circuit Intendant Zhou Yongxu, the Prefect Yin Mingting, and the Magistrates Tu Qipeng and Hua Zhong died there. Edit
In the ninth month, on renzi, the rule that the Ministry of Justice report death sentences three times was restored. On bingchen, Geng Jimao and Kakamu took Chaozhou. On dingsi, Meng Qiaofang attacked the former Ming Prince of Yichuan, Zhu Jingsu, at Ziyang and put him down. Edit
In the winter, the tenth month, on the first day, guihai, Tian Xiong was ordered to move his garrison to Dinghai. On yichou, Ma Guanghui and others attacked the rebel general Hai Shixing at Yongcheng, and Shixing was executed. On bingyin, Jixiha was sent against the local rebels of Shandong. On yiyou, gruel kitchens were set up to relieve the hungry in the capital. The disaster taxes of Tong Department, Miyun and five other departments and counties were remitted. On wuzi, the Grand Secretaries and academicians were ordered to take turns on duty inside the Taihe Gate. Edit
In the eleventh month, on jiawu, Heaven was sacrificed to at the Round Mound. On wuxu, Zheng Chenggong would not accept the rank offered him, and was answered with a gracious edict. On wushen, Kang Deshi was made Governor of Henan. On jiyou, the government army attacked the rebel Hui of Xining and put them down. On yimao, Zhumala and Jin Zhijun were dismissed. On bingchen, the disaster taxes of Jiangnan were remitted. On wuwu, Liu Qingtai suppressed the bandits of Jiuxian Mountain and put them down. On jiwei, the disaster taxes of fifty-four departments and counties of Jiangxi were remitted. Edit
In the twelfth month, on bingyin, Chen Tai was made Grand General Who Pacifies the South and Quells the Bandits, to hold Hunan with Lanbai. On dingmao, Lu Gong was made Grand Secretary of the Hongwen Academy, Bobo'erdai a Deliberative Minister, and Feng Shengzhao Governor of Pianyuan. On xinwei, the emperor went to the Southern Park. On jiaxu, the disaster taxes of the ninth year of the eight counties of Jinhua were remitted. On guiwei, officials of the Ministry of War for the apprehension of runaways were appointed. Luobi was made a Deliberative Minister. On jiashen, the disaster taxes of the ninth and tenth years of Kaifeng, Zhangde, Weihui, Huaiqing and Runing were remitted. On bingxu, Zheng Chenggong attacked Wusong, and the government army drove him off. On dinghai, the emperor returned to the palace. That night there was an earthquake with a rumbling sound. Edit
In this year Korea; Ryukyu; Suonuo E'erdeni and E'erdeni Hatan Batulu under the Tuxietu Khan of the Ka'erka; of the E'lute, Gushi Khan and the taiji Nuomuqi under Gushi Khan; Badaketu of the Suolun; Yikuda of Fula village; Wumote and E'erduoke of Heilongjiang; and the Dalai Lama of Wusizang all came with tribute. Korea came twice. Edit
In the eleventh year, in the spring, the first month, on xinchou, the officials of imperial weaving were abolished. On wushen, the disaster taxes of the previous year of Jiangning, Anhui, Suzhou, Songjiang, Changzhou, Zhenjiang, Luzhou, Fengyang, Huai'an, Xuzhou and Chuzhou were remitted. On jiyou, Yuan Kuoyu was made Governor of Pianyuan, and Hu Quancai governor in charge of Yunyang. On gengxu, the bandits of Yuedong in Renhua, Guangdong, were put down. On guichou, Zheng Chenggong attacked Chongming, Jingjiang and Taixing, and the government army drove him off. On jiayin, Jin Li was made Governor-General of Sichuan, Shaanxi and the Three Borders. On yimao, Zheng Chenggong attacked Jinshan. On dingsi, the disaster taxes of the previous year of Shunde, Guangping, Daming, Tianjin and Ji Department were remitted. On xinyou, the government army attacked the bandits at Taoyuan and put to death their self-styled Brigade General Li Yangchun and others. Edit
In the second month, on guihai, the emperor sacrificed to the sun at the eastern suburb. On bingyin, an edict said: "The remonstrance officials are the court's eyes and ears. We have sought plain speaking again and again, with the most earnest hopes. Yet whenever We read the memorials, those sincerely devoted to the state are few and those who form cliques and serve private interests are many, which We strongly disapprove. Let them cleanse their hearts and so renew the government." Jin Zhijun was made Grand Secretary of the Historiography Academy. On gengwu, the governors-general and governors of the provinces were assessed, and dismissed or promoted according to their merits. On bingzi, the emperor ploughed the sacred field for the first time. On wuyin, the poll tax for the missing adult males in Jiangxi was remitted. On xinsi, Shang Kexi was ordered to hold Guangdong alone, and Geng Jimao to move his garrison to Guilin. On renwu, Ma Mingpei was made Governor-General of Xuan-Da and Shanxi, Geng Tun Governor of Shandong, Chen Yingtai Governor of Shanxi, Lin Tianqing Governor of Huguang, and Huang Tu'an Governor of Ningxia. On guiwei, the government army recovered Pingyuan County. On jiashen, an edict said: "In recent years the wars have not ceased, and supplying them has been very heavy; on top of that have come floods and droughts. The common people lack food, the officials have failed to look after them, and wanderers fill the roads. Our heart is pained and We find no rest. Let the reserves in the treasuries be checked at once and urgent plans made for relief." On jichou, the disaster taxes of the tenth year of the departments, counties, guards and battalions of Henan were remitted. On gengyin, Li Yinzu was made Governor-General of Zhili, Shandong and Henan. Edit
In the third month, on renchen, the government army attacked the bandits of Guidong and captured their chief, Lai Long. On wuxu, the disaster taxes of the tenth year were remitted for Xiangyang, Huangzhou, Changde, Yuezhou, Yongzhou, Jingzhou and De'an in Huguang and the three guards of Chen, Chang and Xiang, and for Jinan and Dongchang in Shandong. On xinchou, Ning Wanwo impeached Chen Mingxia; when the charges were examined and found true, Chen Mingxia was executed. On yisi, Wang Yongji was made Senior Censor-in-Chief. On wushen, the emperor's third son, Xuanye, was born; he was Shengzu. Jiang Hede was made Grand Secretary of the Historiography Academy. On yimao, E'ergun, Prince Huizhe of the Second Rank, Jiekan, Prince Xuanxian of the Second Rank, and Ya'erhaqi, Prince Tongda of the Second Rank, were made to share in the offerings of the Imperial Ancestral Temple. Meng Mingfu was made Minister of War. Edit
In the summer, the fourth month, on renxu, the bandit chief Cao Zhipan attacked Raozhou; the government army defeated him and Zhipan surrendered. On gengwu, the Sichuan bandit Wei Yong attacked Shunqing, and the government army defeated him. On renshen, there was an earthquake. The government army attacked Zhang Mingzhen and other officers of the former Ming at Chongming and defeated them. On guiyou, a third of the disaster taxes of the previous year of Luonan was remitted. On jimao, the emperor went to the Southern Park and gave money to the farmers along his way. On yiyou, the disaster taxes of the previous year of Baokang and three other counties, which had suffered from the bandits, were remitted. On dinghai, Wang Yongji was made Grand Secretary of the Secretariat Academy and Qin Shizhen Governor of Zhejiang. On wuzi, Xu Kejin, Zhu Yuan and other bandits of Jiangnan surrendered. Edit
In the fifth month, on renchen, the emperor returned to the palace. On jiawu, he went to the Western Park and gave a banquet to the high ministers. On gengzi, Hutu was made a Deliberative Minister. On jiachen, the disaster taxes of the previous year of Pingliang Guard were remitted. On bingwu, Dang Chongya was recalled to office as Grand Secretary of the Historiography Academy, and Gong Dingzi was made Senior Censor-in-Chief. On dingwei, officials were sent to review the prisoners of the provinces. On gengxu, the disaster taxes of the previous year of Xing'an, Hanyin, Pingli and other departments and counties were remitted. On xinhai, Venus was seen by day. On bingchen, Yang Qixiang was made General Who Pacifies the South, to garrison Hangzhou. Edit
In the sixth month, on the first day, jiwei, the Yellow River burst its banks at Dawang Temple. On bingyin, there was an earthquake in Shaanxi. On dingmao, Zhumala was made General Who Quiets the South, to campaign against the remaining rebels of Guangdong. On jiaxu, the lady of the Bo'erjijin clan, daughter of Chuo'erji, Duke Who Guards the State, of the Ke'erqin, was installed as empress. On gengchen, a general amnesty was proclaimed. Edit
In the autumn, the seventh month, on the first day, wuzi, Shang Zhi, Heir Prince of Ryukyu, was made King of Zhongshan. On renchen, the disaster taxes of Qinzhou, Chaoyi and Anding were remitted. On wushen, the disaster taxes of the two counties of Zhenyuan and Guangning were remitted. On bingchen, Tongdai was made Governor-General of Zhejiang and Fujian. Edit
In the eighth month, on the first day, wuwu, the taxes of the lean years of Yan'an Prefecture were remitted. On jiwei, the government army suppressed the remaining bandits of Ruijin and put to death their self-styled Commander Xu Shengke and others. On gengshen, the officials sent to the provinces for the review of punishments were abolished, and the governors were ordered to review the prisoners. On xinyou, the disaster taxes of the tenth year of Zhenning County were remitted. On renxu, there was an earthquake with a rumbling sound in Puzhou, Yanggu and other counties of Shandong. On jiaxu, Zhang Zhongyuan was made Governor of Jiangning. On bingzi, Zhang Bingzhen was made Minister of War. On gengchen, Fu Yijian was made Grand Secretary of the Secretariat Academy and Ren Jun Minister of Justice. On renwu, the former Ming Prince of Le'an, Zhu Yipeng, plotted rebellion and was executed. Edit
In the ninth month, on jichou, Fan Wencheng was relieved of office because of illness. The disaster taxes of the tenth year for the three prefectures of Xi'an, Pingliang and Fengxiang were remitted. On gengyin, Xian Guo'an was made an Earl of the Third Class. On renchen, the ban on harbouring runaways was proclaimed again with greater severity. On guisi, the disaster taxes of Xuanfu and Wanquan Right Guard were remitted. On bingshen, Dong Tianji was made Governor of Zhili. On renzi, Feng Shengzhao was made Governor of Yansui. Edit
In the winter, the tenth month, on the first day, dingsi, offerings were made at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On xinwei, the disaster taxes of the four prefectures of Lu, Feng, Huai and Yang and of the three departments of Xu, Chu and He were remitted. On dingchou, it was ordered that in the cases of prisoners guilty of grave crimes the Three Judicial Offices should submit proposed sentences, and the Prince Counsellors, beile and high ministers should still deliberate on them in detail. On renwu, relief was given to the departments and counties of the capital region that had suffered floods. The tax arrears of Qiyang and six other counties were remitted. Li Dingguo took Gaoming and besieged Xinhui; Geng Jimao asked for more troops. Edit
In the eleventh month, on dinghai, Chen Tai was made Minister of Personnel, and A'erjin gushan ejen of the Manchu Plain Blue Banner. Shang Kexi sent his son to court to serve in attendance. On renyin, an edict said: "We have carried on the great inheritance for eleven years, yet good government has not been achieved. There are many troubles on the borders, floods and droughts appear one after another, and earthquakes are reported again and again. All this is brought about by Our lack of virtue. We, a person of little worth, have been placed above the princes, dukes, officials and common people; government and instruction are not in good order and the people's wounds have not healed, yet the memorials from within and outside the capital constantly call Us 'sage'. This only adds to Our lack of virtue. We are now examining and restraining Ourselves within, and officials great and small should likewise keep diligently to their duties, so that together we may avert calamity. In all memorials and official documents the word 'sage' is not to be used. A general amnesty is proclaimed throughout the empire, so that all may make a fresh start." On guimao, the emperor went to the Southern Park. On jiachen, Geng Jimao sent his son to court to serve in attendance. Edit
In the twelfth month, on xinyou, Shuose, Prince Chengze of the First Rank, died. On wuchen, the disaster taxes of Jingmen, Zhongxiang and four other departments and counties were remitted. On jisi, the disaster taxes of Ci, Xiangfu and thirty-four other departments and counties were remitted. On renshen, Jidu was made Dingyuan Grand General to campaign against Zheng Chenggong. Shang Kexi, Geng Jimao and Zhumala defeated Li Dingguo at Xinhui, and Dingguo fled. On yihai, Zheng Chenggong took Zhangzhou and besieged Quanzhou. On dingchou, Ming'andali was ordered to campaign against the Luocha [the Russians]. The famine taxes of the five guards of Xi'an were remitted. The Jiangxi bandit Huo Wu and others surrendered with their followers. Edit
In this year Korea; Ryukyu; Abalai Nuoyan, Nuomen Khan and E'erdeni Dayun Chuo'erji of the Elute tribe; Suolangga Da'erhan of the Suolun tribe; and the Dalai Lama and the Diba and Panchen Hutuketu of the Tanggute tribe all came with tribute. Edit
In the twelfth year, in the spring, the first month, on wuzi, government troops defeated the bandits at Yubanchao, and also attacked the bandits of Teng County and crushed them. On gengyin, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Dongping, Jiyang and sixteen other departments and counties were remitted. On yiwei, the disaster taxes of the previous year for the eight prefectures of Zhili and for Zhangde, Weihui and Huaiqing in Henan were remitted. On wuxu, an edict said: "It is now five years since We took the government into Our own hands. We have worried and laboured in search of good order, and have hoped every day that you officials would bring Us good counsel and correct and make up for Our shortcomings. Yet the borders are not at peace, floods and droughts come one after another, the conduct of officials has sunk into corruption, and the people are worn out; and of the essentials of protecting the realm and ordering its government We have heard nothing. You princes and high ministers all saw with your own eyes the hardships the ancestors went through in founding the dynasty; can you have no far-reaching plans? Yet no one has set out plainly what is right and what is wrong. Is it that We do not listen keenly enough, or that We have not yet been open-minded enough in accepting remonstrance? The empire is vast and its affairs many, and the responsibility rests on one man, who lacks the help and guidance he should have. Though We lack virtue, can you not remember the bounty with which the ancestors nurtured you? Express your loyalty and devotion, to comfort Our heart." On xinchou, Handai was made Minister of Personnel, and Yi'erde and Alashan Lieutenant-Generals. On guimao, Yu Shiyue was made Governor of Guangxi. On jiachen, it was ordered that officials in the capital of the seventh rank and above, and outside the capital civil officials from prefect upward and military officers from deputy general upward, should each report on the affairs of their offices and on the hardships of soldiers and people, speaking out fully and hiding nothing. On xinhai, the compiling of the Great Instructions of Shunzhi was begun. Edit
In the second month, on gengshen, censors were again sent as regional inspectors to the provinces. On renxu, the Grand Secretary Lu Gong was relieved of office because of illness. On guihai, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Cheng'an and five other counties were remitted. On jisi, relief was given to the bannermen. The disaster taxes of the previous year for the two counties of Pingliang and Hanyin were remitted. On bingzi, Bomuboguo'er was made Prince Xiang of the First Rank. The disaster taxes of the previous year for Bin, Ningyang and nineteen other departments and counties were remitted. On jimao, the disaster taxes of the previous year for the two departments of Chu and He were remitted. On gengchen, Chen Zhilin was made Grand Secretary of the Hongwen Academy, and Wang Yongji Grand Secretary of the Academy of the State History. On guiwei, Geng Jimao and Shang Kexi defeated Li Dingguo at Xingye. The three prefectures of Gao, Lei and Lian in Guangdong and Heng Department in Guangxi were pacified. Edit
In the third month, on wuzi, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Shimen County in Huguang were remitted. Dai Mingshuo was made Minister of Revenue. On gengzi, Tong Guoqi was made Governor of Nangan, and Yi Yonggui Governor of Fujian. On renyin, the famine taxes of the previous year for the two prefectures of Yunyang and Xiangyang, which had been ravaged by bandits, were remitted. On jiachen, Tu'erchen, Shi Dacheng and others were granted the jinshi degree in their several grades. On dingwei, Shen Yongzhong, Duke Xushun, was stripped of his title. On renzi, an edict said: "Since the disorders at the end of the Ming, there has been fighting every day, and the way of learning has fallen into neglect and gone untaught. Now that the empire is gradually settling, We shall promote letters and instruction and honour the Confucian arts, so as to open an age of great peace. Let the education commissioners of the provinces train and supervise the scholars so that they gain a broad knowledge of past and present, understand principles and know how to put them to use. You officials too, in the leisure left by your duties, should give your minds to learning, to assist Our rule that honours letters." On guichou, Daily Lecturers were appointed. Edit
In the summer, the fourth month, on yichou, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Shenqiu and Huaiqing Guard were remitted. On dingchou, Nisiha was promoted to Prince Jingjin of the First Rank, and Qikexin to Prince Duanchong of the First Rank. On guiwei, an edict ordered the compiling of the Sacred Instructions of Taizu and Taizong. Edit
In the fifth month, on yiyou, Tuhai was made concurrently Minister of Justice. On xinmao, Ji'erhalang, Prince Zheng of the First Rank, died, and court audiences were suspended for seven days. On dingyou, Shi Tingzhu was made Zhenhai General, in garrison at Jingkou. On wuxu, Husha was made gushan ejen of the Bordered Yellow Banner. On gengzi, Jueluo Bahana was made Grand Secretary of the Hongwen Academy. On xinchou, there was an earthquake with a roaring sound in Lingqiu County. On yisi, Jueluo Langqiu was made Minister of Revenue. On bingwu, Li Jiqi was made Minister of War. On dingwei, Engede was made Minister of Rites. On jiyou, Wei Zhouzuo was made Minister of Works. Edit
In the sixth month, on jiayin, the disaster taxes of Hangzhou, Ningbo, Jinhua, Quzhou and Taizhou were remitted. On dingmao, an edict said: "Reading the memorials of the judicial offices, We see that five or six prisoners, or even more than ten, are executed each day. When We think of these ignorant common people, who after war and calamity have now fallen into the net of the law, We are deeply grieved. In the age of Shun the people did not offend against the officials, and Emperor Wen of Han and Taizong of Tang came close to leaving punishments unused. Now offenders grow more numerous every day. Is it that customs grow worse every day? Or is it that the court's virtuous instruction has not spread, or that those who try cases sometimes wrongly convict? From now on let the judicial offices use punishment with discernment and care, and strive for fairness and justice." On wuchen, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Fangshan County were remitted. Liu Wenxiu, a general of the Prince of Gui, raided Changde and sent his followers to attack Yuezhou and Wuchang; government troops drove them off. On jimao, Boguoduo was made Prince Zhuang of the First Rank. On xinsi, the Thirteen Offices of the palace were ordered to set up an iron tablet. An edict said: "Eunuchs have been kept since ancient times, but when they are wrongly employed they bring disaster and disorder. Men of the Ming such as Wang Zhen, Wang Zhi, Cao Jixiang, Liu Jin and Wei Zhongxian seized power and took over the government, ruined the loyal and good, went out to hold garrisons and command troops, spread their poison along the borders, stirred up factions to sing their praises and plotted treason, and ruin followed upon ruin. This should be a deep warning. We have laid down the duties of the palace officials, and the rules are perfectly clear. Any who steal power or take bribes, form ties with officials, or overstep their station to memorialise on affairs shall be put to death by slicing. We have set up this iron tablet expressly, so that it may be obeyed for generations." Edit
In the autumn, the seventh month, on the first day, guiwei, there was an eclipse of the sun. On renchen, court officials were again sent out to review criminal cases with leniency. On xinhai, the provinces were ordered to draw maps and present them. Edit
In the eighth month, on bingchen, the disaster taxes of Lingqiu County were remitted. On guihai, A'erjin was made Ningnan Jingkou Grand General, to hold Jingzhou together with Zhuoluo, with Zu Zerun guarding Changsha. On yichou, Yuele, Prince An of the Second Rank, was made Left Superintendent of the Imperial Clan Court, and Beile Dulan Right Superintendent. On guiyou, an edict said: "The capital region is the root of the empire. Because the Grand Canal has burst its banks, the ministers of the Boards propose to collect the tax arrears. We think of how floods and droughts have followed one another in the capital region and how bitterly the people have suffered; how could they bear to pay old taxes as well? We now remit them all. The cost of the works is to be provided for in some other way." The disaster taxes of the previous year for Cao, Chengwu and five other departments and counties and for Linqing Guard and the Qihe garrison farms were remitted. Edit
In the ninth month, on guiwei, the disaster taxes of Fengyang were remitted. On renyin, it was laid down that those who passed the military metropolitan examination should sit a palace examination, as civil jinshi do. Zhumala and Dunbai brought their army back. On bingwu, the emperor's own works, the Essentials for Aiding Government, Constant Words on Exemplary Conduct, Essential Words Exhorting to Goodness and the Record for Admonishing the Heart, were distributed, one copy each to dukes of other surnames and below and to civil officials of the third rank and above. On wushen, the disaster taxes of the two counties of Liangdang and Ningyuan were remitted. Edit
In the winter, the tenth month, on the first day, xinhai, officials of the Seals Office were appointed. On renzi, the disaster taxes of Yu Department and the two guards of Yanghe and Yanggao were remitted. On jiwei, the disaster taxes of Ganzhou, Suzhou, Liangzhou and Xining were remitted. On xinyou, it was ordered that prisoners be reviewed in the sixth month of every year and the results reported again to the throne in the seventh month, and this was made a standing rule. On guihai, the disaster taxes of Ci, Huojia and six other departments and counties were remitted. On jiazi, the tax arrears of Longping from before the eleventh year and the disaster taxes of Zichuan and seven other counties were remitted. On bingyin, the disaster taxes of Xuanfu and Datong were remitted. On wuchen, an edict said: "Emperors and kings transform the people by virtue and use punishment to support their rule. If the statutes and precedents are too heavy or too light, and officials twist the wording to convict or acquit, how can government be fair and lawsuits justly decided? Reading the memorials on the trial of cases, We find that the laws cited are often inappropriate. Let the statutes and precedents now in force be copied out and presented; We shall read them Ourselves and revise them." On xinwei, Zhu Shiyun was made gushan ejen of the Manchu Bordered Red Banner. On guiyou, Sun Tingquan was made Minister of War. On yihai, the Imperial Genealogy was revised. On bingzi, Gong Dingzi was dismissed for an offence. Edit
In the eleventh month, on renwu, the disaster taxes of Bin, Tangyi and eleven other departments and counties were remitted. On guiwei, Zheng Chenggong was about to attack Zhoushan. On yiyou, the regional inspecting censor Gu Ren was convicted of taking bribes and executed in the marketplace. On dinghai, an edict said: "The state has appointed governors-general, governors and regional inspectors to uphold law and order, root out abuses and expose wrongdoing, and meant them to keep watch on one another. But the custom of late has been for them to shield and cover for one another, and those they impeach are only petty officials. How does this answer the purpose for which these offices were set up? From now on, any who hold back out of regard for others or act out of favouritism shall be punished along with the offender." Zheng Chenggong was about to take Zhoushan, and the deputy general Ba Chenggong went over to the rebels. On wuzi, the emperor went to the Southern Park. The tax arrears of Yunyang and Xiangyang and the disaster taxes of Ji, Qi, Zuocheng and other counties were remitted. On wushen, the disaster taxes of Linzhang were remitted. Edit
In the twelfth month, on bingchen, the disaster taxes of Yao Department, Tongguan and Luonan were remitted. On guihai, the disaster taxes of Anji, Renhe and eight other departments and counties and of the eight guards of Xuanhua were remitted. On yichou, the Code of the Great Qing in Manchu script was promulgated. The disaster taxes of Linqing, Qihe and eight other departments and counties and of Dongchang Guard were remitted. On bingyin, Yu Shiyue and Zu Zeyuan pacified one hundred and ninety-two stockades of the Yao and Zhuang of Jiutuan and Liangdu. On jisi, Ledu, Prince Min of the Second Rank, died. On guiyou, the disaster taxes of Zhuo, Qingyun and thirty-one other departments and counties and of Yongping Guard were remitted. On jiaxu, Yi'erde was made Ninghai Grand General to suppress the bandits of Zhoushan. Qin Shizhen was made Governor of Anhui and Superintendent of the Yangtze River Defence, Chen Yingtai Governor of Zhejiang, and Bai Rumei Governor of Shanxi. The disaster taxes of Linhai and seventeen other counties, the two counties of Xiangfu and Lanyang, and the two guards of Huaiqing and Qunmu were remitted. Edit
In this year E'erdeni Nuomuqi Taiji, Menzhang Mo'ergen Chuhu'er Taiji, Yishixibu E'erdeni Taiji and E'erke Daiqing Taiji of the Ka'erka tribe came to court. Korea; Bixile'ertu Khan, Emubu E'erdeni, Zebuzundanba Hutuketu, Danjin Lama, Chechen Khan, Tuxietu Khan, and Ta'erda'erhan Nuoyan, a lama under Tuxietu Khan, of the Ka'erka tribe; Dula'er Hunjin Taiji, Dula'er Hunjin Alilukesan Tuoyin, Abalai Nuoyan, Eqi'ertu Taiji and Ga'erdanba of the Elute tribe; Malukai of the Suolun tribe; Yikuda, headman of the Nemoli River; Kubai, headman of Heilongjiang; the Panchen Hutuketu; and the Chagan Khan of Russia all sent envoys with tribute. Korea came three times. Abalai and Eqi'ertu Taiji of the Elute came a second time. Edit
In the thirteenth year, in the spring, the first month, on the first day, gengchen, the emperor went to the Southern Park. On guiwei, an edict ordered the compiling of the Complete Book of the Comprehensive Mirror and the Extended Meaning of the Classic of Filial Piety. On bingshen, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Hanzhong, Fengxiang and Xi'an were remitted. On jihai, Zheng Chenggong was about to attack Taizhou; the deputy general Ma Xin rebelled with the city and went over to the rebels. On gengzi, one tenth of the previous year's disaster taxes of Guangde was remitted. On jiachen, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Fuyang and five other counties were remitted. On yisi, the tax arrears of Jiangxi for the eighth year were remitted. Edit
In the second month, on wuwu, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Jingzhou, Anlu, Changde, Wuchang and Huangzhou were remitted. On gengshen, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Guangping were remitted. On bingyin, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Kelan and Wutai were remitted. On wuchen, the Governor-General of Liangguang was ordered to move his seat to Wuzhou. Government troops defeated Li Dingguo at Nanning. On gengwu, rules were laid down for Manchu officials of the Boards and Courts: a review on completing three years of service and a capital evaluation every six years. Li Shuaitai was made Governor-General of Zhejiang and Fujian, and Wang Guoguang Governor-General of Liangguang. On jiaxu, Zhaobutai was made gushan ejen of the Bordered Yellow Banner. On bingzi, the emperor went to the Southern Park and held an archery contest. The disaster taxes of the previous year for Dongping, Pu and Changshan were remitted. On jimao, the Grand Secretary Feng Quan retired. Edit
In the third month, on gengchen, the emperor went to Yingtai. On guiwei, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Jingling and eight other counties were remitted. On guisi, Feiyasiha was made a Councillor of State, and Ma Zhixian Governor-General of the Three Borders of Sichuan and Shaanxi. On yiwei, Chen Zhilin was found guilty and sent to Shengjing to live at leisure, keeping his former rank. On guimao, an edict said: "The court raises the worthy without regard to where they come from. Although many of those recently dismissed or reprimanded have been southerners, all were condemned and removed for what they had done, and not out of any partiality. You officials must not divide yourselves by region, must not form factions, must not nurse grudges and make reckless accusations, and must not seize on suspicions to bring harsh charges; so that the even and impartial government of old may be restored." On bingwu, an edict said: "Since We took the government into Our own hands, We have been anxious and diligent day and night, always hoping to bring glory to the virtue of Our ancestors, to achieve order and peace soon, to answer the will of Heaven and to give the people and all creatures ease. When Prince Rui was regent, he drove out the loyal and employed the wicked, so that the people groaned in resentment and longed for Us to take the government into Our own hands. Yet now thunder in winter, snow in spring, falling meteorites and showers of dust are reported from everywhere. In six years peace and order have not been achieved, and calamities and ill omens are heard of again and again. This is because We have failed the people. We are therefore fearful and without rest, and wish to make a solemn report to the Lord on High and to Our ancestors, and truly to examine and correct Ourselves. Let the officials concerned choose a day and report it." Edit
In the summer, the fourth month, on xinhai, Zhu Huaruan, Prince of Yong'an of the former Ming in Guangxi, came to surrender together with native chieftains and others. On yimao, because of calamities and portents, a solemn report was made at the suburban altars and the Ancestral Temple. On xinyou, government troops crushed the bandits Yao Huang at Yiling. On renxu, there was an earthquake at Yangqu in Taiyuan. On dingmao, Jueluo Ke'erkun was made Minister of Personnel. On gengwu, the famine taxes of Linyou were remitted. On renshen, Liang Qingbiao was made Minister of War. On dingchou, Shang Kexi recovered the three counties of Jieyang, Puning and Chenghai. Edit
In the fifth month, on xinmao, the famine taxes of Daning were remitted. On guisi, the emperor went to the Southern Park. On jihai, Luotuo was made gushan ejen of the Manchu Bordered Blue Banner. Jueluo Langqiu was dismissed. Ming'andali was appointed Minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs. Zhang Xuanxi was made Governor-General of Xuanfu and Datong. The disaster taxes of the previous year for Jingmen, Jingshan and nine other departments and counties and for Xiangyang Guard were remitted. Edit
In the intercalary fifth month, on wushen, the emperor went to Yingtai. On bingchen, the native officials of Dukang and other prefectures in Guangxi came to surrender. On jiwei, the Qianqing Palace, the Kunning Palace, the Jiaotai Hall and the Jingren, Yongshou, Chengqian, Yikun, Zhongcui and Chuxiu Palaces were completed. Lang Tingzuo was made Governor-General of Jiangnan and Jiangxi, and Liu Hanzuo Governor of Fujian. On bingyin, Zhang Chaolin was made Governor of Jiangxi. Edit
In the sixth month, on jichou, an edict said: "The household servants of the Manchus were all taken in war, and so strict laws were made to deter them from running away. But in recent years the punishment of those implicated has had no end, and Our heart is grieved. We reflect that these servants too are all someone's sons. If they are bound by kindness, how could they fail to feel gratitude? If they are humiliated at their masters' whim, what good is strictness, however severe? From now on you should take Our meaning to heart." On renchen, there was an earthquake with a roaring sound in Ju Department. On gengzi, the famine taxes of the previous year for Taoyuan were remitted. On xinchou, Tian Jilin, native chieftain of Rongmei, surrendered. On guimao, the gushan ejen Langsai was ordered to hold Fujian with a garrison. The Manchu officials sent to the provinces to press for the collection of taxes and grain were withdrawn. Huang Suhe, a bandit leader of Ninghua, came to surrender. Edit
In the autumn, the seventh month, on the first day, dingwei, offerings were made at the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On wushen, government troops defeated Long Tao, a general of the Ming Prince of Gui, in Guangxi and beheaded him. On jiyou, Bomuboguo'er, Prince Xiang of the First Rank, died. On gengxu, Zheng Chenggong's general Huang Wu and others came over and surrendered Haicheng. On renzi, the emperor took up residence in the Qianqing Palace for the first time. On guichou, a general amnesty was proclaimed. On wuwu, Tong Yannian was made Governor of Gansu. Edit
In the eighth month, on wuyin, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Guangxin, Raozhou and Ji'an were remitted. On jichou, the disaster taxes of the eleventh and twelfth years for Putian, Xianyou and Xingping Guard were remitted. On xinmao, relief was given to the capital region. On renchen, Huang Wu was made Duke Haicheng. Manchu officials were no longer to be put in charge of the customs barriers. On guisi, Zheng Chenggong's army took the town of Min'an and went on to besiege Fuzhou; government troops beat them back. On dingyou, the disaster taxes of recent years for Shuntian were remitted. On jihai, the disaster taxes of Jingyuan, Tao, Min and other guards were remitted. On xinchou, it was ordered that a grand review of the troops be held every three years, and this was made a standing rule. On yisi, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Datong were remitted. Edit
In the ninth month, on bingwu, government troops defeated Zheng Chenggong's generals at Xiaguan, defeated them again on the Hengshui Sea, and so recovered Zhoushan. On guihai, Gu Zhong, an officer of Zheng Chenggong, came to surrender. On renshen, Haoge, Prince Su of the First Rank, was posthumously made Prince Wusu of the First Rank. Edit
In the winter, the tenth month, on dingchou, Jiang Guozhu was made Governor of Anhui and Superintendent of the Yangtze River Defence. On wuyin, the Petition Drum was set up. On jimao, the disaster taxes of Xuanfu, and three tenths of those of Shenmu County in Yansui garrison, were remitted. On gengchen, the Sichuan bandit leaders Deng Ximing and Zhang Yuankai surrendered with their followers. On jiawu, Hu Quancai was made Governor-General of Huguang. On yiwei, the emperor went to the Southern Park. On bingshen, Zhang Shang was appointed to govern Yunyang. On xinchou, government troops recovered Chenzhou. On renyin, three tenths of the disaster taxes of Heshun County were remitted. Peng Hongshu, native chieftain of Yongshun, came to surrender with the three departments, six chieftaincies and three hundred and eighty dong settlements under him. On guimao, Chen Zhilin was ordered to return to the capital. Edit
In the eleventh month, on bingwu, the emperor returned to the palace. On dingwei, the work on the mausoleums at Xingjing was completed. On gengxu, sacrifice was offered to Heaven at the Round Mound. On xinhai, the emperor went to the Southern Park. The ban on heterodox teachings was proclaimed again with greater severity. On wuwu, the disaster taxes of Qingshui County and Fengxiang Battalion were remitted. On bingyin, Zhang Changgeng was made Governor of Huguang. The famine taxes of Hai Department were remitted. On xinwei, the disaster taxes of Luochuan were remitted. Edit
In the twelfth month, on jimao, the lady of the Dong'e clan, daughter of the Chamberlain of the Imperial Guard Eshuo, was installed as Imperial Noble Consort, and an act of grace and amnesty was proclaimed. On wuzi, the emperor returned to the palace. On jichou, Pencuo Jiancuo was made Prince Chanhua. On yiwei, Li Yinzu was made Governor-General of Huguang. On dingyou, the honorific title of the Empress Dowager was enlarged to Zhaosheng Cishou Gongjian Anyi Zhangqing Empress Dowager. On wuxu, an act of grace and amnesty was proclaimed. Edit
In this year Badali, Prince Tuxietu of the First Rank; Wukeshan, Prince Zhuoliketu of the First Rank; Manzhuxili, Prince Da'erhan Batulu of the Second Rank; and Abunai, Prince of the First Rank and efu of an imperial princess of the first rank, came to court. Korea; the Netherlands; Tulufan; Prince Chanhua of Wusizang; Suoteba, Yi'erdeng Nuoyan, the lama Ta'erduo'erji Da'erhan Nuoyan, Chechen Khan and Tuxietu Khan of the Ka'erka tribe, and Danjin Lama, Daiqing and E'erdeni Lama under Tuxietu Khan; Dalai Wubashi Taiji, Nemuqi Taiji, Abalai Nuoyan, Chahan Taiji, Malai Taiji, Shihu'er Daiqing, E'erdeni Taiji, and Seleng Nuoyan under Gushi Khan, of the Elute tribe; and Da'erba of the Suolun tribe all came with tribute. Tuxietu Khan and Yi'erdeng Nuoyan of the Ka'erka came a second time. Edit
In the fourteenth year, in the spring, the first month, on xinhai, prayers for a good harvest were offered to the Lord on High, with Taizu, Emperor Wu, as co-recipient. On guichou, Wei Yijie was made Censor-in-Chief of the Left. On jiayin, Yi'erde brought his army back. On yimao, Zhang Xuanxi was made Governor-General of Zhili, Shandong and Henan. Government troops defeated Zheng Chenggong's generals at the Wulong River, and defeated them again in Hui'an County. On wuwu, an edict said: "Choosing scholars by examination and recommending worthy men through the officials who report on the accounts are both public institutions of the court. Yet officials use them to sell favours, which is quite unwarranted. The names of teacher and pupil are fit to be used only where the two have helped each other in virtue and the teaching was truly handed down from one to the other. How can men cling to the powerful and become intimate without cause? The candidates an examiner passes and the subordinates an official recommends at once call themselves his disciples. Bribes pass openly, back doors open by the hundred, men scheme for advancement and attach themselves to factions, and they egg each other on until it becomes the custom. We wish officials great and small to put an end to these abuses and private dealings and to keep diligently to their duties. Offenders shall be punished." The tombs of the Jin emperors were repaired. On gengshen, Lu Chongjun was made Governor-General of Xuanfu and Datong. On jiazi, an edict said: "When our state arose, its troops were trained according to rule. Now the people of the Eight Banners neglect military matters, so that the army has fallen into decay and is not what it was. This is all because quotas were set by year for the examinations of licentiates and boy candidates, so that those who passed the provincial and metropolitan examinations were at once given posts, and because the various offices held examinations for tachihahafan and bitieshi clerks; men gained office by writing alone and were promoted very quickly, and so everyone gladly flocked to it. All of this is to stop." On dingmao, Meng'e and Ta'erna were made Princes of the Second Rank, Duo'erbo a Beile, and the Imperial Noble Consort's father Eshuo an Earl of the Third Class. Edit
In the second month, on wuyin, sacrifice was offered at the Altar of Land and Grain. Confucian officials were ordered to compile a work on the Classic of Changes. On guiwei, Zhu Yunqian, Prince of Chongyang of the former Ming, and others came to surrender. On dingyou, sacrifice was offered at the Temple of the Emperors and Kings of Past Dynasties. On jihai, the law on harbouring runaways was relaxed. Saiyindali was made gushan ejen of the Chinese-martial Plain White Banner. On renyin, there was an earthquake with a roaring sound at Yunzhen in Shanxi. On guimao, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Mianyang and Yiyang were remitted. Edit
In the third month, on jiyou, Taizong, Emperor Wen, was made co-recipient of the sacrifices at the Round Mound and the Altar of Prayer for Grain. Ta'erna, Prince of the Second Rank, died. On renzi, Taizu, Emperor Wu, and Taizong, Emperor Wen, were made co-recipients of the sacrifices at the Square Pool. On guichou, because the rites of co-recipiency had been completed, a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the empire. On jiayin, an edict called for lost books to be sought out. On bingchen, Confucius's title as "the Supreme Sage and First Teacher" was restored. On dingmao, the Dingyuan Grand General Jidu brought his army back. Edit
In the summer, the fourth month, on jiaxu, Pang Guo'an, a Yao official of the twelve dong settlements of Leilian in Xingning County, came to surrender with others. On dingchou, Zheng Zhilong was banished to Ningguta. On guiwei, there was a great earthquake in the two departments of Wei and Mao in Baoning Prefecture, Sichuan. On yiyou, Jixiha was made Lieutenant-General of the Manchu Plain Red Banner. On dinghai, because of the long drought, criminal cases were reviewed with leniency. On xinmao, the emperor prayed for rain at the suburban altar, and before he had returned to the palace there was heavy rain. On dingyou, the emperor went to the Southern Park. On wuxu, Fengtian Prefecture was established at Shengjing. Edit
In the fifth month, on the first day, guimao, there was an eclipse of the sun. On bingwu, Daola was made gushan ejen of the Mongol Plain Red Banner. On jiayin, Jidu was made Prince Jian of the First Rank. On dingsi, Jueluo Yitu was made Minister of War. On wuwu, the emperor returned to the palace. Edit
In the sixth month, on xinsi, the disaster taxes of the previous year for the two prefectures of Zhangde and Weihui were remitted. On renwu, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Wuling County were remitted. On xinchou, Hong Chengchou was relieved of his post because of illness. Edit
In the autumn, the seventh month, on bingchen, Wei Yijie, Censor-in-Chief of the Left, was stripped of his office but kept at work while under charge. On gengshen, Zhu Zhixi was made Director-General of the Yellow River and the Grand Canal. Edit
In the eighth month, on renshen, Dunbai was made Commandant, in garrison at Shengjing. On jichou, the labour service and taxes of runaway adult males on waste land in Shanxi were remitted. On bingshen, Zheng Chenggong attacked Taizhou; Cai Qiongzhi, Intendant of the Shaoxing-Taizhou Circuit, rebelled and went over to the rebels. On dingyou, gifts were made to the poor men of the Eight Banners. Edit
In the ninth month, on xinchou, Kang Deshi was made Director-General of Grain Transport, and Li Guoying Governor-General of the Three Borders of Sichuan and Shaanxi. On bingwu, the emperor attended the Classics Mat lectures for the first time. Jia Hanfu was made Governor of Henan. On guichou, Gao Minzhan was made Governor of Sichuan. The autumn executions in the provinces were halted. On bingyin, government troops recovered the town of Min'an. On dingmao, there was an earthquake with a roaring sound in the capital. On wuchen, an edict said: "Since ancient times disasters have never arisen for nothing; as a rule they come from the doings of men. We have governed in person for seven years, and there have been errors in government, so that warnings by calamity have been reported and there has been an earthquake with a roaring sound. We shall cultivate Ourselves and examine Our conduct, and the officials, civil and military, should likewise join their hearts and do their duty to the full. Where We have faults and failings, let the ministers who assist Us memorialise and hide nothing." Edit
In the winter, the tenth month, on renshen, because the daily lectures were beginning, a solemn report was made to the First Teacher Confucius in the Hongde Hall. The disaster taxes of the previous year for Xinle were remitted. On guiyou, the gushan ejen Zhaobutai was ordered to hold Jiangning with a garrison. On bingzi, the emperor's fourth son was born. The compiling of the Complete Book of Taxes and Labour Service was ordered. On xinsi, the emperor went to the Southern Park. On yiyou, he reviewed the troops. On dinghai, the Temple of Confucius was repaired. On wuzi, the emperor returned to the palace. On gengyin, Liang Huafeng was transferred to be naval Brigade General, in garrison at Chongming. On jiawu, the Shuntian examiners Li Zhenye, Zhang Wopu and others were convicted of taking bribes and executed in the marketplace. On yiwei, the Zhaoshi Hall and the Fengxian Hall were completed. Edit
In the eleventh month, on renyin, the emperor went to the Southern Park. The emperor's fifth son, Changning, was born. On bingwu, Yuele, Prince An of the Second Rank, was promoted to Prince of the First Rank. On gengxu, the disaster taxes of Jishui and seven other counties were remitted. On wuwu, the disaster taxes of Ba, Baodi and twenty-six other departments and counties and of Bao'an and three other guards were remitted. On xinyou, the Jingzhou bandit Tian Guoqin and others came to surrender. On renxu, Sun Kewang, a general of the Ming Prince of Gui, came to surrender. The gushan Beizi Tunqika was stripped of his title for an offence. Edit
In the twelfth month, on guiyou, Hong Chengchou was again appointed Commissioner of Military Affairs (jinglue) for five provinces, to take Guizhou together with Luotuo and others. The disaster taxes of Xinjian and Fengcheng were remitted. On jiaxu, Sun Kewang was made Prince Yi. On guiwei, Wu Sangui was ordered to take Guizhou from Sichuan, Zhaobutai from Guangxi, and Luotuo from Hunan. On bingxu, Tan Xinchuan and other generals of the Ming Prince of Gui surrendered. On bingshen, because the Empress Dowager had recovered from her illness, gifts were made to the banner troops and relief was given to the poor. Edit
In this year Korea; Bixile'ertu Khan, Bingtu Taiji, E'erdeni Weizheng Nuoyan, Wubashi Nuoyan, and Wanshuke Nuoyan under Tuxietu Khan, of the Ka'erka tribe; Yilagukesan, son of Aoqi'ertu Taiji, the Bandida Hutuketu, Chuoketu Taiji, Batulu Taiji and Dalai Wubashi Taiji of the Elute tribe; Maluka and Hu'erge Wu'erda'erhan of the Suolun tribe; the Tuokeluo clan and Nandi'ou of the Eastern Yi; and the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Hutuketu all came with tribute. Korea came three times. Edit
In the fifteenth year, in the spring, the first month, on gengzi, a general amnesty was proclaimed. The edict said: "Emperors and kings govern the empire by filial piety, and of all the rites none is greater than serving one's parents. Lately the Empress Dowager has been unwell, and We have been anxious and fearful day and night. By the favour of Heaven she is now fully recovered. On meeting with so great a joy it is right to pour out special grace. From the princes and dukes downward, the officials in the capital and the provinces shall all receive gifts. The tax arrears of the provinces are all remitted. All officials and common people who have been implicated through error are pardoned." On renyin, the sacrifices at the Tangzi shrine were suspended. Duoni, Prince Xin of the Second Rank, was made Anyuan Jingkou Grand General and led an army to campaign in Yunnan. On wuwu, sacrifice was offered at the Round Mound; on jiwei, at the Square Pool; on xinyou, at the Imperial Ancestral Temple and the Altar of Land and Grain, because the Empress Dowager had recovered from her illness. The emperor's fourth son died. On bingyin, Zhou Zhaonan was made Governor of Yansui. Edit
In the second month, on jiaxu, relief was given to the capital region. On jiashen, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Wuqing and Huo were remitted. On jichou, the tax quota of Liaoyang was reduced. On xinmao, the eastern Sichuan bandit leader Zhang Jing and others came to surrender. On jiawu, the officials of the Boards and Courts were ordered each to submit proposals on affairs. On yiwei, the emperor attended the Classics Mat lectures. Edit
In the third month, on xinchou, Li Dingguo's followers Yan Weilong and others took Heng Department; government troops drove them off. On jiachen, the palace eunuch Wu Liangfu was put to death for taking bribes. On renzi, the famine taxes of Xiangyang and Yunyang were remitted. On wuwu, the daughter of the Ke'erqin Prince Batulu was posthumously made Consort Dao. On jiazi, the emperor's fourth son was posthumously made Prince Rong of the First Rank. Edit
In the summer, the fourth month, on xinwei, Sun Cheng'en and others were granted the jinshi degree in their several grades. On bingzi, government troops defeated the bandits at He Department and took Chongqing. On guiwei, the disaster taxes of the thirteenth year for Jiangxia and six other counties were remitted. On bingxu, there was an archery contest at Jingshan. On xinmao, the famine taxes of Chunhua were remitted. The Grand Secretary Wang Yongji was dismissed for an offence. On renchen, the Grand Secretary Chen Zhilin was again found guilty and banished to Shengjing. Edit
In the fifth month, on the first day, dingyou, there was an eclipse of the sun. On guimao, Wei Zhouzuo was transferred to be Minister of Personnel. On wushen, Liu Chang was made Minister of Works. The rules for the selection and appointment of officials were revised. On xinhai, Zheng Chenggong was about to attack Chenghai; the major Liu Jinzhong rebelled with the city and went over to Chenggong. On renzi, the arrears of salt dues owed by the salt-workers of Shandong from before the eleventh year were remitted. On jiwei, there was an archery contest at Jingshan. On xinyou, the officials of the Supervisorate of Imperial Instruction were abolished. On renxu, He Jiuyi, a rebel general in Guangxi, attacked Bin Department; government troops defeated him. On guihai, Hu Shi'an, Wei Zhouzuo and Li Wei were made Grand Secretaries of the Inner Academies. On jiazi, government troops recovered Yuan and Jing, and went on to take the prefectures of Guiyang, Pingyue, Zhenyuan and others and the departments of Nandan, Nadi, Dushan and others; the native chieftains of Funing all surrendered. Edit
In the sixth month, on wuchen, Wu Sangui and others defeated Li Dingguo's general Liu Zhengguo at Sanpo, took Zunyi and captured Kai Department. On xinwei, Zhao Tingchen was made Governor of Guizhou. On renshen, Tong Guoqi was made Governor of Zhejiang, and Su Hongzu Governor of Nangan. On bingzi, government troops defeated the sea pirates at Baisha. On xinsi, Li Qifeng was made Governor-General of Liangguang. On jiashen, Wang Chongjian was made Minister of Rites. On renchen, the regular taxes of Jing, Yuanling and thirteen other departments and counties and of the nine guards and battalions including Pingxi were remitted. On guisi, Zheng Chenggong attacked Wenzhou and took Pingyang and Rui'an. Edit
In the autumn, the seventh month, on jihai, the post of Governor-General of Xuanfu and Datong was abolished. On jiyou, Pan Chaoxuan was made Governor of Baoding. On gengxu, Sha'erhuda attacked the Luocha and defeated them. The Grand Secretaries of the Three Inner Academies were renamed Grand Secretaries of the Halls and Pavilions. The Hanlin Academy and the post of its Chancellor were established. Thirty censors were added to the circuits. On jiwei, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Guiyang, Hengyang and eight other departments and counties were remitted. On jiazi, Baha, Feiyanggu, Guomai, Tuluhui, Ma'erjiha, Emoketu, Kunbatulu, Wubugede Mo'ergenpao, Kalantu, Esai, Boluoseleng, Batema and Batai were all made Chamberlain of the Imperial Guard; Zhao Guozuo was made Governor-General of Zhejiang, and Li Shuaitai Governor-General of Fujian alone. Edit
In the eighth month, on guiyou, Li Xiangui was made gushan ejen of the Chinese-martial Bordered White Banner. On bingzi, an imperial instruction was sent to Duoni and the others, giving them their plan of campaign. Li Dingguo's general Wang Xing and An Kun, Pacification Commissioner of Shuixi, and others came to surrender. On guisi, the emperor attended the Classics Mat lectures. Edit
In the ninth month, on dingyou, Sunta was made gushan ejen of the Mongol Bordered Blue Banner. On gengxu, the rules of the Court of Colonial Affairs on capital punishment were revised. On jiyou, Nengtu was made Censor-in-Chief of the Left. On renzi, gold was given to the officers and men of the three banners of Bordered Yellow, Plain Yellow and Plain White. On jiayin, the Grand Secretaries of the Inner Academies were given new titles: Jueluo Bahana and Jin Zhijun became Grand Secretaries of the Zhonghe Hall; Esehei and Cheng Kegong of the Baohe Hall; Jiang Hede and Liu Zhengzong of the Wenhua Hall; Hong Chengchou, Fu Yijian and Hu Shi'an of the Wuying Hall; Wei Zhouzuo of the Wenyuan Pavilion; and Li Wei of the Eastern Pavilion. On jiwei, the famine taxes of the twelfth and thirteenth years for the three prefectures of Fuzhou, Xinghua and Jianning and for Funing Department were remitted. On guihai, money from the treasury was given to the families of the soldiers away on campaign. Edit
In the winter, the tenth month, on renwu, Zu Chongguang was made Governor of Shuntian. In Jingzhou, Xiangyang and Anlu there were incessant rains, the Yangtze overflowed, and more than ten thousand people were swept away and drowned. Edit
In the eleventh month, on the first day, jiawu, the sea pirates attacked the inner harbour of Luoyang; government troops defeated them. On yiwei, the famine taxes of Yunyang and Xiangyang were remitted. On gengzi, the numbers and ranks of the women officials in the palace were fixed. On xinchou, three tenths of the disaster taxes of Lin County were remitted. The Jiangnan examiners Fang You, Qian Kaizong and others were convicted of taking bribes and executed in the marketplace. Edit
In the twelfth month, on renshen, Suohun was made gushan ejen of the Manchu Bordered White Banner. On jiaxu, the disaster taxes of Wutai were remitted. On renwu, Zhu Yiweng, a member of the former Ming imperial clan, surrendered with his followers. On yiyou, Wuhe was made Minister of Rites. The disaster taxes of the previous year for Shanyin and seven other counties were remitted. On wuzi, Ming'andali was made Annan General and led an army to garrison Guizhou. On jichou, an edict said: "The people of Sichuan, Huguang, Yunnan and Guizhou are all Our subjects, and since the rebels' disorders they have long suffered as if in boiling water and fire. Now, wherever the great army comes, those who come over to us are to be cared for with special attention and settled where they can live. Those who can render service and win merit shall not be grudged titles and rewards." Edit
In this year Korea; Dou'ergeqi Nuoyan, Ga'erdang Taiji, Tuxietu Khan, Bixile'ertu Khan and Danjin Lama of the Ka'erka tribe; Abalai Nuoyan of the Elute tribe; Chechen Emubu and Eqi'ertu Taiji under Chechen Taiji; Dabadai of the Suolun tribe; Ta'ershan of the Ku'erka tribe; Ti'erku, headman of the Dog-Using Country; and the Dalai Lama all came with tribute. Korea, Tuxietu Khan of the Ka'erka and Abalai Nuoyan of the Elute came a second time. Edit
In the sixteenth year, in the spring, the first month, on jiawu, Tan Wen, a general of the Prince of Gui, attacked Chongqing; his younger brother Tan Yi killed him and came to surrender together with Tan Hong and others. On dingyou, Xu Yongzheng was made Governor of Fujian. On gengzi, Duoni took Yunnan and reported the victory. Earlier, Duoni, Wu Sangui and Zhaobutai had joined forces at Yanglao Fort in Pingyue Prefecture and advanced on Yunnan by three routes. Duoni went in from Guiyang, crossed the Pan River to Songling Guard, met Bai Wenxuan and routed him. Sangui went from Zunyi to Qixing Pass and could not advance, so he made for Wusa by a byway through Shuixi. Zhaobutai went from Duyun to the Luoyan Ferry on the Pan River, defeated the defending general Li Chengjue at the mouth of the valley, and defeated Li Dingguo again at Shuanghekou. They won wherever they went, and so all reached Yunnan and entered the provincial capital. Li Dingguo and Bai Wenxuan fled with the Prince of Gui to Yongchang. On guimao, Lin Tianqing was made Governor of Yunnan. On jiachen, Bahai was made angbang zhangjing [garrison commander], in garrison at Ningguta. On xinhai, horses, cattle and sheep were given to the impoverished princes of the Outer Mongol vassals. On guichou, Zhao Tingchen was made Governor-General of Yunnan and Guizhou, and Bian Sanyuan Governor of Guizhou. Edit
In the second month, on bingyin, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Xinzhuang and the other garrison farms of Tongguan Guard were remitted. On dingmao, the sea pirates attacked Wenzhou; government troops defeated them. On gengwu, because Yunnan and Guizhou had been pacified, it was ordered that the metropolitan examination be held this autumn. On xinwei, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Jingzhou, Qianjiang and seven other departments and counties and for the two guards of Mianyang and Anlu were remitted. On bingzi, Luotuo and the others were ordered to bring their armies back, and Ming'andali to garrison Jingzhou. On renwu, Xu Wenxiu was made Governor of Shandong. Edit
In the third month, on bingshen, Jiang Guozhu was made Governor of Jiangning. On jihai, Zhang Zhongdi was made Governor of Yansui. On wushen, Zhu Yizhu was made Governor of Anhui. Zheng Chenggong attacked Taiping County in Zhejiang; government troops defeated him. On jiyou, the emperor attended the Classics Mat lectures. On jiayin, Wu Sangui was ordered to hold Yunnan, Shang Kexi to hold Guangdong, and Geng Jimao to hold Sichuan. On dingsi, the disaster taxes of Xiangyang and five other counties were remitted. Edit
In the intercalary third month, on renxu, the Grand Secretary Hu Shi'an was relieved of his post because of illness. On dingmao, rules for corruption were laid down: those whose ill-gotten gains reached ten taels were to be exiled to Xibei, and those liable to beating were not to be allowed to commute it by payment. On jiashen, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Zhongxiang County were remitted. Tuhai was dismissed for an offence. On bingxu, Tan Hong was made Marquis Muyi and Tan Yi Marquis Xianghua. On dinghai, Zhang Zide was made Governor of Shaanxi. Edit
In the summer, the fourth month, on jiayin, the army of Duoni and Wu Sangui took Zhennan Department; Bai Wenxuan set fire to the iron bridge over the Lancang River and fled. Our army went on to take Yongchang. Li Dingguo fled with the Prince of Gui to Tengyue and laid an ambush at Mopan Mountain; our army fought hard and went on to take Tengyue. Edit
In the fifth month, on renxu, the prefectures of Nanning, Taiping and Si'en in Guangxi were pacified. On jisi, Liu Bingzheng was made Governor of Ningxia. Manzhuxili was promoted to Prince Da'erhan Batulu of the First Rank. On wuyin, government troops attacked Chenggong at Dingguan and defeated him, killing and capturing a great many. On xinsi, three hundred thousand taels of silver were issued from the palace treasury, half for the relief of the poor people of Yunnan and Guizhou and half for the pay of the troops on campaign. Edit
In the sixth month, on gengzi, Yi Ho, King of Korea, died. On renzi, Zheng Chenggong took Zhenjiang Prefecture. Edit
In the autumn, the seventh month, on dingmao, Dasu was made Annan General, to campaign against Zheng Chenggong with Suohong, Laita and others. On bingzi, Zheng Chenggong attacked Jiangning. On gengchen, the emperor went to the Southern Park. On jiashen, he returned to the palace. Edit
In the eighth month, on the first day, jichou, the government troops of Jiangnan crushed Zheng Chenggong at Gaoshan, captured his Provincial Commander Gan Hui and others, and burned more than five hundred enemy ships. Chenggong was defeated and fled; our army pursued him to Guazhou, and the enemy troops broke and scattered. Before this, Chenggong, with an army of more than a hundred thousand and several thousand warships, had reached the walls of Jiangning and set out eighty-three camps in an unbroken line, with great cannon, land mines, scaling ladders and wooden palisades, planning a long siege; his army made a very imposing show. Our Gachuha, Ma'ersai and others came to the rescue with a river fleet from Jingzhou; the naval Brigade General of Suzhou and Songjiang Liang Huafeng, the major Xu Dengdi, the colonel Zhang Guojun and others each arrived with their troops; and the Governor-General Lang Tingzuo joined all the forces in battle, advancing by water and land together, and so the victory was reported. On gengyin, the emperor attended the Classics Mat lectures. On guisi, the emperor went to the Southern Park. Liu Zhiyuan was made Zhenhai Grand General, to garrison Zhenjiang with the meile zhangjing Zhang Yuanxun and others. Cai Shiying was made Governor of Fengyang and Director-General of Grain Transport, and Yi Yonggui Governor of Anhui and Superintendent of the Yangtze River Defence. On bingshen, Wu Gongzi, commander-in-chief of Annam, sent an envoy to Hong Chengchou's camp to offer submission. On wuxu, the emperor returned to the palace. On jiachen, Zheng Chenggong attacked Chongming again; government troops defeated him. On yisi, the emperor went to the Southern Park. On bingwu, he returned to the palace. Edit
In the ninth month, on gengshen, the taxes of Taizhou from the fourth to the tenth year, when it had been ravaged by bandits, were remitted. On yihai, Lu Yuanwen and others were granted the jinshi degree in their several grades. On dingchou, Du Lide was made Minister of Justice. On wuyin, a posthumous name was conferred on the late King of Korea, Yi Ho, and his Heir Prince Yeon was made king. On gengchen, Hai'ertu was made gushan ejen of the Chinese-martial Bordered Blue Banner. On xinsi, the ancestral tombs at Xingjing were given the honoured name Yongling. On jiashen, the emperor went to the Southern Park. Edit
In the winter, the tenth month, on gengxu, Hong Chengchou was relieved of his post as Commissioner of Military Affairs because of illness. On jiayin, Ahan, Prince Da'erhan of the Second Rank of the Naiman tribe, was stripped of his title for an offence and made a commoner. Edit
In the eleventh month, on jiwei, the past offences of the late Mandahai, Prince Xun of the First Rank, Boluo, Prince Duanchong of the First Rank, and Nikan, Prince Jingjin of the First Rank, were judged. The titles of Prince Xun and Prince Duanchong were taken away and their sons reduced to Beile. Prince Jingjin alone was spared. On renxu, Duke Wohe and Duke Pu'erpen were made Chamberlain of the Imperial Guard. On bingyin, the emperor hunted near the capital. On renshen, he halted at Changping Department, where he poured a libation of wine at the tomb of the Ming emperor Chongzhen and sent the academician Maleji to sacrifice at the grave of Wang Cheng'en. On jiaxu, officials were sent to sacrifice at the tombs of the Ming emperors; more tomb households were added, the tombs were repaired, and the cutting of firewood there was forbidden. On wuyin, the emperor's sixth son, Qishou, was born. On jimao, the emperor halted at Tangquan. On jiashen, he halted at Santunying. The Ming emperor Chongzhen was given the posthumous title Emperor Zhuanglie Min. On bingxu, Wu Sangui took Yuanjiang. Edit
In the twelfth month, on wuxu, the emperor returned to the capital. On yisi, rules were laid down for the inheritance of hereditary posts. On gengxu, titles were conferred on the princesses. On renzi, Geng Jimao was ordered to move his garrison to Guangxi. Edit
In this year Korea; Danjin Lama, Tuxietu Khan, Chechen Khan, Bixile'ertu Khan, Lubuzang Nuoyan, Chechen Jinong, Kundulun Tuoyin, and Duo'erji Taiji under Tuxietu Khan, of the Ka'erka tribe; Abulai Nuoyan, Dalai Wubaxi Nuoyan and Eqi'ertu Taiji of the Elute tribe; Han Pili, headman of Nengjile Tun in Heilongjiang; and Hu'erge Wu'erda'erhan of the Suolun tribe all came with tribute. Korea, and Tuxietu Khan and Danjin Lama of the Ka'erka tribe, came a second time. Edit
In the seventeenth year, in the spring, the first month, on bingyin, Zhu Guozhi was made Governor of Jiangning. On gengchen, the Temple of Confucius in the capital was completed. Nengtu was made Minister of Justice. On xinsi, an edict said: "The emperors and kings of old, ruling over the world, rejoiced together with the empire when good government had been achieved; and when the work of transforming the people had not succeeded, they said, 'The fault lies with Us.' Revering Heaven and labouring for the people: the way goes no further than this. We have carried on the great inheritance of Our ancestors and striven anxiously for good government for seventeen years. Yet the people's livelihood is still not secure, corrupt officials have still not all been removed, the enemies lurking in Yunnan and Guizhou are not yet subdued, and levies of troops are constantly heard of. Thinking it over again and again, We truly lack virtue: We have failed the choice and trust of Heaven above, shamed the charge left to Us by Our ancestors, wasted the kindness of the Empress Dowager who brought Us up, and disappointed the hopes of the myriad people within the four seas. Whenever We think of this We dare not be at ease. Now, in the first month of this year, We have made solemn report to Heaven and Earth, the Imperial Ancestral Temple and the Altar of Land and Grain, opening Our heart and taking the blame upon Ourselves. From now on, the memorials of congratulation at New Year, the winter solstice and Our birthday are all to stop. We proclaim a special act of grace: for officials and people, except for capital crimes among the Ten Abominations, all sentences are reduced by one degree, and all sentences of military exile, banishment and below are pardoned. The tax arrears of the provinces are remitted in full. Those who have rendered service shall be recorded, and the filial and righteous shall be honoured. Let this be proclaimed far and wide, within the capital and without, so that all may know of it." The disaster taxes of the previous year for Taozhou Guard were remitted. On jiashen, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Ju, Ningyang and ten other departments and counties were remitted. Edit
In the second month, on wuzi, an edict ordered the Grand Secretaries and Ministers in the capital to report on their own conduct; those of the third rank and below the emperor would assess himself. Wu Sangui's army crushed the bandits at Pu'er. The Zhengnan General Zhaobutai brought his army back. On renchen, the Minister Liu Chang reported that he was old, and retired. On guisi, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Guiyang and five other prefectures and the native chieftaincies were remitted. The post of Governor of Fengyang was restored, with its seat at Taizhou. On wuxu, the governors-general and governors of the provinces and the Chinese officials of the third rank and above in the capital were assessed, and Shi Shen, Feng Pu and others were retained and rewarded, or dismissed and demoted, each according to his case. On renyin, Lin Qilong was made Governor of Fengyang. The disaster taxes of the previous year for the three prefectures of Huai, Yang and Feng and for Xuzhou were remitted. It was laid down that every year in the first month of spring a joint sacrifice should be offered to Heaven and Earth, the sun and moon and all the spirits in the Hall of Great Offering. On guimao, an edict to the Board of Rites said: "Hitherto the rite of prayer for a good harvest in the first month of spring has been held in the Hall of Great Offering. Now that the joint sacrifice is held in the Hall of Great Offering, the rite of prayer for a good harvest shall in future be held at the Round Mound." On renzi, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Liangcheng Battalion were remitted. Edit
In the third month, on guihai, the military system of the two feudatories of Pingxi and Jingnan was laid down. On jiazi, Shi Jigong was made Governor of Zhejiang. On xinwei, an edict to the Board of Rites said: "Examining the old institutions, We find that, besides the combined sacrifice at the end of the year, there was a rite of joint sacrifice in the Fengxian Hall. From now on, at New Year, on the Empress Dowager's birthday and on Our birthday, there shall be a joint sacrifice in the Fengxian Hall. Deliberate on the details of the ceremony and report." The guilt for the loss of Zhenjiang was judged: the Governor Jiang Guozhu and the Provincial Commander Guan Xiaozhong were stripped of office, spared death and made slaves, and the colonel Feiyazhu and others were executed in the marketplace. On jiaxu, it was laid down that in Chinese the gushan ejen should be called dutong, the meile zhangjing fudutong, the jiala zhangjing canling, the niulu zhangjing zuoling, and the angbang zhangjing zongguan; in Manchu the old names remained. Yuan Maogong was made Governor of Yunnan. On bingzi, the emperor attended the Classics Mat lectures. On guiwei, the titles of the wives and daughters of princes, beile, beizi and dukes were fixed. On jiashen, the rules for helmet plumes, from dukes, marquises and earls of non-imperial lineage down to zhangjing, were revised. Edit
In the summer, the fourth month, on bingxu, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Baodi, Fengrun and Wuqing were remitted. On jiawu, Zhang Changgeng was made Governor-General of Huguang. On bingshen, Liu Zuoyuan was made Governor of Baoding, and Zhang Chun Governor of Shaanxi. On xinchou, an edict laid down the penalty for concealing disasters and failing to report them. On guimao, Bai Bingzhen was appointed to govern Yunyang. On bingwu, the emperor's seventh son, Longxi, was born. On jiyou, a joint sacrifice to Heaven and Earth was offered in the Hall of Great Offering. Edit
In the fifth month, on the first day, yimao, Jueluo Yitu was made Minister of Personnel. On gengshen, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Suide, Fushi and three other departments and counties were remitted. On jiazi, Asiha was made Minister of War, and Sunahai Minister of Works. On jiaxu, Tong Zhuangnian was made Lieutenant-General of the Chinese-martial Plain Blue Banner, and Guo'ertai Lieutenant-General of the Mongol Bordered White Banner. The disaster taxes of the two guards of Yuanzhou and Zhenyuan were remitted. On jimao, an edict said: "Before this We issued edict after edict taking the blame and reproaching Ourselves, but thinking of it now, they were all empty words with little real benefit. Moreover, in the twelfth and thirteenth years there were at times wrong acts, which the remonstrating officials pointed out; and though We punished them, Our heart has never been at ease about it. Now Heaven above shows its warning: severe drought and epidemics, calamity upon calamity. Bandits are not yet quelled, and the people are worn out with hardship. We therefore blame Ourselves deeply and have no rest day or night. Let the Board of Personnel list by name and report those who were punished in the past for what they said. On all matters of benefit or harm to the state's finances and the people's livelihood, and on Our own faults, let each of you speak plainly and hide nothing." On gengchen, Zhang Tianfu was made Lieutenant-General of the Chinese-martial Plain Yellow Banner. On renwu, Jueluo Bahana and others, because of the drought, took the blame and reported on themselves. The emperor said: "Because drought has come again and again, We issued an edict reproaching Ourselves. That you should take the blame together in one voice shows that you still regard it as empty words, and not as Our real intention to correct Our faults. Your duty is to draft rescripts, yet you merely follow established practice and have not each brought forward your own views to make up for Our shortcomings. All this is Our fault, for not entrusting responsibility to Our high ministers. From now on We shall place special trust in you; exert yourselves fully to assist Us, be fair and upright, and so answer to Our wishes." Duoni, Prince Xin of the Second Rank, brought his army back. On guiwei, Nalun, a native chieftain of Yunnan, came to surrender. Edit
In the sixth month, on yiyou, Hanlin officials were for the first time ordered to take turns on duty at the Jingyun Gate. Asiha was made concurrently acting Censor-in-Chief of the Left. On wuzi, officials were sent to inspect the prisons. Yang Maoxun was made Governor of Huguang. The disaster taxes of the previous year for Li, Baling and ten other departments and counties and for Yuezhou and other guards were remitted. On jichou, sacrifices to Zhongzong and Gaozong of Shang, King Cheng and King Kang of Zhou, Emperor Wen of Han, Renzong of Song and Xiaozong of Ming were added in the Temple of the Emperors and Kings of Past Dynasties. The temple sacrifices to Taizu of Liao, Taizu of Jin and Taizu of Yuan, and the associated sacrifices to the Song ministers Pan Mei and Zhang Jun, were discontinued. Sunahai was made Minister of War. On guisi, Mulima was made Minister of Works, and Bai Sechun acting Director-General of the Yellow River and the Grand Canal. On bingshen, to pray for rain, the emperor walked on foot to the southern suburb and fasted and spent the night there. On that day there was heavy rain. On wuxu, sacrifice was offered to Heaven at the Round Mound, and it rained again. On jihai, the Grand Secretaries Liu Zhengzong and Cheng Kegong and Wei Yijie were dismissed for offences. On xinchou, it was ordered that the sacrifices to the famous mountains and great rivers of the empire and to the ancient emperors, kings, sages and worthies be restored and duly performed. Edit
In the autumn, the seventh month, on the first day, jiayin, Huoda was made concurrently acting Censor-in-Chief of the Left. Jidu, Prince Jian of the First Rank, died. On wuwu, the surrendered troops were formed into ten battalions, named Zhongyong, Yiyong and so on, placed under Wu Sangui and commanded by Ma Bao and other surrendered generals. On dingmao, the sacrifice to the Northern Peak was moved to Hunyuan Department. On jisi, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Jingzhou, Qiyang and eleven other departments and counties and for Hengzhou and other guards were remitted. On gengwu, the famine taxes of the previous year for Jun, Baokang and five other departments and counties and for the two guards of Yun and Xiang were remitted. Yang Yi was made Minister of Works. On dingchou, Geng Jimao was ordered to move his garrison to Fujian. Bahai, Commandant of Ningguta, defeated the Luocha in the lands of the Dog-Using tribe and won over more than one hundred and twenty households in fifteen villages of the Feiyaka. Exiled convicts bound for Xibei were sent instead to Ningguta. On gengchen, the sending of censors as regional inspectors to the provinces was stopped. On renwu, Luotuo was made Annan General and led an army to campaign against Zheng Chenggong. On guiwei, Nengtu was dismissed. Edit
In the eighth month, on dinghai, Peng Youyi was made Governor of Henan. On jichou, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Hua, Maoming and two other departments and counties and for Gaozhou Battalion were remitted. On gengyin, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Wugang were remitted. On bingshen, Dao Mudao, native chieftain of Cheli in Yunnan, came to surrender. On wuxu, Shen Yongzhong was made General Bearing the Seal, to hold Guangdong. On xinchou, Aixing'a was made Dingxi General, to campaign against Li Dingguo. On renyin, the Imperial Noble Consort of the Dong'e clan died, and court audiences were suspended for five days. On jiachen, the lady of the Dong'e clan was posthumously made Empress. On jiyou, the surrendered general Hao Chengyi rebelled, took Qiong Department and besieged Jiading; government troops defeated him. On xinhai, Mulima was made Lieutenant-General of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner. Edit
In the ninth month, on the first day, guichou, Le Duy Ky, King of Annam, sent a memorial offering submission. On jiazi, Tong Fengcai was made Governor of Sichuan. On dingmao, the rebel general Deng Yao seized Haikang; government troops drove him off. On renshen, Wang Denglian was made Governor of Baoding. On jiaxu, the disaster taxes of the fourteenth year for Baochang and five other counties and for the two battalions of Nan and Shao were remitted. On wuyin, the emperor went to Changping to view the tombs of the former Ming. On jimao, he returned to the palace. Edit
In the winter, the tenth month, on dinghai, Jueluo Yabulan was made Minister of Justice. On wuzi, Korea's tribute of hawks was ended. On xinmao, the emperor went to the near suburbs. On jiawu, he returned to the palace. On jihai, Guoke was made Minister of Works. On dingwei, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Sui, Shangqiu and nine other departments and counties and for the two guards of Guide and Suiyang were remitted. Edit
In the eleventh month, on jiayin, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Zhao, Baixiang and two other departments and counties and for Zhending Guard were remitted. On yimao, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Ning, Shangrao and forty-four other departments and counties were remitted. On dingsi, the officials for reviewing criminal cases with leniency were withdrawn from the provinces. The Annan General Ming'andali brought his army back. On xinyou, the Grand Secretary Liu Zhengzong was dismissed for an offence. On renxu, censors were again sent as regional inspectors to the provinces. On yichou, Nisiha, Prince Jingjin of the First Rank, died. On wuyin, the disaster taxes of Sui, Yucheng and four other departments and counties were remitted. On gengchen, the disaster taxes of the previous year for Wuhe and Andong were remitted. Edit
In the twelfth month, on guisi, the disaster taxes of Pi, Suqian and two other departments and counties were remitted. On wuxu, the disaster taxes of Qingdu were remitted. On jiachen, the emperor's eighth son, Yonggan, was born. Edit
In this year Korea; Danjin Lama of the Ka'erka tribe, and Wanshuke Nuoyan and the Seven Banners under Tuxietu Khan; Eqili Khan of the Elute tribe; the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Hutuketu; Alilukeshan Tuoyin; Yineke of the Hu'erha tribe; the Chahan Khan of the Russian tribe; and Bule, Sudingga and Chamusu, son of Suolang'a Da'erhan, headmen of the Reindeer-Using Suolun tribe, came with tribute. Korea came a second time. Edit
In the eighteenth year, in the spring, the first month, on renzi, the emperor fell ill. On bingchen, his illness became critical. Crimes from capital offences downward were pardoned. On dingsi, he died in the Yangxin Hall, aged twenty-four. His testamentary edict said: "With Our meagre virtue We succeeded to the great foundation, and it is now eighteen years. Since We took the government into Our own hands, in law and order, in the employment of men and the conduct of government, We have been unable to follow the plans and achievements of Taizu and Taizong; We have drifted along carelessly, making do for the moment. Moreover We gradually took to Chinese customs, and made changes day by day in the simple old institutions, so that the state has not been well governed and the people's livelihood has not been secure. This is one of Our faults. While We were still a child, Our father, Emperor Taizong, departed this world, and for teaching and upbringing We depended wholly on the loving care of Our mother, the Empress Dowager. Her great kindness was without limit, as high as heaven and as deep as earth, beyond all repaying; morning and evening We waited on her, hoping to fulfil Our filial duty in caring for her. Now, unhappily, We cannot carry the duty of a son to its end, and Our sincere wish is unfulfilled. This is one of Our faults. When Our father departed this world We were only six years old and could not wear the mourning garments and keep the three years' mourning, a regret that will last as long as heaven. Our only hope was to serve the Empress Dowager, following her wishes and pleasing her, and after her ten thousand years to fulfil the duty of a son and so ease in some small way that former regret. Now We leave her side for ever, and instead give Our holy mother cause for grief. This is one of Our faults. The princes, beile and others of the imperial clan are all descendants of Taizu and Taizong and the bulwarks of the state, and in reason should be treated generously, to show the love due to kin. With the princes and beile We met seldom and showed little favour; our feelings grew apart, and the way of brotherly affection was not fulfilled. This is one of Our faults. Of the Manchu officials, some have given loyal service for generations and some have laboured for many years; they should have been relied upon and trusted to bring their plans to fruition. We could not trust them, and men of talent could not use it. Moreover, the Ming lost the empire mostly because it relied one-sidedly on civil officials. We did not take warning from this, but entrusted affairs to Chinese officials, and at times even gave them charge of the seals of the Boards and Courts, so that the Manchu officials lost heart for their work and grew slack. This is one of Our faults. By nature We aimed high and could not humbly welcome others. In employing men We insisted that their virtue should equal Our own, and did not use them according to their talents and capacities, so that We were always lamenting the lack of good men. Had We overlooked men's shortcomings and made use of their strengths, then even those with small skills would have found employment; how could it have come to the point where no talent was to be found in all the world? This is one of Our faults. In setting up offices and dividing duties, virtue alone should decide who is employed, and advancement, retirement, dismissal and promotion must not be treated lightly. Of the court officials, even when We clearly knew a man to be unworthy We did not dismiss him at once, but went on indulging and tolerating him. Liu Zhengzong, for one, was partial, rash and jealous; We saw this clearly in Our heart, yet allowed him to hold high office for a long time. It may be said that We saw the worthy and could not raise them, and saw the unworthy and could not remove them. This is one of Our faults. The state's expenses are vast and the soldiers' pay falls short. Yet the jinhua silver was all given over to the expenses of the palace, and We never economised or paid it out. When the treasury reported that it was exhausted, We would order the princes and high ministers to confer, and they, having no other clever plan, could only propose cutting salaries to provide the army's pay. We were generous to Ourselves and mean to others, benefiting those above and harming those below. This is one of Our faults. In building halls and palaces and making implements, We insisted on the finest workmanship, and spent a great deal on useless things, without examining Ourselves or considering the hardships of the people. This is one of Our faults. Empress Duanjing was perfectly filial to the Empress Dowager and assisted Us, so that the affairs of the inner palace were well ordered. Following Our mother's gracious word and remembering her virtue and goodness, We made her funeral and sacrificial rites excessively lavish. We could not restrain Our feelings by the rites; everything was overdone, extravagant and irregular. This is one of Our faults. Our ancestors founded the dynasty without ever employing eunuchs. Moreover, the Ming lost the empire through relying on eunuchs too. We knew the evil clearly and did not take warning from it. We set up the Thirteen Offices of the palace and employed and used them no differently from the Ming, so that they pursued private gain and abuses even worse than before. This is one of Our faults. By nature We love leisure and quiet, and have often sought ease, staying idle in the depths of the palace and very seldom holding court. So We met the court officials only rarely, and the feelings of those above and below were blocked off from each other. This is one of Our faults. In what they do, who among men can be without faults? We, who deal with ten thousand affairs a day, how could We be entirely without error? Only by listening to advice and accepting remonstrance can one be sure to know one's faults. We often relied on Our own cleverness and would not listen and accept. The ancients said: 'A good merchant hides his goods deep, as if he had nothing; the gentleman of great virtue looks as if he were simple.' We have gone far against these words, so that the officials kept silent and would not offer advice. This is one of Our faults. Knowing that We had faults, We often blamed Ourselves and repented, yet We cared only for empty words and could not examine and correct Ourselves, so that Our failings piled up day by day and Our errors grew ever more. This is one of Our faults. The foundation laid by Taizu and Taizong is of the utmost importance, and the place of the heir cannot long be left empty. Our son Xuanye, born of the consort of the Tong clan, is precocious and intelligent and able to carry on the ancestral line; he is now made Crown Prince. In accordance with the rules he shall wear mourning for twenty-seven days, and on putting off mourning take the imperial throne. We specially appoint the Chamberlain of the Imperial Guard Suoni, Sukesaha, Ebilong and Aobai as regents. They are all ministers of long service and great merit, and We entrust them with this as Our closest confidants. Let them strive with loyal devotion to protect and assist the young ruler and help him manage the affairs of government. Let this be proclaimed within the capital and without, so that all may know of it." Edit
In the third month, on guiyou, he was given the honoured posthumous title Titian Longyun Yingrui Qinwen Dade Honggong Zhiren Chunxiao Zhang Emperor, with the temple name Shizu, and buried at Xiaoling. His honoured posthumous title was later enlarged to Titian Longyun Dingtong Jianji Yingrui Qinwen Xianwu Dade Honggong Zhiren Chunxiao Zhang Emperor. Edit
The appraisal says: At the beginning of Shunzhi, Prince Rui was regent. The dynasty entered the passes, set up its capital and took possession of the Chinese lands. But warfare was then at its height, and there was no time to give the people rest and let them recover. When the emperor took the myriad affairs of state into his own hands, he worked hard at government, loved the people and strove tirelessly for good order. He put the taxes and labour service in order to end arbitrary exactions, and laid down the statutes to wash away injustice and excessive punishment. Remissions of rent and loans of taxes are recorded in the history without end. In his eighteen years on the throne he lifted the people out of flood and fire and set them on their sleeping mats. Though Heaven's mandate to him was not long, the great foundation was already secure. And at the point of death he examined himself and took the blame, and proclaimed it to his officials and people; this went further even than Yu and Tang taking the blame upon themselves. The Book of Documents says: "The truly intelligent becomes the great sovereign, and the great sovereign is the father and mother of the people." This may be said of Shizu. Edit
The English was translated from the original by an AI, not checked sentence by sentence by a person, and is for reference; where it differs from the original, the original is right. Names are in pinyin. If a sentence is wrong, use “Edit” after the paragraph to correct it - no need to sign in.
Source: 清史稿 卷四 本纪四 世祖本纪一 (Draft History of Qing, juan 4, Annals 4: Annals of Shizu 1); 清史稿 卷五 本纪五 世祖本纪二 (Draft History of Qing, juan 5, Annals 5: Annals of Shizu 2)
Wikipedia: Shunzhi Emperor · Chinese Wikipedia: 顺治帝 · Baidu Baike: 顺治帝 (an article of the same name, not checked to be him)
Source
From the historical record: the notes below say where · qing-zongshi-00736
Notes (2)
- [Source] 清史稿 卷四 本纪四 世祖本纪一 Draft History of Qing, juan 4, Annals 4: Annals of Shizu 1
- [Collation note] 本纪：「世祖體天隆運定統建極英睿欽文顯武大德弘功至仁純孝章皇帝，諱福臨，太宗第九子。」 The annals: “Shizu, Emperor Zhang (full posthumous title: Titian Longyun Dingtong Jianji Yingrui Qinwen Xianwu Dade Honggong Zhiren Chunxiao Zhang Huangdi), personal name Fúlín, was the ninth son of Taizong.”